<p>The development of a deuterium-deuterium/ tritium-deuterium (D-D/ D-T) pulsed neutron generator based on the principle of the Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PI3) technique is presented, in terms of investigating development of a compact system to generate an ultra short burst of mono-energetic neutrons (of order 1010 per second) during a short period of time (&lt / 20&mu / s) at repetition rates up to 1 kHz. The system will facilitate neutron detection techniques, such as neutron back-scattering, neutron radiography and time-of-flight activation analysis.</p> <p><br /> Aspects addressed in developing the system includes (a) characterizing the neutron spectra generated as a function of the target configuration/ design to ensure a sustained intense neutron flux for long periods of time, (b) the system was also characterised as a function of power supply operating conditions such as voltage, current, gas pressure and plasma density.</p>

The subject of this dissertation is funeral rites in the Murasaki Shikibu's novel, The Tale of Genji (Genji monogatari). The analysis of the text seeks to explore the author's depiction of the end of life, the afterlife, communication with spirits or souls of dead and to summarize the notes and descriptions of the proceedings of funeral rituals including 'before burial' and memorial ceremonies. The purpose of this dissertation is to create an overview of funeral rituals and ideas of death described in the text of Genji Monogatari. The Tale of Genji is considered a document which reflects contemporary thinking and can therefore be relied on for a study of funeral and memorial rituals. The main method used to develop the topic is a detailed analysis of theoretical, practical and aesthetic aspects of death described in the Genji Monogatari novel. The ideas of the Heian Court about death and the afterlife were mainly affecting the cult of ancestors, Shinto, Taoism, Buddhism and Shamanism, which also participated in the creation of the funeral cult. Ideas of the afterlife were also very diverse. The world of the living and the world of the dead, in the concept of old Japanese, were not strictly divided and spirits had access to all spheres of life. Communication with spirits of the living and the souls...

Les problématiques d’économie d’énergie et de diminution des pertes illustrent les limites du Si dans les composants de puissance actuels. Face à ces besoins, le GaN constitue un bon candidat pour la réalisation de nouveaux composants comme les diodes Schottky de puissance. Ainsi, le GREMAN et STMicroelectronics ont entamé une collaboration visant à réaliser une diode Schottky capable de tenir une tension de – 600 V. Or, de nombreux verrous, tels que la forte sensibilité du GaN à la température et les difficultés d’activation de zones localisées dopé de type p (Mg) subsistent encore. Cependant, nous avons mis en évidence l’efficacité de la cap-layer USG/AlN pour la protection du GaN à haute température. Concernant l’activation des dopants de type p par implantation, nous avons démontré que la réduction du « channeling » du Mg nécessite les conditions d’implantation particulière : un tilt de 10° et une épaisseur d’oxyde (USG) de pré-implantation de 200. Parallèlement, nous avons étudié deux procédés d’activation par recuit RTA, mono- et multicycles, et montré leur utilité pour l’activation du dopant. Néanmoins, ce dernier point reste à approfondir. / Energy saving and reduction of losses issues illustrate the current limits of the Si for power devices. To face these needs, GaN is a good candidate for the realization of new components such as Schottky power diodes. GREMAN and STMicroelectronics have worked together to achieve such diodes with 600 V or more breakdown voltages. However, many mandatory milestones, such as GaN temperature sensitivity and the activation problems of localized p-type doped (Mg) zones, must be faced. In this work, we have demonstrated the efficiency of an USG/AlN cap-layer for the protection of GaN facing high-temperature annealing. Concerning the capability to obtain p-type doping by ion implantation, we demonstrate that the reduction of Mg "channeling" effect is achievable using the following conditions: a tilt of 10° and a screening layer (USG) with a thickness of 200 nm. Meanwhile, we have illustrated two activation processes using RTA: single- and multi-cycles annealing. However, activation, after implantation and annealing, has to be investigated in more details.

Neste trabalho, compósitos de PET sob a forma de flake e pós-condensado foram preparados com teores diferenciados de fibra de vidro (0, 20, 30 e 40%). Dois tipos de fibra foram utilizados: uma fibra com tratamento superficial a base de amino-silano e outra com tratamento a base de epóxi-silano. Os compósitos foram extrusados em extrusora mono-rosca, utilizando uma rosca de filete duplo com barreira, e em extrusora dupla-rosca interpenetrante co-rotacional. Após extrusão, os compósitos foram injetados a 120 ºC que, após várias temperaturas testadas, foi a temperatura que conferiu maior grau de cristalinidade do artefato final (acima de 30%). Os compósitos foram caracterizados quanto às propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e morfológicas. Os resultados mostraram que com a utilização de uma mono-rosca apropriada ao processamento de PET com fibra de vidro foi possível produzir compósitos com boas propriedades, comparáveis aos obtidos em extrusora dupla-rosca. Em relação aos tipos de PET utilizados, verificou-se que a massa molar da matriz polimérica, maior para o PET pós-condensado, teve uma pequena influência no desempenho das propriedades analisadas. Porém foi observado que os resultados foram indiferentes ao tratamento superficial das fibras testadas. Através da determinação do comprimento das fibras por análise óptica, e dos resultados experimentais do módulo de tração dos compósitos, pode-se constatar que nos compósitos injetados as fibras estão orientadas no sentido longitudinal à deformação. Com a microscopia eletrônica de varredura verificou-se que há sempre uma melhor distribuição e dispersão das fibras, com menores vazios à medida que aumenta o teor de fibras, corroborando os resultados mecânicos, sempre crescentes com o teor incorporado. A cristalinidade obtida nos corpos de prova moldados por injeção com o molde a uma temperatura de 120 ºC, aliada à presença da fibra de vidro, leva a um aumento na temperatura de distorção térmica (HDT). As análises de raios-X mostraram que com o aumento da quantidade da fibra, os picos cristalinos característicos do PET perdem definição, o que está associado à característica amorfa da fibra. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-15T17:17:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Nilcea Mondadori.pdf: 5475607 bytes, checksum: 3b5580025f75099d47502055cd80fde5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-15T17:17:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Nilcea Mondadori.pdf: 5475607 bytes, checksum: 3b5580025f75099d47502055cd80fde5 (MD5) / In this work, flake and post-condensed PET composites of different glass fiber contents (0, 20, 30 and 40%) were prepared. Tow kinds of fibers were employed: one fiber having an amino silane-based surface treatment and another one having an epoxi silane-based surface treatment. The composites were extruded in a single-screw extruder with a barrier double-flight screw, and in a co-rotating interpenetrating twin-screw extruder. After extrusion the composites were injected at 120°C, this temperature being chosen after several tests indicating that it could promote the highest possible degree of crystallinity of the final product (higher than 30%). The composites were characterized as for mechanical, thermal and morphological features. Data indicate that by using a single-screw extruder proper to the processing of PET and fiber glass the properties of the obtained composites are fairly good, being comparable to those obtained from a twin-screw extruder. As for the types of PET utilized, it could be found that the molar mass of the polymeric matrix, larger for the post-condensed PET had some influence on the performance of the tested properties. On the other hand it could be observed that the surface treatment of the fibers does not influence the obtained data. Based on the optical analysis of the fiber length and the elastic modulus data it is possible to determine that the fibers of the injected composites are oriented longitudinally to the strain direction. With the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), improvements in the distribution and dispersion of the fibers were always observed, with smaller voids as the fiber content increases, backing higher mechanical data as the incorporated fiber content is increased. Crystallinity resulting from injection-molded test specimens processed at 120°C, together with the presence of the glass fiber leads to a synergism in the heat distortion temperature (HDT). X-rays analyses indicate that at higher fiber content the composites show lower definition of the crystalline peaks, this being associated to the amorphous feature of the fiber.

La compréhension et l’amélioration de l’environnement vibratoire des charges utiles demande la mise au point de démarches prédictives maîtrisées qui permettent de comprendre les phénomènes de transmission des ondes de chocs d’origine pyrotechnique dans le lanceur Ariane5. Plus particulièrement, la maîtrise du comportement transitoire des coques sandwichs en nid d’abeilles, principaux constituants de l’Adaptateur de Charges Utiles – structure porteuse des satellites, est nécessaire pour prédire les vibrations au pied des équipements électroniques des satellites et des lanceurs. Cette problématique présente un caractère multi-échelle tant d’un point de vue temporel (charge mobile supersonique, temps d’analyse) que spatial (dimensions des structures du lanceur, taille des cellules en nid d’abeilles, longueurs d’ondes liées aux hautes fréquences). Celui-ci a été traité dans cette thèse en s’appuyant d’une part, sur une qualification à la fois analytique et numérique des modèles classiques homogénéisés des plaques sandwichs en nid d’abeilles pour la gamme de fréquence mise en jeu et d’autre part, sur une application des stratégies de remaillage adaptatif pour la propagation des ondes développées dans le cadre de la méthode de Galerkin espace-temps discontinue en temps. Deux catégories de modèles de plaques épaisses ont été ainsi construites dans le but d’enrichir la cinématique classique de plaques épaisses de Mindlin-Reissner qui s’est avérée être insuffisante pour correctement représenter le comportement dynamique hors-plan des plaques sandwich en nid d’abeilles. Ainsi ont été analysés les modèles dits monocouches basés sur un enrichissement de la cinématique par ajout de degrés de liberté dans l’épaisseur, et les modèles multicouches composés d’une superposition de trois plaques avec une homogénéisation séparée des matériaux. Il a été montré que ces deux sortes de modèles améliorent la description des phénomènes de hautes fréquences, notamment ceux de flexion et de cisaillement transverse qui sont plus délicats à retranscrire. Toutes les études numériques ont été effectuées avec un code éléments finis qui emploie des solveurs adaptatifs dynamiques basés sur la méthode de Galerkin espace-temps discontinue en temps. Cette méthode d’intégration en temps introduit un amortissement numérique dépendant du pas de temps et qui peut interférer avec un amortissement physique susceptible d’être introduit dans un modèle numérique et conduire au final à un amortissement total différent de celui qui est attendu. Cette interaction a été analysée et mise en évidence dans ce travail à travers l’introduction de l’amortissement de Rayleigh dans les modèles de propagation de chocs. Les outils et les modèles de propagation ainsi développés ont été validés sur plusieurs structures académiques et industrielles. Des comparaisons avec des données expérimentales sur des structures industrielles de grande taille, plus particulièrement sur un Adaptateur de Charges Utiles d’Ariane5, sont effectuées et soulignent la cohérence de notre approche ainsi que la fiabilité et l’efficacité des modèles de propagation proposés. / Reliable and efficient numerical models for the pyrotechnic shock wave propagation in structures of the Ariane5 launcher are necessary for a good understanding and a predictive analysis of the payload vibration environment. More precisely, the correct modeling of the dynamic behaviour of the honeycomb sandwich shells, the main material composing the payload adaptor, is essential to control the vibration environment of the payload and the embarked electronic equipments and so to prevent them from damages caused by the shock wave propagation. The topic is obviously a multi-scale problem from both temporal and spatial points of view : short time intervals imposed by supersonic moving loads vs. large total time interval that the slowest waves need to travel throughout the adaptor ; very short wavelengths of high frequency waves, and very small size of the honeycomb cells vs. large structure dimensions. To take into account all involved space-time scales in a reliable and efficient way, the herein study is based both on the analytical and numerical qualification of the classical homogenized models of honeycomb sandwich shells for the frequency range introduced by the pyrotechnic shock wave, and on a dynamic solver based on the well-known space-time discontinuous Galerkin method, allowing the use of adaptive remeshes for the wave propagation. The classical Mindlin-Reissner’s kinematics of thick plates being inefficient to correctly represent the dynamic out-of-plane behaviour of the honeycomb sandwich plates, two kinds of its enrichment are considered : One-layered models based on an enrichment of the kinematics by adding degrees of freedom in the thickness, and multi-layered models composed of a superposition of three plates with separated material homogenisations. It has been shown theoretically and numerically that, both types of enrichment allow more precise descriptions of flexure and transverse shear modes in the high frequency range. However, the multi-layered models give much more promising results, as the important role played by the honeycomb core for the transverse shear behaviour of the whole sandwich is not “smeared” in a one-layered homogenized model. All the numerical studies were conducted with a finite element code which uses a dynamic solverbased on the time discontinuous space-time Galerkin method. The built-in numerical damping of this solver can interfere with a physical damping potentially introduced by the numerical model and results in a global damping totally unexpected. This interaction has been analysed and underlined in this work thanks to the introduction of the Rayleigh damping in the shock wave propagation models. Theoretical and numerical tools and propagating models thus developed have been validated on several academic and industrial structures. Comparison with experimental data on large size industrial structures, especially a real size payload adaptor, is performed and emphasizes the coherence of our approach and the reliability and the efficiency of the proposed propagating models.

Neste trabalho, compósitos de PET sob a forma de flake e pós-condensado foram preparados com teores diferenciados de fibra de vidro (0, 20, 30 e 40%). Dois tipos de fibra foram utilizados: uma fibra com tratamento superficial a base de amino-silano e outra com tratamento a base de epóxi-silano. Os compósitos foram extrusados em extrusora mono-rosca, utilizando uma rosca de filete duplo com barreira, e em extrusora dupla-rosca interpenetrante co-rotacional. Após extrusão, os compósitos foram injetados a 120 ºC que, após várias temperaturas testadas, foi a temperatura que conferiu maior grau de cristalinidade do artefato final (acima de 30%). Os compósitos foram caracterizados quanto às propriedades mecânicas, térmicas e morfológicas. Os resultados mostraram que com a utilização de uma mono-rosca apropriada ao processamento de PET com fibra de vidro foi possível produzir compósitos com boas propriedades, comparáveis aos obtidos em extrusora dupla-rosca. Em relação aos tipos de PET utilizados, verificou-se que a massa molar da matriz polimérica, maior para o PET pós-condensado, teve uma pequena influência no desempenho das propriedades analisadas. Porém foi observado que os resultados foram indiferentes ao tratamento superficial das fibras testadas. Através da determinação do comprimento das fibras por análise óptica, e dos resultados experimentais do módulo de tração dos compósitos, pode-se constatar que nos compósitos injetados as fibras estão orientadas no sentido longitudinal à deformação. Com a microscopia eletrônica de varredura verificou-se que há sempre uma melhor distribuição e dispersão das fibras, com menores vazios à medida que aumenta o teor de fibras, corroborando os resultados mecânicos, sempre crescentes com o teor incorporado. A cristalinidade obtida nos corpos de prova moldados por injeção com o molde a uma temperatura de 120 ºC, aliada à presença da fibra de vidro, leva a um aumento na temperatura de distorção térmica (HDT). As análises de raios-X mostraram que com o aumento da quantidade da fibra, os picos cristalinos característicos do PET perdem definição, o que está associado à característica amorfa da fibra. / In this work, flake and post-condensed PET composites of different glass fiber contents (0, 20, 30 and 40%) were prepared. Tow kinds of fibers were employed: one fiber having an amino silane-based surface treatment and another one having an epoxi silane-based surface treatment. The composites were extruded in a single-screw extruder with a barrier double-flight screw, and in a co-rotating interpenetrating twin-screw extruder. After extrusion the composites were injected at 120°C, this temperature being chosen after several tests indicating that it could promote the highest possible degree of crystallinity of the final product (higher than 30%). The composites were characterized as for mechanical, thermal and morphological features. Data indicate that by using a single-screw extruder proper to the processing of PET and fiber glass the properties of the obtained composites are fairly good, being comparable to those obtained from a twin-screw extruder. As for the types of PET utilized, it could be found that the molar mass of the polymeric matrix, larger for the post-condensed PET had some influence on the performance of the tested properties. On the other hand it could be observed that the surface treatment of the fibers does not influence the obtained data. Based on the optical analysis of the fiber length and the elastic modulus data it is possible to determine that the fibers of the injected composites are oriented longitudinally to the strain direction. With the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), improvements in the distribution and dispersion of the fibers were always observed, with smaller voids as the fiber content increases, backing higher mechanical data as the incorporated fiber content is increased. Crystallinity resulting from injection-molded test specimens processed at 120°C, together with the presence of the glass fiber leads to a synergism in the heat distortion temperature (HDT). X-rays analyses indicate that at higher fiber content the composites show lower definition of the crystalline peaks, this being associated to the amorphous feature of the fiber.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-06-14T11:09:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Luiz Henrique Reis de Jesus - 2017.pdf: 3311759 bytes, checksum: 20e4044376c2666f102131892f7b3fc2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-06-14T11:09:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Luiz Henrique Reis de Jesus - 2017.pdf: 3311759 bytes, checksum: 20e4044376c2666f102131892f7b3fc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T11:09:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Luiz Henrique Reis de Jesus - 2017.pdf: 3311759 bytes, checksum: 20e4044376c2666f102131892f7b3fc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-15 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This dissertation of master degree describes an approach of the interactive optimization process associate to the Evolution Strategies method for the evaluation of the loudspeaker optimization project, with the objective to present the advantages achieved after the user interventions throughout the optimization process. Its development is based on the methodology of the Evolution Strategies characterized by the concept of natural selection, which uses combination and mutation methods to generate new individuals. However, for greater efficiency in the responses of the objective function, as well as the reduction in its convergence time, the optimization process requires interventions in stabilization of local minima and maxima. In the interventions made available to the user, will be considered manipulations in the operators of mutation and combination, mutation of the parameters of self-adaptation, as well as the change of objective and the variation of their respective restriction. As a differential, an interface was developed to make feasible the user interventions applied to the optimization process, as well as the monitoring of the entire process. In this work, also evaluated optimization test functions with the objective of validating the proposed methodology. / Esta dissertação de mestrado descreve uma abordagem do processo de otimização interativa associado ao método das Estratégias de Evolução para a avaliação do projeto de otimização do alto-falante, com o objetivo de apresentar as vantagens alcançadas após as intervenções do usuário ao longo do processo de otimização. Seu desenvolvimento é baseado na metodologia das Estratégias de Evolução caracterizada pelo conceito de seleção natural, o qual utiliza de métodos de combinação e mutação para a geração de novos indivíduos. No entanto, para maior eficiência nas respostas a função objetivo, bem como a redução em seu tempo de convergência, o processo de otimização necessita de intervenções em estabilizações de mínimos e máximos locais. Nas intervenções disponibilizadas ao usuário, serão consideradas manipulações nos operadores de mutação e combinação, mutação dos parâmetros de auto-adaptação, bem como a mudança de objetivo e a variação de sua respectiva restrição. Como diferencial, foi desenvolvida uma interface para viabilizar as intervenções do usuário aplicadas ao processo de otimização, bem como o acompanhamento de todo o processo. Neste trabalho, também foram avaliadas funções de teste de otimização com o objetivo de validar a metodologia proposta.

Face aux exigences concurrentielles et économiques actuelles dans le secteur automobile, l'emboutissage a l'avantage, comme étant un procédé de mise en forme par grande déformation, de produire, en grandes cadences, des pièces de meilleure qualité géométrique par rapport aux autres procédés de fabrication mécanique. Cependant, il présente des difficultés de mise en œuvre, cette dernière s'effectue généralement dans les entreprises par la méthode classique d'essai-erreur, une méthode longue et très coûteuse. Dans la recherche, le recours à la simulation du procédé par la méthode des éléments finis est une alternative. Elle est actuellement une des innovations technologiques qui cherche à réduire le coût de production et de réalisation des outillages et facilite l'analyse et la résolution des problèmes liés au procédé. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, l'objectif est de prédire et de prévenir, particulièrement, le retour élastique et la rupture. Ces deux problèmes sont les plus répandus en emboutissage et présentent une difficulté en optimisation puisqu'ils sont antagonistes. Une pièce mise en forme par emboutissage à l'aide d'un poinçon sous forme de croix a fait l'objet de l'étude. Nous avons envisagé, d'abord, d'analyser la sensibilité des deux phénomènes concernés par rapport à deux paramètres caractéristiques du procédé d'emboutissage (l'épaisseur du flan initial et de la vitesse du poinçon), puis par rapport à quatre (l'épaisseur du flan initial, de la vitesse du poinçon, l'effort du serre flan et le coefficient du frottement) et finalement par rapport à la forme du contour du flan. Le recours à des méta-modèles pour optimiser les deux critères était nécessaire. / The processing of sheet metal forming is of vital importance to a large range of industries as production of car bodies, cans, appliances, etc. It generates complex and precise parts. Although, it is an involved technology combining elastic-plastic bending and stretch deformation of the workpiece. These deformations can lead to undesirable problems in the desired shape and performance of the stamped. To perform a successful stamping process and avoid shape deviations such as springback and failure defects, process variables should be optimized.In the present work, the objective is the prediction and the prevention of, especially, springback and failure. These two phenomena are the most common problems in stamping process that present much difficulties in optimization since they are two conflicting objectives. The forming test studied in this thesis concern the stamping of an industrial workpiece stamped with a cross punch. To solve this optimization problem, the approach chosen was based on the hybridization of an heuristic and a direct descent method. This hybridization is designed to take advantage from both disciplines, stochastic and deterministic, in order to improve the robustness and the efficiency of the hybrid algorithm. For the multi-objective problem, we adopt methods based on the identification of Pareto front. To have a compromise between the convergence towards the front and the manner in which the solutions are distributed, we choose two appropriate methods. This methods have the capability to capture the Pareto front and have the advantage of generating a set of Pareto-optimal solutions uniformly spaced. The last property can be of important and practical.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude expérimentale des propriétés magnéto-optiques intrinsèques des nanotubes de carbone mono-paroi par spectroscopie de photoluminescence résolue en temps.Un dispositif de microscopie optique confocale de grande ouverture numérique (NA = 0.95),incluant un cryostat magnétique, permet l’étude de nanotubes suspendus à l’échelle individuelle,à température cryogénique (jusqu’à 2 Kelvin) et sous champ magnétique (jusqu’à 7 Tesla). L’évolution des spectres et des déclins de photoluminescence avec le champ magnétique montre l’influence de l’effet Aharonov-Bohm sur les deux excitons singulets de plus basse énergie, c’est à-dire l’exciton fondamental qui est optiquement inactif (exciton noir) et un exciton d’énergie supérieure séparé de quelques milliélectronvolts qui est optiquement actif (exciton brillant). L’interprétation de ces résultats à partir d’un modèle d’équations de taux qui intègre le couplage Aharonov-Bohm entre ces deux excitons permet de déterminer séparément les durées de vie excitoniques et de fournir des informations quantitatives sur la relaxation de l’énergie depuis les niveaux supérieurs photo-excités. La relaxation de l’énergie suite à la photo-excitation de la transition S22 conduit à une efficacité de peuplement de l’état brillant quatre fois plus faible que celle de l’état noir, mais qui augmente significativement lorsque la relaxation se produit depuis les niveaux excitoniques KK’. D’autre part, le bon rapport signal à bruit obtenu dans les spectres de photoluminescence permet de révéler l’existence d’un couplage intrinsèque en champ nul entre l’exciton noir et l’exciton brillant ainsi que le maintien de la mobilité excitonique dans les nanotubes suspendus à la température de l’hélium liquide. / This thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of the intrinsic magneto-optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes through time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Measurements are performed on suspended nanotubes samples at the single-object level using a home-built confocal optical microscope with a large numerical aperture (NA = 0.95) operating at cryogenic temperature (down to 2K) and high magnetic field (up to 7T). The evolution of the photoluminescence spectra and decay signals with increasing magnetic fields shows the influence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect on the two lowest-energy singlet excitons, namely the ground exciton which is optically inactive (dark exciton) and an exciton lying a few millielectron volts higher in energy which is optically active (bright exciton). A model of these results based on rate equations and including the Aharonov-Bohm coupling between these two excitons enables to determine separately the excitons lifetimes and to derive quantitative information on the energy relaxation from the photo-excited higher levels. The energy relaxation following the photo-excitation of the S22 transition leads to a bright state population efficiency four times lower than that of the dark state, but it significantly increases when energy relaxation occurs from the KK’ excitonic levels. Thanks to a good signal to noise ratio, the photoluminescence spectra also reveal the presence of an intrinsic zero-field coupling between the dark and the brightexcitons, as well as an excitonic mobility preserved at liquid helium temperature in suspended nanotubes.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The development of a deuterium-deuterium/ tritium-deuterium (D-D/ D-T) pulsed neutron generator based on the principle of the Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PI3) technique is presented, in terms of investigating development of a compact system to generate an ultra short burst of mono-energetic neutrons (of order 1010 per second) during a short period of time (< 20μs) at repetition rates up to 1 kHz. The system will facilitate neutron detection techniques, such as neutron back-scattering, neutron radiography and time-of-flight activation analysis. Aspects addressed in developing the system includes (a) characterizing the neutron spectra generated as a function of the target configuration/ design to ensure a sustained intense neutron flux for long periods of time, (b) the system was also characterised as a function of power supply operating conditions such as voltage, current, gas pressure and plasma density. / South Africa