Les nanosciences et les nanotechnologies (NST) s’inscrivent dans un champ technoscientifique, le nanomonde, qui a pour socle l’hybridation autant conceptuelle que pratique entre le domaine de la nature et celui de la technique. Dans ce mémoire nous nous intéressons au basculement de la distinction entre le naturel et l’artificiel qui s’ensuit. Un retour socio-historique sur la construction du dualisme nature/artifice propre aux sociétés modernes nous aide alors à saisir les enjeux socio-culturels impliqués dans sa remise en question. La déconstruction, à travers la méthode d’analyse de discours, d’entretiens réalisés avec les principaux chercheurs en NST au Québec illustre empiriquement, tout en le systématisant, le double processus d’artificialisation de la nature et de naturalisation de la technique, pointé théoriquement comme caractéristique de la remise en cause de la distinction entre nature et artifice qu’opère le nanomonde. Nous suggérons que l’artificialisation de la nature et la naturalisation de la technique, loin d’être contradictoires, constituent des éléments d’une dynamique synergique dont le résultat est une désontologisation de la nature comme catégorie de la pensée et une déqualification du monde qui distingue l’activité humaine. / Nanosciences and nanotechnologies (NST) are part of a technoscientific field, the nanoworld, which is founded on a theoretical and practical hybridization between nature and technique. In this master thesis we are interested in the blurring of the distinction between the natural and the artificial that so follows. From a socio-historical perspective of the construction of the dualism nature/artefact typical of modern societies, we try to apprehend the socio-cultural stakes that might result from its reversal. Through discourse analysis of interviews conducted with the main researchers in NST in Quebec, we illustrate empirically, and systematize, the double process of artificialisation of nature and naturalization of technique, which is theoretically pointed out as characteristic of the blur of the distinction between nature and technique carried out in the nanoworld. We suggest that the two terms, artificialisation of nature and naturalization of technique, far from being contradictory, rather constitute elements of a synergetic dynamics that leads to a de-ontologisation of nature as a category of thought and a disqualification of the domain that distinguishes human activity. / Conseil de Recherches en sciences humaines du Canada

Les nanosciences et les nanotechnologies (NST) s’inscrivent dans un champ technoscientifique, le nanomonde, qui a pour socle l’hybridation autant conceptuelle que pratique entre le domaine de la nature et celui de la technique. Dans ce mémoire nous nous intéressons au basculement de la distinction entre le naturel et l’artificiel qui s’ensuit. Un retour socio-historique sur la construction du dualisme nature/artifice propre aux sociétés modernes nous aide alors à saisir les enjeux socio-culturels impliqués dans sa remise en question. La déconstruction, à travers la méthode d’analyse de discours, d’entretiens réalisés avec les principaux chercheurs en NST au Québec illustre empiriquement, tout en le systématisant, le double processus d’artificialisation de la nature et de naturalisation de la technique, pointé théoriquement comme caractéristique de la remise en cause de la distinction entre nature et artifice qu’opère le nanomonde. Nous suggérons que l’artificialisation de la nature et la naturalisation de la technique, loin d’être contradictoires, constituent des éléments d’une dynamique synergique dont le résultat est une désontologisation de la nature comme catégorie de la pensée et une déqualification du monde qui distingue l’activité humaine. / Nanosciences and nanotechnologies (NST) are part of a technoscientific field, the nanoworld, which is founded on a theoretical and practical hybridization between nature and technique. In this master thesis we are interested in the blurring of the distinction between the natural and the artificial that so follows. From a socio-historical perspective of the construction of the dualism nature/artefact typical of modern societies, we try to apprehend the socio-cultural stakes that might result from its reversal. Through discourse analysis of interviews conducted with the main researchers in NST in Quebec, we illustrate empirically, and systematize, the double process of artificialisation of nature and naturalization of technique, which is theoretically pointed out as characteristic of the blur of the distinction between nature and technique carried out in the nanoworld. We suggest that the two terms, artificialisation of nature and naturalization of technique, far from being contradictory, rather constitute elements of a synergetic dynamics that leads to a de-ontologisation of nature as a category of thought and a disqualification of the domain that distinguishes human activity. / Conseil de Recherches en sciences humaines du Canada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisa Marsiaj Gomes.pdf: 831859 bytes, checksum: a11591effba460fd0a38839b283b5095 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-25 / The objective of this approach is to investigate the cultural multiidentities construction process in post-modern societies by analysis of the video FROM a visual research of the city of London and, consequently, also to reflect about the production of knowledge by visual thought way. Methodologically, the concepts of ryzom and multiplicity by Deleuze and Guattari were fundamental, as were the theoreticians, Manuel Castells, Massimo Canevacci, Nestor Canclini and Stuart Hall, for the comprehension of the relation network in these societies. In order to consider the visual production in the scientific research development, the notion of relation thinking, by André Parente, and the studies of hipermidiatic environment, by Sérgio Bairon, were utilized. In the first stage, based on FROM, this investigation relates the concept of ryzom with the mesh which permeates cosmopolitan cities, identifies the multiple cultural identities and analyses how they are constructed and deconstructed in this network of connections and fluxes, upon which the construction process of visual research is analyzed as a thought by images and in network. Besides the text, a hypermedia was created, showing relations established during the whole work process. This is the visual and interactive result of an artistic-scientific interdisciplinary research which allows for production of knowledge / O objetivo desta abordagem é investigar o processo de construção das multiidentidades culturais nas sociedades pós-modernas pela análise do vídeo FROM uma pesquisa visual da cidade de Londres e, conseqüentemente, também refletir sobre a produção de conhecimento por um modo de pensar visual. Metodologicamente, foram fundamentais os conceitos de rizoma e de multiplicidade, de Deleuze e Guattari, somados aos dos teóricos Manuel Castells, Massimo Canevacci, Nestor Canclini e Stuart Hall, para a compreensão da rede de relações dessas sociedades. A fim de pensar sobre a produção visual no desenvolvimento da pesquisa científica, utilizei a noção de pensamento de relações, de André Parente, e os estudos sobre ambientes hipermidiáticos de Sérgio Bairon. Na primeira etapa, pelo FROM, esta investigação relaciona o conceito de rizoma com a malha que permeia as cidades cosmopolitas, identifica as múltiplas identidades culturais e analisa como elas são construídas e desconstruídas dentro dessa rede de conexões e fluxos, para, em seguida, analisar o processo de construção da pesquisa visual como um pensar pelas imagens e em rede. Além do texto, criou-se uma hipermídia, que mostra as relações estabelecidas durante todo o processo de trabalho. Tratase de um resultado, visual e interativo, de uma pesquisa interdisciplinar, artístico-científica, que possibilita produção de conhecimento