This thesis addresses the paucity of research on network mobility with a taxonomy and a quantitative comparison on a real test bed of existing and forthcoming network mobility solutions. Broadly, network mobility solutions can be divided into two broad categories, intra-domain and inter-domain solutions. The two are distinct enough to warrant separate solutions. Network mobility solutions can also be divided into four catogories according to their implementation, (i) Mobile IP-based solutions, (ii) Mobile IP Mobile Routing, (iii) intra-domain routing protocols, and (iv) Mobile IP Foreign Agent-based solutions. This latter division by implementation serves as a useful starting point for a discussion and study of these protocols. The qualitative and quantitive comparisons presented here yield two "winning" solutions, Mobile IP with Network Address Translation (NAT) and Mobile IP Mobile Routing, both based on Mobile IP, the draft standard for Internet mobility. The two were chosen because they are the only solutions fit for production networks, not necessarily because they are the best performing solutions. Indeed, nearly all of the other solutions are promising alternatives and some, such as mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing protocols and the solutions based on the next generation Internet (IPv6) version of Mobile IP, are particularly so. One of the solutions uses a novel extension for Mobile IP, the Multiple Home Address extension, developed and specified in this thesis, that turns a Mobile IP mobile node into a mobile router able to support dynamically sizing mobile networks while using the existing Mobile IP infrastructure. / Master of Science

Peer-to-peer i dagens applikationer har visat sig vara av stor användning. Detta beror på att peer-to-peer, både i teorin och i praktiken, har visat sig vara effektivare i att tillhandahålla data, detta utan att belasta en eller flera servrar med uppgiften. Snabba framsteg i mobil networking, tillsammans med användares begär för fler online tjänster och spel i mobila enheter, är anledningen till varför vi har blivit intresserade av att undersöka mobil P2P. De mål vi hade med projektarbetet var att ta reda på de för- och nackdelar som finns med mobil P2P, samt hur P2P kan implementeras och användas i en applikation. Som ett resultat av arbetet utvecklades en mobilapplikation, som använder en centraliserad P2P struktur för att utföra delar av nätverkskommunikationen. De problem som uppstod med routing och NAT löstes med hjälp av applicering av ICE-protokollet. Den utvecklade applikationen och dess P2P element utvärderades sedan i förhållande till den klassiska server-klient modellen. Systemet visade sig där fördelaktigt, när aspekter som responstid och serverbelastning betraktades. Andra aspekter så som anslutningstid, applikationskomplexitet och stabilitet under normala förhållanden var däremot ogynnsamma. Lösningsstrukturen av den produkt som utvecklades är tänkt att kunna användas av andra utvecklare, som riktlinje eller inspiration för andra produkter. / Peer-to-peer in today’s applications has proved to be of great use. That is because peer-to-peer, both in theory and in practice have proved to be more effective in providing data, without burdening one or several servers with the task. Rapid advances in mobile networking, along with users crave for more online services and games in mobile units, is why we have gotten interested in investigating mobile P2P. The goals of the project were to find out the advantages and disadvantages of mobile P2P, and how P2P could be implemented and used in an application. As a result of the work, a mobile application was developed. The mobile application uses a centralized P2P structure to perform parts of its network communication, and solves problems of routing and NAT through use of the ICE protocol. The developed application and its P2P element was evaluated in relation to the classic server-client model. The system proved advantageous when aspects such as response time and server load was considered. Other aspects, such as connecting time, application complexity and stability, were found inferior under normal conditions. The solution structure of the developed product is thought to possibly be of use for other developers, as guidance or inspiration for other products.

A mobile wireless ad hoc network (MANET) consists of a group of mobile nodes communicating wirelessly with no fixed infrastructure. Each node acts as source or receiver, and all play a role in path discovery and packet routing. MANETs are growing in popularity due to multiple usage models, ease of deployment and recent advances in hardware with which to implement them. MANETs are a natural environment for multicasting, or group communication, where one source transmits data packets through the network to multiple receivers. Proposed applications for MANET group communication ranges from personal network apps, impromptu small scale business meetings and gatherings, to conference, academic or sports complex presentations for large crowds reflect the wide range of conditions such a protocol must handle. Other applications such as covert military operations, search and rescue, disaster recovery and emergency response operations reflect the "mission critical" nature of many ad hoc applications. Reliable data delivery is important for all categories, but vital for this last one. It is a feature that a MANET group communication protocol must provide. Routing protocols for MANETs are challenged with establishing and maintaining data routes through the network in the face of mobility, bandwidth constraints and power limitations. Multicast communication presents additional challenges to protocols. In this dissertation we study reliability in multicast MANET routing protocols. Several on-demand multicast protocols are discussed and their performance compared. Then a new reliability protocol, R-ODMRP is presented that runs on top of ODMRP, a well documented "best effort" protocol with high reliability. This protocol is evaluated against ODMRP in a standard network simulator, ns-2. Next, reliable multicast MANET protocols are discussed and compared. We then present a second new protocol, Reyes, also a reliable on-demand multicast communication protocol. Reyes is implemented in the ns-2 simulator and compared against the current standards for reliability, flooding and ODMRP. R-ODMRP is used as a comparison point as well. Performance results are comprehensively described for latency, bandwidth and reliable data delivery. The simulations show Reyes to greatly outperform the other protocols in terms of reliability, while also outperforming R-ODMRP in terms of latency and bandwidth overhead.