This Final Thesis is concerning the question of Kurdish minority which is currently dwelling in the Turkish state. I tried to make a clear picture about historical development of both nations, Turkish and Kurdish. The main hypothesis should reveal whether prevail the effort of Kurdish people to reconstruct own state -- new Kurdistan or whether are they attempting to obtain autonomy of Turkish government on the present. One part of this Thesis covers the interrelations in between those two groups of nations.

<p>This dissertation examines the history of Jews in Iraq from 1951 to 1973 and their associations in diaspora thereafter. Iraqi Jews trace their community back 2500 years to the Babylonian exile and Jews played prominent roles in modern Iraqi politics, society, and culture until 1950-1951, when most Iraqi Jews left following a period of anti-Jewish hostility. The history of the remaining Jewish community after 1951 is an important case study of Jews in the Middle East (sometimes referred to as Sephardi or Mizrahi Jews) during a period when many such communities faced violence and displacement amidst the Arab-Israeli conflict. Their history also provides unique insights into changes in Iraq’s political culture under the various revolutionary regimes that followed the 1958 revolution. This dissertation shows that Jews in Iraq after 1951 successfully re-established a communal and social presence until the Israeli victory in the Six Day War of June 1967 prompted renewed anti-Jewish hostility. However, this dissertation argues that it was the Ba’th Party coup in July 1968 that led to the depopulation of the remaining Jewish community as the party manipulated anti-Israeli sentiment in its effort to consolidate power in Iraq, unleashing a deadly campaign of terror on innocent Jews.</p>

LES DOUBLES MINORITES ISSUES DE L’IMMIGRATION :Approche temporelle et dynamique de la construction identitaire et des processus d’acculturationA travers les études présentées dans cette dissertation, nous avons mis en évidence l'impact du statut numérique des immigrés dans leur pays d’origine ainsi que celui de la gestion de la diversité culturelle au sein du pays d’origine, sur les processus d’acculturation des immigrés. Nos conclusions soulignent l’importance de considérer, dans les problématiques liées à l’acculturation des immigrés, l’influence du contexte social et politique précédant l’émigration. Nous rejoignons la vision que certains auteurs avancent sur les doubles minorités dans le pays d’accueil, les décrivant comme de nouveaux acteurs qui se réorganisent autour de leur identité ethnique d’origine distincte de l’identité nationale d’origine. Ces doubles minorités adoptent une attitude active de revendication mettant en avant leur situation au pays d’origine avec un discours victimaire et une remise en cause de la majorité du pays d’origine, accompagné d’un travail de lobbying dans le pays d’accueil (Ackermann, 2004 ;Atto, 2011) pour revendiquer les droits des minorités au sein du pays d’origine (Verkuyten & Yildiz, 2006). Nous relevons également la présence de stratégies acculturatifs proactives que les doubles minorités adoptent en fonction des attentes de la majorité d’accueil. Les résultats de cette dissertation sont mis en perspective avec les événements contemporains liés au Proche-Orient ;Les tensions entre Kurdes et Turques en Europe mais également entre ces deux communautés et les Chrétiens de Turquie ayant été victime d’un génocide. Plus récemment, l'émergence et les actions de « l’Etat Islamique » en Irak et en Syrie risquent de susciter des réactions de la part des différentes minorités du Moyen-Orient installés en Europe, amenant éventuellement à des tensions dans leurs relations réciproques.THE DOUBLE MINORITIES WITH A MIGRANT BACKGROUND :The temporal and the dynamics approach of identity constructionand acculturation processes Through the various studies presented in this dissertation, we highlighted the impact of both the numerical status of immigrants in their country of origin and the management of cultural diversity in their country of origin on the acculturation processes of immigrant populations. Our conclusions underline the importance of the social and political context preceding migration on the acculturation processes of immigrants. Arguing in favour of certain authors who have described immigrant populations as being new actors in their hosting countries that need to reorganise around their ethnical identity as opposed to their original national identity, these double minorities pursue an active attitude of demands, presenting their situation in their country of origin from a victim rhetoric and a questioning of the majority in their countries of origin, accompanied by an active lobbying in the hosting countries (Ackerman, 2004 ;Atto, 2011) in order to claim certain minority rights in their countries of origin (Verkuyten & Yildiz, 2006). We also focused on the presence of proactive acculturation strategies that double minorities tend to adopt in response to the expectations of the hosting majority. The results of this dissertation are put into perspective with contemporary events in the Middle East: the tensions between Kurds and Turks in Europe as well as tensions between both these communities and Christian minorities in Turkey, which have previously been victims of genocides. The recent actions of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria will result in reactions of the different minorities from the Middle East settled in Europe leading to increased tensions in their reciprocal relations. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished