Thesis (Ph. D., Education)--University of Idaho, May 2008. / Major professor: Jerry L. Tuchscherer. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-113). Also available online (PDF file) by subscription or by purchasing the individual file.

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Thesis, PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University.

Thesis (M.A.)--Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University.

Individuals who identify themselves as sexual or gender minorities report experienced and anticipated stigma known as minority stress. This stigma or stress has been consistently linked with worse mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety) compared with non-stigmatized (heterosexual, cisgender) individuals. However, little is understood about sexual minorities who also identify as gender minorities. This “doubly stigmatized” subgroup of the population may be transgender or gender-nonconforming or non-binary while simultaneously holding a non-heterosexual identity. This study sought to explore whether stigma and minority stress processes were different between individuals who identified as sexual minority/ gender majority (n=148) versus sexual and gender minority (n=167). Results revealed that individuals who were both sexual and gender minorities reported significantly more depressive and anxiety symptoms, greater minority stress, and fewer support resources. Moreover, increased minority stress (anticipated discrimination) and fewer support resources explained the disparity in mental health (bootstrapped indirect effects = -.4111 se=.1720 95%CI=-.8675, -.1634) between sexual and gender SATURDAY PROGRAM • JUNE 22, 2019 103 minority versus sexual minority/gender majority participants. Community connection was further examined as a potential moderating resource. Findings are discussed in relation to multiple stigmatized identities, the intersections of sexuality and gender identity, and the need for both future research and support resources for this population.

No description available.

The thesis concerns itself with the fundamental rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic groups in contemporary international law. The rights outlined are to be found in multilateral treaties and general or customary international law. The first right identified is the right to existence which is principally associated with the Genocide Convention 1948. The second right outlined is the right of individuals belonging to minorities to an identity in cultural, religious and linguistic terms. This right is found in treaties rather than general customary law. The principal vehicle for the right to identity is Article 27 of the United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The relationship between this right and the right of individuals not to be discriminated against on grounds of race, language or religion is a major focus of the text. The rights of indigenous and tribal populations are also discussed: in addition to being in most cases minorities in their States, these populations have been the subject of specific action mainly in the International Labour Organisation. They are therefore entitled to all the rights of minorities as well as those rights specifically drawn up in their favour. The thesis commences with an outline of the legal and philosophical problems raised by the existence of minorities and indigenous populations and discusses the history of the protection of minority groups by international law, culminating in the League of Nations regime for their protection. A consistent theme running through the work is the relationship between individual and collective rights in international law and the conclusion of the work attempts to characterise international law in this respect, and to forecast the direction which the law will take in the future.

No description available.