Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1937. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 20.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-133). Also available on the Internet.

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abstract: Molybdenum (Mo) is a key trace nutrient for biological assimilation of nitrogen, either as nitrogen gas (N2) or nitrate (NO3-). Although Mo is the most abundant metal in seawater (105 nM), its concentration is low (<5 nM) in most freshwaters today, and it was scarce in the ocean before 600 million years ago. The use of Mo for nitrogen assimilation can be understood in terms of the changing Mo availability through time; for instance, the higher Mo content of eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic nitrate reductase may have stalled proliferation of eukaryotes in low-Mo Proterozoic oceans. Field and laboratory experiments were performed to study Mo requirements for NO3- assimilation and N2 fixation, respectively. Molybdenum-nitrate addition experiments at Castle Lake, California revealed interannual and depth variability in plankton community response, perhaps resulting from differences in species composition and/or ammonium availability. Furthermore, lake sediments were elevated in Mo compared to soils and bedrock in the watershed. Box modeling suggested that the largest source of Mo to the lake was particulate matter from the watershed. Month-long laboratory experiments with heterocystous cyanobacteria (HC) showed that <1 nM Mo led to low N2 fixation rates, while 10 nM Mo was sufficient for optimal rates. At 1500 nM Mo, freshwater HC hyperaccumulated Mo intercellularly, whereas coastal HC did not. These differences in storage capacity were likely due to the presence in freshwater HC of the small molybdate-binding protein, Mop, and its absence in coastal and marine cyanobacterial species. Expression of the mop gene was regulated by Mo availability in the freshwater HC species Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. Under low Mo (<1 nM) conditions, mop gene expression was up-regulated compared to higher Mo (150 and 3000 nM) treatments, but the subunit composition of the Mop protein changed, suggesting that Mop does not bind Mo in the same manner at <1 nM Mo that it can at higher Mo concentrations. These findings support a role for Mop as a Mo storage protein in HC and suggest that freshwater HC control Mo cellular homeostasis at the post-translational level. Mop's widespread distribution in prokaryotes lends support to the theory that it may be an ancient protein inherited from low-Mo Precambrian oceans. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Geological Sciences 2011

The sintering behavior to form TiC-Ni-Mo cermet using a nano-size TiC powders was investigated in flowing Argon gas at 1500°C. Nano-sized titanium carbide powders with high purity, high surface area, and low cost were synthesized from carbon coated Ti containing precursors utilizing a patented process. The sintering studies showed that an increase in theoretical density (TD) with increasing molybdenum content. TiC based cermets were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers hardness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and oxidation resistance results shows potential applications as interconnect for Low/Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and machining tool tips.

This dissertation details the use of click chemistry to prepare linear and nonlinear polymers containing metal-metal bonds. The incorporation of metal-metal bonds into the polymer simplfies the degradation mechanism, allowing fundamental mechanistic studies of polymer degradation. Click chemistry offered a brand new route to explore the preparation of these useful but intricate metal-metal bond-containing polymers. Chapter I discusses the utility of these types of polymers for mechanistic studies, the preparation of metal dimers with reactive functionalities, and the previous polymerization methods which have been explored. The need for a new polymerization strategy, such as click chemistry, is described. Chapter II explains the preparation of a new metal dimer click synthon, [(η5-C5H4(CH2)3OC(O)(CH2)2C≡CH)Mo(CO)3]2, and the necessary conditions needed to polymerize the synthon using click chemistry. A high molecular weight linear polymer was prepared, suggesting click chemistry is a viable route to nonlinear polymers. Chapter III presents a second novel metal dimer click synthon, [(η5-C5H4(CH2)3N3Mo(CO)3]2, and attempts to use click chemistry to prepare a star polymer containing metal-metal bonds. A small amount of nonlinear polymer was prepared but several reactivity problems were also discovered and addressed. Due to these problems with click chemistry, Chapter IV details a brand new method for preparing asymmetric metal dimers. CpMo(CO)3-Mo(CO)3Cp(CH2)3CH=CH2 is the first reported example of an asymmetric dimer, and (CH3)3CSi(CH3)2O(CH2)3CpMo(CO)3-Mo(CO)3Cp(CH2)3OC(CH3)2OCH3 is the first example of a bifunctional asymmetric dimer. Chapter V describes the synthesis of a different type of metal dimer, (CH3)2Si[(C5H5)Mo(CO)3]2, which is polymerized by thermal ring opening polymerization. The dimer did not polymerize as expected and yielded an interesting polymer which has both Mo-Mo single bonds and Mo≡Mo triple bonds. Finally, Chapter VI provides a summary of the work as well as an honest perspective of using click chemistry to prepare metal-metal bond-containing polymers. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material. / 10000-01-01

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-10-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cuin_a_dr_araiq.pdf: 4874246 bytes, checksum: d2682f8e4635d9604b952790ce19f2ee (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo de complexos obtidos a partir da interação de ácidos a-hidroxicarboxílicos ou de seus respectivos sais, com óxidos de molibdênio e de chumbo e com o nitrato de prata. Os ácidos a-hidroxicarboxílicos utilizados foram os ácidos glicólico (C2H4O3), málico (C4H6O5), tartárico (C4H6O6) e mandélico (C8H8O3). Foram sintetizados treze compostos, sendo seis com o íon Mo(VI), quatro com o íon Ag(I) e três com o íon Pb(II). Além destes compostos, foram repreparados três compostos, (NH4)2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]H2O, (NH4)2[MoO2(C8H6O3)2] e (NH4)2[MoO3(C4H4O6)] H2O. A partir destes três complexos foram obtidos óxidos (MoO3) com áreas superficiais entre 1,0 e 3,0 m2/g. Cinco compostos da série M2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]nH2O, onde M = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ e Cs+; C2H2O3 2- = glicolato2- e n = 1 ou u, foram preparados a partir da adição de MoO3(s) em solução do sal alcalino desejado do ácido glicólico na proporção molar metal:ligante 1:2. Os compostos no estado sólido foram separados da solução por filtração após concentração e adição de etanol absoluto. Os compostos foram caracterizados por análise elementar, espectroscopia IV e difratometria de raios X. Foi realizado um estudo complementar de espectroscopia de RMN de 1H e de 13C para os compostos K2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]H2O, K2[MoO2(C8H6O3)2] e K2[MoO3(C4H4O6)]H2O. Os compostos da série M2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]nH2O são fotossensíveis à radiação UV, sendo o complexo K2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]H2O, o que apresenta maior fotossensibilidade. O composto Na2[MoO2(C4H4O5)2]uH2O foi obtido a partir de MoO3 e ácido málico utilizando-se a metodologia descrita para os compostos da série M2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]nH2O. O complexo obtido foi caracterizado por análise elementar, espectroscopia IV e difração de raios X. Com AgNO3 foram obtidos os complexos glicolato, malato, tartarato e mandelato de prata... / The aim of this work is study of solid complexes prepared by the reaction of a-hydroxycarboxilic acids or the respectives salts with molybdenum or lead oxides and silver nitrate. Glycolic (C2H4O3), malic (C4H6O5), tartaric (C4H6O6) and mandelic (C8H8O3) acids were the a-hydroxycarboxilic acids used in this work. Thirteen complexes were obtained: six complexes with Mo(VI), four complexes with Ag(I) and three complexes with Pb(II). The complexes (NH4)2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]H2O, (NH4)2[MoO2(C8H6O3)2] and (NH4)2[MoO3(C4H4O6)] H2O were prepared again in order to measure specific area of the respective oxides after calcination. These three compounds led to the formation of MoO3 with superficial area ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 m2/g. The compounds of the series M2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]nH2O, where M = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+, C2H2O3 2- = glicolate2- and n = 1 or u, were synthesized in aqueous medium by the reaction of the respective salt of the glycolic acid with molybdenum trioxide. Molar ratio of 1:2 metal:ligand was used. The solution was concentrated until the formation of a viscous product. The solid complexes were obtained by addition of ethanol. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis (C, H and O), thermal analysis (TG/DTA), infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry (powder method). An additional study using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C) was performed with K2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]H2O, K2[MoO2(C8H6O3)2] and K2[MoO3(C4H4O6)]H2O. These compounds showed to be photosensitive to the UV radiation. The complex K2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]H2O was the most photosensitive. The complex Na2[MoO2(C4H4O5)2]uH2O was obtained from MoO3 with malic acid by the use of the same methodology of synthesis of the complexes of type M2[MoO2(C2H2O3)2]nH2O. This complex was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

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