This diploma thesis deals with the design of a new building of the municipal office building in Bludov, at the level of design documentation for the construction. The building consists mainly of offices for the operation of the municipal office, on the first floor there is a municipal library for the public. The building is designed on a slightly sloping plot with entrance from the east side. The building consists of three above-ground floors and one underground floor. Design documentation for building construction is processed in the computer program ArchiCAD.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a crematory with two ceremonial halls. Building is situated on the high point, distanced from the surrounding buildings. There is a cemetery located five hundred meters from the crematory. Crematory is designed as a modern building, which has one above-ground floor from the most part, except of the large ceremonial hall that has two above-ground floors. This hall is a symbol of this structure. Vertical load-bearing system of exterior walls is 300mm wide made of Porotherm ceramic pieces, with exception of large ceremonial hall designed from reinforced concrete. Non-load bearing wall system is also made from Porotherm ceramic pieces. Roof is designed as a prefabricated rib-and-filler floor, except of the elevated part of large ceremonial hall designed from mono truss girders. The building is supported by the wall footing concrete system combined with the spread footing concrete system under the columns.

Nous présentons des approches théoriques et numériques pour deux dynamiques irréversibles et parallèles sur des modèles de mécanique statistique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous présentons les résultats théoriques sur un système de particules induite par une chaîne de Markov irréversible, à savoir le TASEP. Permettant des multiples retournements de spin \`à chaque itération, nous définissons un modèle avec une dynamique parallèle appartenant à la famille des PCA et nous dérivons sa mesure stationnaire. Dans ce cadre, nous traitons {\it le problème du blocage}, {\it i.e.} comprendre les effets d’une perturbation localisée dans le taux de transition des particules sur des systèmes irréversibles: le problème du blocage. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous présentons une version unidimensionnelle du modèle d'Ising avec potentiel de Kac. Nous définissons une PCA avec une interaction asymétrique et nous trouvons sa mesure stationnaire avec condition aux limites périodique.Ensuite, nous prouvons la convergence, dans la limite thermodynamique, de cette mesure stationnaire vers la mesure de Gibbs pour toutes les températures supérieures à la température critique via les estimations de F\"ollmer et le théorème d'unicité de Dobrushin. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous étudions ces deux dynamiques à travers des expériences numériques. Dans le cas du TASEP en exploitant des processeurs graphiques (GPU) et CUDA pour identifier une estimation raisonnable du {temps de m\'elange} et renforcer la conjecture qu’à la fois dans la version, la règle de mise à jour série ou parallèle, le courant peut ne pas être analytique dans l’intensité du blocage autour de la valeur $ \varepsilon = 0 $ / In this thesis we present theoretical and numerical approaches for two irreversible and parallel dynamics on one-dimensional statistical mechanics models. In the first chapter we present theoretical results on a particles system driven by an irreversible Markov chain namely the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP). Allowing multiples spin-flips in each time-step we define a model with a parallel dynamics that belongs to the family of the probabilistic cellular automata (PCA) and we derive its stationary measure. In this framework we deal with {\it the blockage problem}, {\it i.e.} to understand the effects of a localized perturbation in the transition rates of the particles on irreversible systems: the blockage problem. In the second chapter we present a one-dimensional version of the Ising model with Kac potential. Again we define a PCA dynamics with asymmetric interaction between particles and we find its stationary measure for periodic boundary condition. Then we prove the convergence, in the thermodynamic limit, of such stationary measure to the Gibbs measure for all temperatures above the critical one via F\"ollmer estimates and dobrushin's uniqueness theorem. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate these two dynamics through numerical experiments.In the case of the TASEP we exploit general purpose graphical processors unit (GPGPU) writing a parallel code in CUDA to identify a reasonable {\it mixing time} and reinforce the conjecture that in both version, serial or parallel update rule, the current may be non-analytic in the blockage intensity around the value $\varepsilon = 0$

Kamerabasierte Verfahren zur Steuerung autonomer mobiler Roboter wurden in den letzten Jahren immer populärer. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einsatz eines Stereokamerasystems und eines Mono-Kamera-SLAM Verfahrens hinsichtlich der Unterstützung der Navigation eines autonomen Luftschiffes untersucht. Mit Hilfe von Sensordaten aus IMU, GPS und Kamera wird eine Positionsschätzung über eine Sensorfusion mit Hilfe des Extended und des Unscented Kalman Filters durchgeführt.

Prior to European settlement, black bear (Ursus americanus) were far less abundant in the state of California. Estimates from statewide harvest data indicate the California black bear population has tripled in the last 3 decades. Bears inhabit areas they formally never occurred (e.g., urban environments) and populations that were at historically low densities are now at high densities. Though harvest data are useful and widely used as an index for black bear population size and population demographics statewide, it lacks the ability to produce precise estimates of abundance and density at local scales or account for the numerous bears living in non-hunted areas. As the human population continues to expand into wildlife habitat, we are being forced to confront controversial issues about wildlife management and conservation. Habituated bears living in non-hunted, urban areas have been and continue to be a major concern for wildlife managers and the general public. My objective was to develop DNA-based capture-mark-recapture (CMR) survey techniques in wildland and urban environments in Mono County, California to acquire population size and density at local scales from 2010 to 2012. I also compared population density between the urban and wildland environment. To my knowledge, DNA-based CMR surveys for bears have only been implemented in wildland or rural environments. I made numerous modifications to the techniques used during wildland DNA-based CMR surveys to survey bears in an urban environment. I used a higher density of hair-snares than typically used in wildland studies, non-consumable lures, modified hair-snares for public safety, included the public throughout the entire process, and surveyed in the urban-wildland interface as well as the city center. These methods were efficient and accurate while maintaining human safety. I determined that there is likely a difference in population density between the urban and wildland environments. Population density was 1.6 to 2.5 times higher in the urban study area compared to the wildland study area. Considering the negative impacts urban environments can have on wildland bear populations, this is a serious management concern. The densities I found were similar to those found in other urban and wildland black bear populations. The baseline data acquired from this study can be used as part of a long-term monitoring effort. By surveying additional years, population vital rates such as apparent survival, recruitment, movement, and finite rate of population change can be estimated.

No description available.

[pt] A energia é o principal motor para o desenvolvimento econômico, sendo um elemento chave para o alcance das metas climáticas estipuladas até 2050. Entre as diversas maneiras relacionadas à mitigação dos impactos causados pelo uso ineficiente de energia das edificações, destacam-se a substituição de combustíveis fósseis por fontes de energia limpa e a redução do consumo energético pelo lado da demanda. Neste contexto, sistemas fotovoltaicos integrados a edificações surgem como uma solução arquitetônica promissora por atingir ambos os objetivos em uma só intervenção. Contudo, não há estudos relacionados ao impacto desta tecnologia no desempenho energético de edificações considerando o contexto climático brasileiro, sendo este então o escopo deste trabalho. A metodologia proposta envolve simulações com o software Rhinoceros, os plugins Ladybug e Honeybee, que realizam análises sob aspectos ambientais, e o Grasshopper, cuja função é realizar otimização mono-objetivo. Para edificações simuladas com apenas uma fachada fotovoltaica sendo implementada, foi possível obter a redução de até 14,39 porcento da demanda energética, considerando a geração adicionada à conservação de energia. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a redução da demanda de energia alcançou a marca de 24,04 porcento com quatro fachadas de fotovoltaica implementada. Apesar de alguns contextos climáticos se mostrarem mais vantajosos, ressalta-se que foram detectadas reduções na demanda energética em todas as cidades investigadas, sendo então a integração de sistemas fotovoltaicos orgânicos a edificações uma medida eficaz de conservação e geração de eletricidade. / [en] In a global context where climate change has been in evidence, research related to technologies which aim to reduce the damages caused by global warming have been increasing. Since energy is the engine to sustainable economic development, it is considered a key element to reach the goals set by the Paris Climate Agreement. The strategies to manage energy in a sustainable way can be divided in two fields: using clean energy, rather than fossil fuels like coal; and by reducing the energy demanded by consumers. In Brazil, buildings are responsible for 50.5 percent of the energy demand (Lira et al., 2019) and when analyzing commercial buildings, it is stated that HVAC systems take up to 40.3 percent of all the energy consumed (PROCEL, 2008). Such number is expected to increase up to three times until 2050 and is considered one of the blind spots of energy efficiency policies (IEA, 2018). Although Brazil has national energy efficiency policies, such as the Technical Quality Regulation for the Buildings Energy Efficiency Level – RTQ (acronym for the Portuguese term Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade para o Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edificações) the use of HVAC systems and its energy demand is not emphasized and newer technologies such as solar energy are considered a bonus. Such gap is because the RTQ was first published in 2010, while the generation of photovoltaic energy was only regulated in 2012. Photovoltaic energy has a remarkable potential in Brazil, especially in the north and northeast regions due to its high irradiation levels (INPE, 2017). In on-grid systems, it is possible to lend the exceeded energy generated and have its compensation in a 1:1 proportion when needed, which not only reduces system losses, but also is able to increase the number of photovoltaic facilities. Another possibility is the partition of the energy generated by a photovoltaic system between multiple people in the same building which had consequently the incentive of building integrated photovoltaics. Building integrated photovoltaics, also known as BIPV, can be defined as the substitution of an element of the building envelope by another with photovoltaic cells. Recent studies have shown that building integrated photovoltaics are not only capable of generating energy, but due to thermal properties of solar cells compared to regular materials, there is also a reduction in HVAC demand, especially air-conditioning. Photovoltaic cells are usually integrated in windows, but can also be used in skylights, curtainwalls, shading devices and walls (Eisenschmid, 2008). Such variety is possible due to the development of new technologies, which are lighter and semi-transparent (Lynn, Mohanty and Wittkopf, 2012). One example is organic photovoltaic cells (OPV), which Brazil is one of the leading producers worldwide. Therefore, it is a technology with a considerable potential in the country not only due to its availability but also of skilled labor for installation and maintenance.

The lifetime prevalence of alcohol in the United States is 8% and lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use is about 2-3%. Substance use is common among adolescents and polysubstance use is becoming a public health threat. The prevalence of adolescent physical dating violence was 8.2%, the prevalence of adolescent sexual violence was also 8.2% while the prevalence of dual adolescent physical and sexual violence was 2.6%. Compared to those who used only single substances, adolescents who did not use any substance were 60% less likely (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24 – 0.74) to experience physical dating violence, 50% less likely (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.31 – 0.66) to experience sexual dating violence and 70% less likely (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16– 0.69) to have experienced both physical and sexual dating violence. The prevalence of adolescent criminal arrests was 17.2%. Adolescents who combined select illicit drugs with alcohol were 1.7 times more likely to be arrested (OR = 1.66 ,95% CI = 1.49 – 1.85). Adolescents who used both select illicit drugs and marijuana were 1.5 times (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.46 – 1.65) more likely to be arrested than those who used only select illicit drugs. Also, adolescents who used all three substances (select illicit drugs, alcohol and marijuana) were 1.6 times (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.50 – 1.75) more likely to be arrested than those who used only select illicit drugs. The prevalence of weapon-related injuries was 7.4%. Adolescents who did not use substances were 50% less likely (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.29 – 0.75, p The odds of dating violence, criminal arrests and weapon-related were higher with polysubstance use than with either mono-substance or no substance use. Therefore, prevention of substance use may be beneficial in reducing these public health concerns.

Technology advances each day, with every advancement new and improved products are accompanied. Robots come in various shapes and sizes, from the size of a fly to the size of a human being. The purpose of this project is to further our understanding in how to build a robot, more specifically, a mono wheeled robot and design control systems enabling it to balance by itself. The robot is a one-wheeler with ducted fans on top. It is to balance with the help of the wheel in one direction and with ducted fans in the perpendicular direction.The robot succeeded in balancing with the wheel. However with help of the fans the robot only managed to balance for approximately 20 seconds. Analysing the frequency content from figures 5.2, 5.4, 5.3 resulted in finding frequencies under 1Hz being dominant in the output signals from the control system, observing this a clear oscillation frequency was only determined for the ducted fan system while the wheel system was non periodic. The study concluded that one cannot stabilize the control systems individually because that can lead to disturbances for the other. The results showed that even though the wheel’s control system was stable, it was affected by the second control system, causing disturbances. / För varje dag som går tar tekniken ett steg frammåt, hela tiden med nya och förbättrade produkter. Robotar kommer i olika former och storlekar, från storleken av en insekt till storleken av en människa. Syftet med detta projekt är att utvidga förståelsen över hur man bygger en robot, mer specifikt, en enhjulig robot samt hur man konstruerar ett reglersystem för att få roboten att balansera på egen hand. Roboten är en enhjuling med fläktar. Syftet är att bygga och programmera den till att balansera på egen hand, i ena riktningen med hjulet och i andra riktningen med fläktarna. Roboten lyckades balansera med hjälp av hjulet, men med fläktsystemet balancerade roboten endast i cirka 20 sekunder. Med hjäp av frekvenspspekrumen i figurer 5.2, 5.4, 5.3 försöktes en oscillationsfrekvens och periodtid tas fram, detta erhölls endast för fläktsystemet då hjulsystemet inte gav en tydlig oscillationsfrekvens. Slutsatsen som drogs var att det inte går att stabilisera de individuella systemen separat och sedan kombinera dem. Detta på grund av att det leder till att det ena systemet riskerar att agera som en störsignal till det andra systemet.

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