published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 200 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 191-200).

Thesis (S.T.D.)--Catholic University of America. / Bibliography: p. 129-137.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 130 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-130). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campagnol_d_dr_botfm.pdf: 3603129 bytes, checksum: 6016b81a7cfcb53dc9f89a2b1a5dfcbe (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A metadona é um opióide que possui potência analgésica semelhante à da morfina. Doses elevadas de metadona intravenosa (0,5-1,0 mg/kg), apesar de reduzirem a concentração alveolar mínima do isoflurano (CAMISO), resultam em maior depressão cardíaca que a observada com a morfina intravenosa (1,0 mg/kg) em cães. Com a hipótese de que a metadona peridural poderia proporcionar vantagens clínicas em relação à metadona intravenosa (maior potencialização da anestesia inalatória e maior eficácia analgésica), os estudos apresentados objetivaram comparar aspectos farmacocinéticos e farmacodinâmicos destas vias de administração da metadona em cães. Nos dois estudos iniciais (Capítulos 1 e 2), os mesmos seis animais foram anestesiados com isoflurano e tratados com metadona (0,5 mg/kg) peridural ou intravenosa em ocasiões distintas. No primeiro estudo (Capítulo 1), para comparação da farmacocinética destas duas vias de administração, a concentração de metadona foi determinada no plasma e no líquor da cisterna magna antes e durante 450 minutos após a administração do opióide. No segundo estudo (Capítulo 2), a CAMISO foi mensurada antes e após 2,5 e 5 horas da administração da metadona, mediante a aplicação da estimulação nociceptiva em membro pélvico e torácico (via peridural) ou em membro pélvico apenas (via intravenosa). No último estudo (Capítulo 3), cadelas apresentando tumores mamários, após serem tratadas de forma preemptiva com metadona (0,5 mg/kg) peridural ou intravenosa (10 animais por grupo), foram submetidas à mastectomia unilateral. Nesta etapa, avaliou-se a concentração expirada de isoflurano (ETISO) necessária à realização da mastectomia e, no período pós-operatório, avaliou-se os escores de dor, limiares nociceptivos mecânicos (LNM) das cadeias mamárias e requerimento de resgates analgésicos. No estudo do Capítulo 1, a via... / Methadone is an opioid that has analgesic potency comparable to that of morphine. High doses of intravenous methadone (0.5-1.0 mg/kg), in spite of reducing the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (MACISO), cause greater cardiac depression than intravenous morphine (1 mg/kg) in dogs. The studies presented here aimed to compare some pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of peridural and intravenous methadone in dogs, testing the hypothesis that peridural methadone could result in clinical advantages when compared to intravenous methadone (greater reduction in anesthetic requirements and greater analgesic efficacy). In the first 2 studies (Chapters 1 and 2), the same six animals underwent isoflurane anesthesia and were treated with methadone (0.5 mg/kg) administered via the peridural or intravenous routes during different occasions. During the first study (Chapter 1), in order to compare the pharmacokinetics of these two administration routes, methadone concentrations were determined in plasma and in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid before and for 450 minutes after opioid injection. During the second study (Chapter 2), MACISO was measured before, 2.5 and 5 hours after methadone injection via nociceptive stimulation of the thoracic and pelvic limb (peridural) or the pelvic limb (intravenous). During the last series of studies (Chapter 3), bitches presented with mammary gland tumors were preemptively treated with peridural or intravenous methadone (0.5 mg/kg) (10 animals per group) and underwent unilateral mastectomy. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration (ETISO) necessary for maintaining surgical anesthesia was evaluated and, during the postoperative period, parameters evaluated included Glasgow pain scores, mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) in the mammary glands, and requirement for supplemental analgesia. In first study (Chapter 1), peridural methadone prolonged... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:56:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sisto_rka_me_botfm.pdf: 745882 bytes, checksum: 572ac4fa4785affeee08e0c89fedec4c (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os agentes anticolinesterásicos (neostigmina), quando associados com agonistas de receptores alfa-2 adrenérgicos (clonidina) pela via espinhal, resultam sinergismo no que se refere à analgesia promovida em ratos, ovinos e humanos. Na presente pesquisa, formulou-se a hipótese de que a administração peridural de neostigmina potencializaria a redução da concentração alveolar mínima (CAM) do isoflurano proporcionada pela clonidina peridural em cães. Seis cadelas hígidas (14,9 ± 2,9 kg) foram anestesiadas com isoflurano em 3 ocasiões distintas, com intervalo de 7 dias. Durante as anestesias foi empregada a ventilação controlada a pressão para prevenção da hipercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg) e a temperatura esofágica foi mantida entre 37,5 a 38,5oC por meios de aquecimento artificiais. Em cada anestesia, os animais receberam aleatoriamente 1 de 3 tratamentos pela via peridural: neostigmina (10 μg/kg), clonidina (20 μg/kg), ou a associação clonidina (20 μg/kg) e neostigmina (10 μg/kg). A CAM do isoflurano, mensurada por meio de estimulação nociceptiva do membro pélvico (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms), foi registrada após 2 horas da indução da anestesia (CAM basal) e após 2,5 e 5 horas da administração dos tratamentos peridurais. Em um dos animais, tanto a clonidina como a clonidina/neostigmina resultou em elevação paradoxal da CAM (8-9 %). Nos demais animais estudados (n = 5), os valores de CAM basal (média ± desvio padrão) foram de 1,49 ± 0,26, 1,51 ± 0,23 e 1,49 ± 0,26 vol%, nos tratamentos clonidina, neostigmina e clonidina/neostigmina, respectivamente, não havendo diferença entre tratamentos. As reduções da CAM observadas após a administração peridural de neostigmina não foram significativas (p < 0,05) (reduções percentuais de 11 ± 5% e 8 ± 9% após 2,5 e 5 horas, respectivamente). Houve redução significativa da CAM após a administração peridural de... / Spinal administration of anticholinesterase drugs (neostigmine) in combination with alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists (clonidine) results in a synergistic analgesic effect in rats, sheep and humans. The hypothesis of the present study was that the epidural administration of neostigmine would enhance the isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) reduction induced by the epidural injection of clonidine in dogs. Six healthy bitches (14,9 ± 2,0 kg ) were anesthetized with isoflurane on 3 distinct occasions, with 7 day intervals among experiments. During the anesthetic episodes, animals were maintained under pressure controlled ventilation to prevent hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg) and esophageal temperature was maintained between 37.5 and 38.5 oC by means of artificial heating devices. During each anesthetic, animals were randomly allocated to receive 1 of 3 epidural treatments: neostigmine (10 μg/kg), clonidine (20 μg/kg), or the combination of clonidine (20 μg/kg) and neostigmine (10 μg/kg). Isoflurane MAC, determined by means of electric stimulation of the pelvic limb (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms), was recorded 2 hours after induction of anesthesia (baseline MAC) and 2.5 and 5 hours after epidural injections. In 1 of the animals, clonidine and clonidine/neostigmine caused paradoxical increases in MAC (8-9 % increases). For the remaining animals (n = 5), baseline MAC values (mean ± standard deviation) were 1.49 ± 0.26, 1.51 ± 0.23 e 1.49 ± 0.26 vol%, in the clonidine, neostigmine, and clonidine/neostigmine treatments, respectively. Baseline MAC did not differ among treatments. The isoflurane MAC reductions recorded after epidural injection of neostigmine were not significant (p < 0.05) (percent reductions of 11 ± 5% and 8 ± 9% after 2.5 and 5 hours respectively). The MAC reductions observed after epidural injection of clonidine (35 ± 9% and 22 ± 14% after 2.5 and 5 hours, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Francisco José Teixeira Neto / Banca: Eduardo Raposo Monteiro / Banca: Silvia Renata Gaido Cortopassi / Resumo: Os agentes anticolinesterásicos (neostigmina), quando associados com agonistas de receptores alfa-2 adrenérgicos (clonidina) pela via espinhal, resultam sinergismo no que se refere à analgesia promovida em ratos, ovinos e humanos. Na presente pesquisa, formulou-se a hipótese de que a administração peridural de neostigmina potencializaria a redução da concentração alveolar mínima (CAM) do isoflurano proporcionada pela clonidina peridural em cães. Seis cadelas hígidas (14,9 ± 2,9 kg) foram anestesiadas com isoflurano em 3 ocasiões distintas, com intervalo de 7 dias. Durante as anestesias foi empregada a ventilação controlada a pressão para prevenção da hipercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg) e a temperatura esofágica foi mantida entre 37,5 a 38,5oC por meios de aquecimento artificiais. Em cada anestesia, os animais receberam aleatoriamente 1 de 3 tratamentos pela via peridural: neostigmina (10 μg/kg), clonidina (20 μg/kg), ou a associação clonidina (20 μg/kg) e neostigmina (10 μg/kg). A CAM do isoflurano, mensurada por meio de estimulação nociceptiva do membro pélvico (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms), foi registrada após 2 horas da indução da anestesia (CAM basal) e após 2,5 e 5 horas da administração dos tratamentos peridurais. Em um dos animais, tanto a clonidina como a clonidina/neostigmina resultou em elevação paradoxal da CAM (8-9 %). Nos demais animais estudados (n = 5), os valores de CAM basal (média ± desvio padrão) foram de 1,49 ± 0,26, 1,51 ± 0,23 e 1,49 ± 0,26 vol%, nos tratamentos clonidina, neostigmina e clonidina/neostigmina, respectivamente, não havendo diferença entre tratamentos. As reduções da CAM observadas após a administração peridural de neostigmina não foram significativas (p < 0,05) (reduções percentuais de 11 ± 5% e 8 ± 9% após 2,5 e 5 horas, respectivamente). Houve redução significativa da CAM após a administração peridural de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Spinal administration of anticholinesterase drugs (neostigmine) in combination with alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists (clonidine) results in a synergistic analgesic effect in rats, sheep and humans. The hypothesis of the present study was that the epidural administration of neostigmine would enhance the isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) reduction induced by the epidural injection of clonidine in dogs. Six healthy bitches (14,9 ± 2,0 kg ) were anesthetized with isoflurane on 3 distinct occasions, with 7 day intervals among experiments. During the anesthetic episodes, animals were maintained under pressure controlled ventilation to prevent hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg) and esophageal temperature was maintained between 37.5 and 38.5 oC by means of artificial heating devices. During each anesthetic, animals were randomly allocated to receive 1 of 3 epidural treatments: neostigmine (10 μg/kg), clonidine (20 μg/kg), or the combination of clonidine (20 μg/kg) and neostigmine (10 μg/kg). Isoflurane MAC, determined by means of electric stimulation of the pelvic limb (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 ms), was recorded 2 hours after induction of anesthesia (baseline MAC) and 2.5 and 5 hours after epidural injections. In 1 of the animals, clonidine and clonidine/neostigmine caused paradoxical increases in MAC (8-9 % increases). For the remaining animals (n = 5), baseline MAC values (mean ± standard deviation) were 1.49 ± 0.26, 1.51 ± 0.23 e 1.49 ± 0.26 vol%, in the clonidine, neostigmine, and clonidine/neostigmine treatments, respectively. Baseline MAC did not differ among treatments. The isoflurane MAC reductions recorded after epidural injection of neostigmine were not significant (p < 0.05) (percent reductions of 11 ± 5% and 8 ± 9% after 2.5 and 5 hours respectively). The MAC reductions observed after epidural injection of clonidine (35 ± 9% and 22 ± 14% after 2.5 and 5 hours, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre