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In the current South African context, job insecurity has become a phenomenon to be reckoned with. Although research on this phenomenon is still scarce, a growing interest in the perceived experience of job insecurity and its different underlying constructs is obvious from the increase of job insecurity research. A comprehensive summary of previous research studies and relevant outcomes is therefore relevant. Up to now, South African studies on job insecurity have accepted the assumptions and context of international research studies on job insecurity. It is now time to investigate the influence of the South Afncan context on this phenomenon and to include this background in future studies. The main objective of this study was to review, investigate, compare, evaluate and interpret existing research, conducted internationally and nationally, in order to set a research agenda through proposing a theoretical model for job insecurity in South Afncan organisations. The model will primarily serve as an academic tool to new research scholars to identify new research problems, existing sources of information, relevant measuring instruments, and contextual variables that may be of interest. The model will also be applicable as a management tool to understand and deal with job insecurity in South Ahcan organisations. A qualitative, descriptive research design was followed to perform content analysis and an extensive literature review. Results of the qualitative content analysis were enhanced with semi-structured interviews with managers from different organisations (N = 24). Results indicated gaps between international and South African research studies as well as the gaps indicated between theory and practice. This was indicated by a comparison between the South African research results and the results from the semi-structured interviews with selected managers. These results were integrated into a proposed model for job insecurity in order to serve as a guideline for future research. It also serves as a tool for managers to be aware of the presence of job insecurity, and to enable them to improve their management intervention. Conclusions and limitations of the study were discussed and recommendations for organisations and for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

In the last few years, several studies have attempted to meta-analyze reliability estimates. The initial study, to outline a methodology for meta-analyzing reliability coefficients, was published by Vacha-Haase in 1998. Vacha-Haase used a very basic meta-analytic model to find a mean effect size (reliability) across studies. There are two main reasons for meta-analyzing reliability coefficients. First, recent research has shown that many studies fail to report the appropriate reliability for the measure and population of the actual study (Vacha-Haase, Ness, Nilsson and Reetz, 1999; Whittington, 1998; Yin and Fan, 2000). Second, very little research has been published describing the way reliabilities for the same measure vary according to moderators such as time, form length, population differences in trait variability and others. Vacha-Haase (1998) proposed meta-analysis, as a method by which the impact of moderators may become better understood. Although other researchers have followed the Vacha-Haase example and meta-analyzed the reliabilities for several measures, little has been written about the best methodology to use for such analysis. Reliabilities are much larger on average than are validities, and thus tend to show greater skew in their sampling distributions. This study took a closer look at the methodology with which reliability can be meta-analyzed. Specifically, a Monte Carlo study was run so that population characteristics were known. This provided a unique ability to test how well each of three methods estimates the true population characteristics. The three methods studied were the Vacha-Haase method as outlined in her 1998 article, the well-known Hunter and Schmidt "bare bones method" (1990) and the random-effects version of Hedges' method as described by Lipsey and Wilson (2001). The methods differ both in how they estimate the random-effects variance component (or in one case, whether the random-effects variance component is estimated at all) and in how they treat moderator variables. Results showed which of these methods is best applied to reliability meta-analysis. A combination of the Hunter and Schmidt (1999) method and weighted least squares regression is proposed.

This investigation uses the model proposed by Ferris et al.(1989)to study the relationships among the perceptions of organizational politics, organizational influences, work environment influences, personal influences, & study the relationships among the perceptions of organizational politics, job satisfaction , job stress, organizational commitment ,work performance , job involvement, organization citizenship behavior ,turnover intention. Understanding & perceived of control as moderators to influence perceptions of organizational politics & outcome variables were examined. The sample consisted of 2559 employee selected from 36 organizations of 9 industries in Taiwan. The data were analyzed by applying statistical methods, including factor analysis, reliability, correlation, regression & multiple linear regression. The major findings of this study are as fallow: Perceptions of organizational politics were found have a negative relationship with organizational influences, & positive relationship with Machiavellians & hierarchical level of personal influences as well. Perceptions of organizational politics were found have a positive relationship with job stress. Understanding & perceived of control as moderators of the relationships between perceptions of organizational politics & employee¡¦s work performance, organization citizenship. Perceived of control as a moderator of the relationships between perceptions of organizational politics & job satisfaction, job stress, organizational commitment, and work performance, organization citizenship behavior.

Includes vita. / Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 114 pages. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: In the last few years, several studies have attempted to meta-analyze reliability estimates. The initial study, to outline a methodology for meta-analyzing reliability coefficients, was published by Vacha-Haase in 1998. Vacha-Haase used a very basic meta-analytic model to find a mean effect size (reliability) across studies. There are two main reasons for meta-analyzing reliability coefficients. First, recent research has shown that many studies fail to report the appropriate reliability for the measure and population of the actual study (Vacha-Haase, Ness, Nilsson and Reetz, 1999; Whittington, 1998; Yin and Fan, 2000). Second, very little research has been published describing the way reliabilities for the same measure vary according to moderators such as time, form length, population differences in trait variability and others. / ABSTRACT: Vacha-Haase (1998) proposed meta-analysis, as a method by which the impact of moderators may become better understood. Although other researchers have followed the Vacha-Haase example and meta-analyzed the reliabilities for several measures, little has been written about the best methodology to use for such analysis. Reliabilities are much larger on average than are validities, and thus tend to show greater skew in their sampling distributions. This study took a closer look at the methodology with which reliability can be meta-analyzed. Specifically, a Monte Carlo study was run so that population characteristics were known. This provided a unique ability to test how well each of three methods estimates the true population characteristics. / ABSTRACT: The three methods studied were the Vacha-Haase method as outlined in her 1998 article, the well-known Hunter and Schmidt "bare bones method" (1990) and the random-effects version of Hedges' method as described by Lipsey and Wilson (2001). The methods differ both in how they estimate the random-effects variance component (or in one case, whether the random-effects variance component is estimated at all) and in how they treat moderator variables. Results showed which of these methods is best applied to reliability meta-analysis. A combination of the Hunter and Schmidt (1999) method and weighted least squares regression is proposed. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The goals of the current study were to examine the antecedents and boundary conditions of a new construct called unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) defined as behaviors that are unethical but at the same time helping the organizations (e.g., giving a low performing employee a letter of recommendation to help him/her find a job in another organization). Drawing from social exchange theory, antecedents such as leader-member exchange, perceived organizational support, idiosyncratic deals, and leader-member exchange were hypothesized to be positively related to UPB Three moderators of the impact of the social exchange variables on UPB: were also investigated: moral identity, psychological entitlement, and supervisor's embodiment of the organization. Data was collected in a cross-sectional survey from 269 employees and 144 supervisors. The hypotheses were tested using correlations and moderated multiple regressions. The results indicate that none of the hypotheses were supported. However, there were some interesting unexpected findings as some social exchange variables were found to correlate negatively with UPB. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

In the current South African context, job insecurity has become a phenomenon to be reckoned with. Although research on this phenomenon is still scarce, a growing interest in the perceived experience of job insecurity and its different underlying constructs is obvious from the increase of job insecurity research. A comprehensive summary of previous research studies and relevant outcomes is therefore relevant. Up to now, South African studies on job insecurity have accepted the assumptions and context of international research studies on job insecurity. It is now time to investigate the influence of the South Afncan context on this phenomenon and to include this background in future studies. The main objective of this study was to review, investigate, compare, evaluate and interpret existing research, conducted internationally and nationally, in order to set a research agenda through proposing a theoretical model for job insecurity in South Afncan organisations. The model will primarily serve as an academic tool to new research scholars to identify new research problems, existing sources of information, relevant measuring instruments, and contextual variables that may be of interest. The model will also be applicable as a management tool to understand and deal with job insecurity in South Ahcan organisations. A qualitative, descriptive research design was followed to perform content analysis and an extensive literature review. Results of the qualitative content analysis were enhanced with semi-structured interviews with managers from different organisations (N = 24). Results indicated gaps between international and South African research studies as well as the gaps indicated between theory and practice. This was indicated by a comparison between the South African research results and the results from the semi-structured interviews with selected managers. These results were integrated into a proposed model for job insecurity in order to serve as a guideline for future research. It also serves as a tool for managers to be aware of the presence of job insecurity, and to enable them to improve their management intervention. Conclusions and limitations of the study were discussed and recommendations for organisations and for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-151). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-151). Also available on the Internet.

Background: OCD is a debilitating mental health condition. Poor access to evidence-based psychological treatment has motivated the implementation of low intensity interventions in UK mental health services for OCD. Around one half of those accessing care remain clinically unwell. Service users, providers, and treatment decision-makers could benefit from understanding users' views of low intensity interventions and knowing which users are more likely to benefit from diverse low intensity approaches in order to match individuals with treatments of known efficacy. Aim and objectives: The primary aim of this research was to determine user characteristics associated with engagement and outcome in low intensity interventions for OCD. The objectives of the study were: 1) to review the published literature on predictors of psychological therapy outcome in OCD, 2) to explore individual variation in intervention acceptability, uptake, and engagement, and 3) to identify user characteristics, which moderate intervention engagement and outcome. Methods: This mixed methods thesis was conducted in three parts. Firstly, a systematic review of published trial data was conducted to identify predictors of therapy outcome. Secondly, primary data were collected as part of a large effectiveness trial: 1) qualitative interviews with 36 trial participants, randomised to one of two low intensity interventions (guided self-help; cCBT); and 2) quantitative trial assessments conducted at baseline and at 3-months follow-up. Data from the systematic review and the qualitative study were used to identify possible moderators of outcome. Confirmatory analyses were then conducted on these variables, using data from the quantitative assessments. Results: Objective 1: The systematic review identified 43 studies, examining predictors of outcome. Robust effects were rare and the applied utility of these findings is limited by methodological weaknesses. Objective 2: Six themes were identified from the qualitative study, three relate to the general acceptability of low intensity interventions: 1) Predisposing concepts of high quality psychological therapies, 2) Engaging with low intensity interventions, and 3) The perceived value of therapist support. Three are specific to individuals with OCD: 4) Positive aspects of OCD, 5) Recognition and accommodation of OCD users' needs, and 6) OCD disclosure. Objective 3: User attachment style, expressed emotion, OCD symptom subtype, and prior help seeking for OCD were examined in confirmatory interaction tests. Symmetry/order/exactness symptoms were associated with a greater likelihood of engagement in guided self-help than cCBT. Contamination/washing symptoms were associated with improved outcome in guided self-help over cCBT. Conclusions: This study has made an original contribution through using a mixed methods design to identify individual differences in response to low intensity interventions in OCD. There is significant individual variation in the acceptability of, and engagement with, low-intensity interventions for OCD, linked to the mode and intensity of therapist support preferable to the individual user. However, few moderators could be identified. Future research should focus on maximising the reliability of stratified medicine research to allow related findings to inform clinical decision-making.