Základem mé diplomové práce je vysvětlit hlavní principy systému sociální pomoci v ČR a popsat změny, které bylo nutné provést už od počátku 90. let. Sociální pomoc je velice důležitou oblastí sociální politiky každé země, protože řeší situace nouze hmotné a sociální tj. neschopnost zabezpečovat základní životní potřeby. Celý systém však musí být nastaven tak, aby na straně jedné jeho fungování přineslo pomoc sociálně potřebným, zabezpečilo dostatek sociálních služeb a jejich rozvoj a na straně druhé odstranilo zneužívání sociálních dávek a dotací.

La dernière décennie a vu l'exploitation d’application d’inspection automatique dans plusieurs domaines grâce à l’avancé des capteurs de vision et des méthodes d’analyse de texture et de segmentation d’images. Cependant, la nature difficile des images de chaussées (fortement texturée), la petite taille des défauts (fissures) conduisent au constat que l’inspection dans ce domaine est réalisée manuellement. Chaque année, en France, des opérateurs doivent visualiser des milliers de kilomètres d'images de route pour y relever des dégradations. Cette façon de faire est couteuse, lente et a un résultat plutôt subjectif. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de développer une méthode permettant la détection et la classification des fissures automatiquement sur ces images de chaussées. Le coeur de la thèse est une nouvelle méthode de segmentation, la Free Form Anisotropy (FFA). D'une part, elle permet de prendre en compte simultanément les attributs concernant la forme et l’intensité des pixels d’une fissure pour la détection. D’autre part, une nouvelle modélisation est utilisée en recherchant des chemins minima dans des graphes (images) afin de trouver la forme de la fissure dès qu'elle est présente dans l’image. Après la segmentation, l’extraction et la classification de défauts sont réalisées par une transformée de Hough et par le calcul de l’orientation locale des pixels. Les résultats expérimentaux ont été obtenus à partir de plusieurs bases d’images et compares avec des méthodes existantes. / These last decades have seen application of automatic inspection in many fields thanks to advanced vision sensors and image analysis methods. However, the difficult nature of pavement images, the small size of defects (cracks) lead to the fact that inspection in this area is done mostly manually. Each year in France, operator must view images of thousands kilometers of roads to detect these degradations. This method is expensive, slow and has a rather subjective result. The objective of this thesis is to develop a method for the detection and the classification of cracks on these pavement images automatically. In this thesis, a new method of segmentation has been developed: the Free Form Anisotropy (FFA). On one hand, this method allows to take into account both the features concerning form and intensity of cracks, for the detection. On the other hand, a new model is used to search minimum paths in graphs (images). This minimum path follows crack form when crack is present. After segmentation, extraction and classification of defects are performed by the Standard Hough Transform and by calculating local orientation of pixels. Experimental results have been obtained from different image databases and compared with other existing methods.

Since its inception in 1969, the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) has been utilized to keep taxpayers with higher income from taking advantage of loopholes and paying little or no income tax. This project presents an outline of what the AMT is, how it is calculated, and its history; and also illustrates why the AMT is no longer viable today.

Valorization of the subsistence minimum is an important step for the correct adjustment of the entire social system. There is insufficient importance attached to this topic in the Czech environment. This can be confirmed by the absence of research focused on the system of valorization. The aim of this work is to propose and test alternative strategies for valorization of the subsistence minimum in the Czech Republic, which could help to outline further steps for work with this institute in order to improve the standard of living of citizens. The work focuses on testing three alternative strategies. The first proposes a minimum living standard to increase the year-onyear inflation, the second option adjusts the subsistence minimum by expenses of the 20% of the poorest households, and the third scenario recalculates the actual values by subtracting 10% for adults and adding 15% to children. I subsequently tested these scenarios in SPSS on EU-SILC data. The results show that the valorization strategy based on the inflation rate does not really affect the subsistence level and also almost does not change the shift of people above the poverty line. On the other hand, the revaluation scenario according to expenses of the poorest 20% is very effective in increasing the income of the most deprived persons....

Several interest groups seek to put a $15 per hour minimum wage amendment on the Florida ballot in 2020. Floridians voted successfully to increase the minimum wage back in 2004. While the measure passed by over 50% in every county, there were substantial differences. What explains variance in support for the 2004 Minimum Wage Amendment among Florida counties? Hypotheses were drawn from previous literature and theory and multiple regression models find several statistically significant results. The percentage of Hispanic residents and the percentage of residents with a high school education or less had a positive relationship with support for increasing the minimum wage, while the percentage of votes for President Bush had a negative relationship. Conclusions are drawn that suggest how these results may impact the expected upcoming vote to further increase the minimum wage in Florida.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Typescript, etc.

Stabilizer codes form a special class of quantum error correcting codes. Nonbinary quantum stabilizer codes are studied in this thesis. A lot of work on binary quantum stabilizer codes has been done. Nonbinary stabilizer codes have received much less attention. Various results on binary stabilizer codes such as various code families and general code constructions are generalized to the nonbinary case in this thesis. The lower bound on the minimum distance of a code is nothing but the minimum distance of the currently best known code. The focus of this research is to improve the lower bounds on this minimum distance. To achieve this goal, various existing quantum codes are studied that have good minimum distance. Some new families of nonbinary stabilizer codes such as quantum BCH codes are constructed. Different ways of constructing new codes from the existing ones are also found. All these constructions together help improve the lower bounds.

Stabilizer codes form a special class of quantum error correcting codes. Nonbinary quantum stabilizer codes are studied in this thesis. A lot of work on binary quantum stabilizer codes has been done. Nonbinary stabilizer codes have received much less attention. Various results on binary stabilizer codes such as various code families and general code constructions are generalized to the nonbinary case in this thesis. The lower bound on the minimum distance of a code is nothing but the minimum distance of the currently best known code. The focus of this research is to improve the lower bounds on this minimum distance. To achieve this goal, various existing quantum codes are studied that have good minimum distance. Some new families of nonbinary stabilizer codes such as quantum BCH codes are constructed. Different ways of constructing new codes from the existing ones are also found. All these constructions together help improve the lower bounds.

Cutting fluids are mainly used for cooling, lubricating, and chip removing. The use of minimum/minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) in machining processes not only reduces the cost of cutting fluids but also has the potential to alleviate the environmental impact. In addition, the MQL technique could be a viable choice to decrease the damage to the miniature machines due to the near-dry lubrication. Therefore, the objective of this study is aimed at the mechanical performance of MQL for micro-grinding of SK3 steels based on surface finish and tool life. In this study, it is observed that tool breaks in dry grinding or air blow grinding, and it is also found that workpiece surface is burned in dry grinding. However, these phenomena are not observed in MQL grinding. The reason is that the use of MQL reduces the friction between the tool and workpiece and improves the chip removal in micro-grinding. The use of MQL in micro-grinding also leads to better surface roughness and the tool life is more than seven times compared to dry grinding. Experimental results show that the best surface finish is achieved in MQL grinding when the use of cutting fluids is 1.88 ml/hr with the air flow rate of 30 l/min among the lubrication conditions in this study.