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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Des algorithmes presque optimaux pour les problèmes de décision séquentielle à des fins de collecte d'information / Near-Optimal Algorithms for Sequential Information-Gathering Decision Problems

Araya-López, Mauricio 04 February 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse s'intéresse à des problèmes de prise de décision séquentielle dans lesquels l'acquisition d'information est une fin en soi. Plus précisément, elle cherche d'abord à savoir comment modifier le formalisme des POMDP pour exprimer des problèmes de collecte d'information et à proposer des algorithmes pour résoudre ces problèmes. Cette approche est alors étendue à des tâches d'apprentissage par renforcement consistant à apprendre activement le modèle d'un système. De plus, cette thèse propose un nouvel algorithme d'apprentissage par renforcement bayésien, lequel utilise des transitions locales optimistes pour recueillir des informations de manière efficace tout en optimisant la performance escomptée. Grâce à une analyse de l'existant, des résultats théoriques et des études empiriques, cette thèse démontre que ces problèmes peuvent être résolus de façon optimale en théorie, que les méthodes proposées sont presque optimales, et que ces méthodes donnent des résultats comparables ou meilleurs que des approches de référence. Au-delà de ces résultats concrets, cette thèse ouvre la voie (1) à une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre la collecte d'informations et les politiques optimales dans les processus de prise de décision séquentielle, et (2) à une extension des très nombreux travaux traitant du contrôle de l'état d'un système à des problèmes de collecte d'informations / The purpose of this dissertation is to study sequential decision problems where acquiring information is an end in itself. More precisely, it first covers the question of how to modify the POMDP formalism to model information-gathering problems and which algorithms to use for solving them. This idea is then extended to reinforcement learning problems where the objective is to actively learn the model of the system. Also, this dissertation proposes a novel Bayesian reinforcement learning algorithm that uses optimistic local transitions to efficiently gather information while optimizing the expected return. Through bibliographic discussions, theoretical results and empirical studies, it is shown that these information-gathering problems are optimally solvable in theory, that the proposed methods are near-optimal solutions, and that these methods offer comparable or better results than reference approaches. Beyond these specific results, this dissertation paves the way (1) for understanding the relationship between information-gathering and optimal policies in sequential decision processes, and (2) for extending the large body of work about system state control to information-gathering problems
12

Planification de perception et de mission en environnement incertain : Application à la détection et à la reconnaissance de cibles par un hélicoptère autonome / Planning for perception and mission : application to multi-target detection and recognition missions by an autonomous helicopter

Ponzoni Carvalho Chanel, Caroline 12 April 2013 (has links)
Les agents robotiques mobiles ou aériens sont confrontés au besoin de planifier des actions avec information incomplètesur l'état du monde. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse propose un cadre de modélisation et de résolution de problèmes deplanification de perception et de mission pour un drone hélicoptère qui évolue dans un environnement incertain etpartiellement observé afin de détecter et de reconnaître des cibles. Nous avons fondé notre travail sur les ProcessusDécisionnels Markoviens Partiellement Observables (POMDP), car ils proposent un schéma d'optimisation général pour lestâches de perception et de décision à long terme. Une attention particulière est donnée à la modélisation des sortiesincertaines de l'algorithme de traitement d'image en tant que fonction d'observation. Une analyse critique de la mise enoeuvre en pratique du modèle POMDP et du critère d'optimisation associé est proposée. Afin de respecter les contraintes desécurité et de sûreté de nos robots aériens, nous proposons ensuite une approche pour tenir compte des propriétés defaisabilité d'actions dans des domaines partiellement observables : le modèle AC-POMDP, qui sépare l'informationconcernant la vérification des propriétés du modèle, de celle qui renseigne sur la nature des cibles. Enfin, nous proposonsun cadre d'optimisation et d'exécution en parallèle de politiques POMDP en temps contraint. Ce cadre est basé sur uneoptimisation anticipée et probabilisée des états d'exécution futurs du système. Nous avons embarqué ce cadrealgorithmique sur les hélicoptères autonomes de l'Onera, et l'avons testé en vol et en environnement réel sur une missionde détection et reconnaissance de cibles. / Mobile and aerial robots are faced to the need of planning actions with incomplete information about the state of theworld. In this context, this thesis proposes a modeling and resolution framework for perception and mission planningproblems where an autonomous helicopter must detect and recognize targets in an uncertain and partially observableenvironment. We founded our work on Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), because it proposes ageneral optimization framework for perception and decision tasks under long-term horizon. A special attention is given tothe outputs of the image processing algorithm in order to model its uncertain behavior as a probabilistic observationfunction. A critical study on the POMDP model and its optimization criterion is also conducted. In order to respect safetyconstraints of aerial robots, we then propose an approach to properly handle action feasibility constraints in partiallyobservable domains: the AC-POMDP model, which distinguishes between the verification of environmental properties andthe information about targets' nature. Furthermore, we propose a framework to optimize and execute POMDP policies inparallel under time constraints. This framework is based on anticipated and probabilistic optimization of future executionstates of the system. Finally, we embedded this algorithmic framework on-board Onera's autonomous helicopters, andperformed real flight experiments for multi-target detection and recognition missions.
13

Vaterschaft, christliche Erziehung und Rituale : ein gemeindepädagogischer Beitrag zur Reflexion und Förderung christlicher Vaterschaft / Paternity, christian education and rituals : a contribution to the reflection and promotion of christian paternity through church education

Groezinger, Stefan Alexander 30 November 2005 (has links)
Der Vater stellt eine gewichtige gesellschaftliche Größe dar. Er ist neben der Mutter der bedeutendste Sozialisationsagent der frühen Kindheit. Er ist der Zeugende, wird Vater zu dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Frau das Kind zur Welt bringt. Eine soziale Rolle ,,Vaterschaft" entwickelt sich hieraus jedoch erst dadurch, dass er bestimmte Aufgaben, die sich im Zusammenhang mit dem Kind ergeben, erfüllt. Die Ausführungen nähern sich diesem überaus vielschichtigen Komplex ,,Vater" dermaßen, dass das Zusammenwirken von Vater und Kind als Interaktion aufgefasst wird und die Bedeutung des Vaters als Modell für das Kind dargestellt wird. ,,Christliche Erziehung" und ,,Rituale" sind die beiden anderen Dimensionen dieser Arbeit und erfahren durch das Thema ,,Vater" ihre inhaltliche Zuspitzung. Eine empirische Untersuchung von Vätern zu diesen Themen mittels Fragebogen ergänzt die theoretische Perspektive. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat das Ziel, die drei angedeuteten Spannungsfelder aufzugreifen, zusammenzudenken und als praktisch-theologische Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Reflexion und Förderung christlicher Vaterschaft zu leisten. / The father represents an important figure in society. Together with the mother he is the most important socialization-agent of early childhood. He is involved in the act of procreation and finally becomes father at the time his wife gives birth to their child. However, a social role "paternity" develops only through the fact that he fulfills certain tasks which are connected with the child. The dissertation approaches the extremely multilayered and complex subject "father" as follows: the cooperation between father and child is understood as interaction. The father´s role as model for the child is described. "Christian education" and "rituals" with regard to the topic "father" are the two other dimensions of this dissertation. An empirical survey of fathers about these topics by means of a questionnaire supplements the theoretical perspective. This Master-Dissertation would like to deal with the three mentioned areas, and - as practical-theological thesis - contribute to the reflection and promotion of Christian paternity. / Practical Theology / M.Th. (Practical theology)
14

Vaterschaft, christliche Erziehung und Rituale : ein gemeindepädagogischer Beitrag zur Reflexion und Förderung christlicher Vaterschaft / Paternity, christian education and rituals : a contribution to the reflection and promotion of christian paternity through church education

Groezinger, Stefan Alexander 30 November 2005 (has links)
Der Vater stellt eine gewichtige gesellschaftliche Größe dar. Er ist neben der Mutter der bedeutendste Sozialisationsagent der frühen Kindheit. Er ist der Zeugende, wird Vater zu dem Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Frau das Kind zur Welt bringt. Eine soziale Rolle ,,Vaterschaft" entwickelt sich hieraus jedoch erst dadurch, dass er bestimmte Aufgaben, die sich im Zusammenhang mit dem Kind ergeben, erfüllt. Die Ausführungen nähern sich diesem überaus vielschichtigen Komplex ,,Vater" dermaßen, dass das Zusammenwirken von Vater und Kind als Interaktion aufgefasst wird und die Bedeutung des Vaters als Modell für das Kind dargestellt wird. ,,Christliche Erziehung" und ,,Rituale" sind die beiden anderen Dimensionen dieser Arbeit und erfahren durch das Thema ,,Vater" ihre inhaltliche Zuspitzung. Eine empirische Untersuchung von Vätern zu diesen Themen mittels Fragebogen ergänzt die theoretische Perspektive. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat das Ziel, die drei angedeuteten Spannungsfelder aufzugreifen, zusammenzudenken und als praktisch-theologische Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Reflexion und Förderung christlicher Vaterschaft zu leisten. / The father represents an important figure in society. Together with the mother he is the most important socialization-agent of early childhood. He is involved in the act of procreation and finally becomes father at the time his wife gives birth to their child. However, a social role "paternity" develops only through the fact that he fulfills certain tasks which are connected with the child. The dissertation approaches the extremely multilayered and complex subject "father" as follows: the cooperation between father and child is understood as interaction. The father´s role as model for the child is described. "Christian education" and "rituals" with regard to the topic "father" are the two other dimensions of this dissertation. An empirical survey of fathers about these topics by means of a questionnaire supplements the theoretical perspective. This Master-Dissertation would like to deal with the three mentioned areas, and - as practical-theological thesis - contribute to the reflection and promotion of Christian paternity. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical theology)
15

To report or not report : a qualitative study of nurses' decisions in error reporting

Koehn, Amy R. January 2014 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This qualitative study was successful in utilization of grounded theory methodology to ascertain nurses’ decision-making processes following their awareness of having made a medical error, as well as how and/or if they corrected and reported the error. Significant literature documents the existence of medical errors; however, this unique study interviewed thirty nurses from adult intensive care units seeking to discover through a detailed interview process their individual stories and experiences, which were then analyzed for common themes. Common themes led to the development of a theoretical model of thought processes regarding error reporting when nurses made an error. Within this theoretical model are multiple processes that outline a shared, time-orientated sequence of events nurses encounter before, during, and after an error. One common theme was the error occurred during a busy day when they had been doing something unfamiliar. Each nurse expressed personal anguish at the realization she had made an error, she sought to understand why the error happened and what corrective action was needed. Whether the error was reported on or told about depended on each unit’s expectation and what needed to be done to protect the patient. If there was no perceived patient harm, errors were not reported. Even for reported errors, no one followed-up with the nurses in this study. Nurses were left on their own to reflect on what had happened and to consider what could be done to prevent error recurrence. The overall impact of the process of and the recovery from the error led to learning from the error that persisted throughout her nursing career. Findings from this study illuminate the unique viewpoint of licensed nurses’ experiences with errors and have the potential to influence how the prevention of, notification about and resolution of errors are dealt with in the clinical setting. Further research is needed to answer multiple questions that will contribute to nursing knowledge about error reporting activities and the means to continue to improve error-reporting rates

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