This thesis investigates monetary transmission asymmetries in CEE region. The first part addresses the role of credit growth in monetary transmission in the Czech Republic. Employing Logistic Smooth Transition Vector Autoregression model over the 1998:M1-2012:M3 period, we find that high credit growth dampens the effectiveness of monetary policy. No asymmetries in relative effects of contractionary and expansionary monetary policy shocks have been documented. In the second part, we apply the variation of Panel VAR to examine the role of financial structure in monetary transmission. The analysis is conducted on a sample of eight CEE states, encompassing the 1999:Q1-2009:Q4 period. Higher credit dependence is found to enhance the interest rate pass-through. However, cross-country asymmetries vanish when the credit dependence is interacted with the measure of banking sector competition. The ultimate role of financial structure in output and price fluctuations is indeterminable.

Traditional macroeconomics believes that confidence is not the main cause of economic fluctuations, but when faced with financial crises, monetary authorities still emphasize the role of stabilizing confidence. Although people generally agree that confidence is an important part of the transmission of macro-policies to micro- individuals, there is neither empirical evidence support nor corresponding mechanism research. This thesis attempts to answer the following questions: Does business confidence affect the effectiveness of monetary policy? Does business confidence have the same impact on monetary policy in different economic periods? This thesis first constructed a structural vector auto-regression (SVAR) model to test the role of business confidence in the transmission of monetary policy in the euro area. The empirical results show that expansionary monetary policy can effectively boost business confidence while stimulating output growth. In addition, this thesis extends the model by introducing share prices and exchange rates to investigate the role of these two important to the monetary transmission mechanism, concluding that business confidence plays a strong role in interest rate transmission and a weaker role in the transmission of asset prices and exchange rates. Subsequently, in order to...

Traditional macroeconomics believes that confidence is not the main cause of economic fluctuations, but when faced with financial crises, monetary authorities still emphasize the role of stabilizing confidence. Although people generally agree that confidence is an important part of the transmission of macro-policies to micro- individuals, there is neither empirical evidence support nor corresponding mechanism research. This thesis attempts to answer the following questions: Does business confidence affect the effectiveness of monetary policy? Does business confidence have the same impact on monetary policy in different economic periods? This thesis first constructed a structural vector auto-regression (SVAR) model to test the role of business confidence in the transmission of monetary policy in the euro area. The empirical results show that expansionary monetary policy can effectively boost business confidence while stimulating output growth. In addition, this thesis extends the model by introducing share prices and exchange rates to investigate the role of these two important to the monetary transmission mechanism, concluding that business confidence plays a strong role in interest rate transmission and a weaker role in the transmission of asset prices and exchange rates. Subsequently, in order to...

A tese tem como propósito conectar os objetivos de eficiência da indústria bancária, resiliência financeira e estabilidade macroeconômica em um arcabouço integrado e multidimensional, para entender como as fricções financeiras geram trade-offs e como políticas de intervenção do Estado, baseadas em cada uma das dimensões, interagem com os demais conceitos. É desenvolvido um modelo DSGE de escala média que descreve explicitamente o setor bancário e inclui fricções no escopo da firma e da indústria bancária em adição às rigidezes tradicionais dessa classe de modelos. Os objetivos são interpretados a partir de relações endógenas do modelo. Exercícios de comparação de estado estacionário e simulação dinâmica estocástica de ajustamento a choque contracionista de política monetária são utilizados para entender a interação conceitual. Os resultados mostram que as fricções financeiras implicam pass-through imperfeito da política monetária porque o ajustamento dentro da estrutura do passivo bancário é diferente, implicando novas condições de resiliência financeira e induzindo ganhos de eficiência tecnológica. As intervenções do Estado analisadas são as barreiras à entrada, os recolhimentos compulsórios de reservas e os requerimentos de capital. Cada política baseada em um conceito específico de intervenção modifica de maneira particular o comportamento ótimo dos bancos, com efeitos sobre os conceitos adjacentes. As consequências da pesquisa estão relacionadas à formatação de políticas coordenadas e eficazes de intervenção e indicam uma nova fronteira de estudo de políticas ótimas no escopo da Economia Bancária. / The purpose of this dissertation is to connect three banking-related concepts which are banking efficiency, financial resilience, and macroeconomic stability in a single integrated framework. It tries to understand how financial frictions settle trade-offs, whose nature and importance are investigated, and how institutional single-concept-based policies could generate untoward effects. A canonical medium-scale DSGE model is constructed featuring several banking frictions in addition to traditional real and nominal rigidities embodied in macro-models. Concepts are measured and interpreted in terms of endogenous metrics. Steady state comparisons and dynamic simulations for tighten monetary policy are performed. Results show that the concepts considered have very interesting linkages in the banking sector. Financial frictions induce an imperfect pass-through of monetary policy weather adjustments of deposits and bank capital are quite different. Changings in bank allocations and prices lead to new financial resilience conditions and efficiency gains. Institutional interventions such as barriers to entry, compulsory deposit rules and capital requirements, could impose very particular changes in bank\'s choices whose effects would spill over all the concepts. Findings lead to important issues for policy makers regarding the effectiveness and absent coordination of interventions for banking sector. Furthermore, results address a new research area of optimal policy in a multidimensional perspective.

This thesis investigates the role of the exchange rate and interest rate channels in the monetary transmission mechanism in Ukraine. The responses on the domes- tic as well as Russian economy shocks are estimated using the Vector Autoregression Model with block-exogeneity restriction. Monetary transmission did not prove to be strongly effective via neither of the estimated channels, although the exchange rate channel demonstrates the results which are more in line with the economic theory. In addition, the exchange rate channel shows the higher and more significant pass through. Further, we estimate the importance of the shocks of both home and for- eign economies for the domestic variables deviations using variance decomposition technique. The relevance of the Russian shocks in fluctuations of home variables is found out. The current estimation of the transmission mechanism is relevant due to the planned inflation targeting regime implementation in Ukraine which requires understanding of that processes in the economy. 1

This study discusses the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the different channels. The analysis is conducted using generalized impulse response functions derived from a factor-augmented vector error correction (FAVECM) model. The FAVECM methodology as developed by Lee (2009) extends the factoraugmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) model to analyze long-run and shortrun dynamics of non-stationary variables. This recenly derived FAVECM model combines the advantages of factor model and the VECM model. The estimations are conducted using 174 macroeconomic time series in monthly frequency for the period January 2000 to September 2009. Results indicate that interbank call loan rate, deposit rate and prime lending rate are conintegrated, which provides sufficient evidence of the existence of the credit channel in monetary transmission system. Other GIRF results are generally consistent of the expected monetary policy effectiveness.

This study revists Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and discusses the monetary policy transmission mechanism in exchange rate channels. The analysis is conducted using generalized impulse response functions derived from a Factor- Augmented Vector Error Correction (FAVECM) model. The FAVECM methodology as developed by Lee (2009) extends the Factor- Augmented Vector Autoregression (FAVAR) model to analyze long-run and shortrun dynamics of non-stationary variables. This recently derived FAVECM model combines the advantages of factor model and the VECM model. The estimations are conducted using 157 macroeconomic time series in monthly frequency for the period January 2000 to September 2009. Results indicate that PPP exists and expansionary devaluation effect in Taiwan. Other GIRF results are generally consistent of the expected exchange rate effectiveness.

This paper applies a Factor-augmented error correction model proposed by Banerjee. A, Marcellino. M¡]2009¡^to measure the impact of the United States¡¦ monetary policy on Taiwan. The FECM model has the following advantages. First, it has refined the dynamic factor model, since it allows us to include the error correction terms into equation. Second, we can improve FAVAR model¡¦s shortcomings, the common factor lack of economic interpretation, by using the method of Belviso. F, Milani. F¡]2006¡^. Third, the cointegration can analyze long-run and short-run dynamics of non-stationary variables. Forth, we propose the generalized impulse respone to analyze the FECM model, it doesn¡¦t require orthogonalization of shocks and is invariant to the ordering of the variables. Finally, we indeed prove the interest rate channel does exist in Taiwan and United States through the method of FECM model.

A tese tem como propósito conectar os objetivos de eficiência da indústria bancária, resiliência financeira e estabilidade macroeconômica em um arcabouço integrado e multidimensional, para entender como as fricções financeiras geram trade-offs e como políticas de intervenção do Estado, baseadas em cada uma das dimensões, interagem com os demais conceitos. É desenvolvido um modelo DSGE de escala média que descreve explicitamente o setor bancário e inclui fricções no escopo da firma e da indústria bancária em adição às rigidezes tradicionais dessa classe de modelos. Os objetivos são interpretados a partir de relações endógenas do modelo. Exercícios de comparação de estado estacionário e simulação dinâmica estocástica de ajustamento a choque contracionista de política monetária são utilizados para entender a interação conceitual. Os resultados mostram que as fricções financeiras implicam pass-through imperfeito da política monetária porque o ajustamento dentro da estrutura do passivo bancário é diferente, implicando novas condições de resiliência financeira e induzindo ganhos de eficiência tecnológica. As intervenções do Estado analisadas são as barreiras à entrada, os recolhimentos compulsórios de reservas e os requerimentos de capital. Cada política baseada em um conceito específico de intervenção modifica de maneira particular o comportamento ótimo dos bancos, com efeitos sobre os conceitos adjacentes. As consequências da pesquisa estão relacionadas à formatação de políticas coordenadas e eficazes de intervenção e indicam uma nova fronteira de estudo de políticas ótimas no escopo da Economia Bancária. / The purpose of this dissertation is to connect three banking-related concepts which are banking efficiency, financial resilience, and macroeconomic stability in a single integrated framework. It tries to understand how financial frictions settle trade-offs, whose nature and importance are investigated, and how institutional single-concept-based policies could generate untoward effects. A canonical medium-scale DSGE model is constructed featuring several banking frictions in addition to traditional real and nominal rigidities embodied in macro-models. Concepts are measured and interpreted in terms of endogenous metrics. Steady state comparisons and dynamic simulations for tighten monetary policy are performed. Results show that the concepts considered have very interesting linkages in the banking sector. Financial frictions induce an imperfect pass-through of monetary policy weather adjustments of deposits and bank capital are quite different. Changings in bank allocations and prices lead to new financial resilience conditions and efficiency gains. Institutional interventions such as barriers to entry, compulsory deposit rules and capital requirements, could impose very particular changes in bank\'s choices whose effects would spill over all the concepts. Findings lead to important issues for policy makers regarding the effectiveness and absent coordination of interventions for banking sector. Furthermore, results address a new research area of optimal policy in a multidimensional perspective.

The primary objective of this thesis is to analyse the relationship between money and the macro-economy in Sri Lanka between 1977 and 1985, in order to identify the paths through which monetary policy impulses are transmitted over this period. In doing so, - we also hope to highlight the use of macro-simulation as a tool for the analysis of the monetary transmission mechanism and to emphasise the importance of formulating monetary policy within an explicit monetary control framework. This is especially important in Sri Lanka since monetary policy has been a key instrument of demand management since 1977 and historically there has been a noticeable absence of an explicit monetary control framework. Empirical research on the monetary transmission mechanism has been very limited as far as developing countries are concerned. An exception here is the SEACEN (1981) study which simulates the effects of monetary shocks on a number of South East Asian countries, including Sri Lanka, using a flexible monetarist approach. Our research is based upon a revision of the specification of this model for Sri Lanka and a more comprehensive disaggregation of the monetary transmission channels. Our empirical model produces statistical results which are generally acceptable and conform to a Priori expectations. This model is then simulated dynamically, both, to validate the equations in the context of a complete model and to quantify the impact of alternative policy scenarios relating to the monetary transmission mechanism in Sri Lanka. We believe that our results will help to shed light on the nature of the monetary transmission mechanism in developing countries as well as provide the basis for an on-going analysis of monetary management in Sri Lanka. / Central Bank of Sri Lanka