O projeto de obtenção de huAcMos (Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados) tinha como escopo a humanização de anticorpos murinos com potencial terapêutico, inserção das sequências em vetores de expressão e transfecção em células CHO (do inglês, Chinese Hamster Ovary). A expressão do huAcMo Anti-CD18 resultou em baixos níveis da proteína recombinante e inciamos o processo de expressão de isoformas do huAcMo Anti-CD3. As células foram transfectadas com seqüências codificadoras do fragmento FvFc Anti-CD3 e clonadas pelo equipamento ClonePix FL. O fragmento foi caracterizado e demonstrou uma menor afinidade quando comparada com a molécula murina original. Ulizamos o sistema de recombinação homóloga (CHO Flp-In, Invitrogen) para expressão da molécula inteira do huAcMo Anti-CD3. Os clones foram caracterizados e demonstrou, assim como o fragmento FvFc, uma menor afinidade pelo alvo. As diferenças nas propriedades de ligação são freqüentemente encontradas após processos de humanização; dependendo da função efetora esta diminuição de afinidade não é negativa para a molécula. / The humanized antibodies (huMab) project intent to use murine antibodies with therapeutic potencial to obtain more human sequences with maintened specificity. The sequences were inserted in expression vectors and transfected in CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells. Anti-CD18 huMab expression results in low levels of recombinant protein and lead us to try the expression of Anti-CD3 isoforms. The cells were transfected for the expression of a FvFc antibody fragment and cloned using ClonePix FL equipment. The fragment characterization demonstrate a lower affinity when compared with the murine molecule. We use the homologous recombination system (CHO Flp-In) for the expression of the whole molecule of huMab Anti-CD3; like the FvFc fragment, the whole molecule demonstrate a lower affinity for the target. The differences in the affinity properties are frequently found after humanization process and depending on the expected efector functions is not negatively characterized.

O projeto de obtenção de huAcMos (Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados) tinha como escopo a humanização de anticorpos murinos com potencial terapêutico, inserção das sequências em vetores de expressão e transfecção em células CHO (do inglês, Chinese Hamster Ovary). A expressão do huAcMo Anti-CD18 resultou em baixos níveis da proteína recombinante e inciamos o processo de expressão de isoformas do huAcMo Anti-CD3. As células foram transfectadas com seqüências codificadoras do fragmento FvFc Anti-CD3 e clonadas pelo equipamento ClonePix FL. O fragmento foi caracterizado e demonstrou uma menor afinidade quando comparada com a molécula murina original. Ulizamos o sistema de recombinação homóloga (CHO Flp-In, Invitrogen) para expressão da molécula inteira do huAcMo Anti-CD3. Os clones foram caracterizados e demonstrou, assim como o fragmento FvFc, uma menor afinidade pelo alvo. As diferenças nas propriedades de ligação são freqüentemente encontradas após processos de humanização; dependendo da função efetora esta diminuição de afinidade não é negativa para a molécula. / The humanized antibodies (huMab) project intent to use murine antibodies with therapeutic potencial to obtain more human sequences with maintened specificity. The sequences were inserted in expression vectors and transfected in CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells. Anti-CD18 huMab expression results in low levels of recombinant protein and lead us to try the expression of Anti-CD3 isoforms. The cells were transfected for the expression of a FvFc antibody fragment and cloned using ClonePix FL equipment. The fragment characterization demonstrate a lower affinity when compared with the murine molecule. We use the homologous recombination system (CHO Flp-In) for the expression of the whole molecule of huMab Anti-CD3; like the FvFc fragment, the whole molecule demonstrate a lower affinity for the target. The differences in the affinity properties are frequently found after humanization process and depending on the expected efector functions is not negatively characterized.

High grade aggressive lymphomas have high mortality. By their nature, more than 40% of patients die from these diseases even with the improved treatment strategies currently available for oncology patients. The characteristic feature is that they are functionally heterogeneous and therefore have different biological and molecular signatures which make it difficult for all groups to respond to same line of treatment. Based on the above, I set out to look at the impact of viral and cellular gene products on these groups of diseases: In chapter 3 I developed monoclonal antibodies against HERV‐K10. I subsequently investigated their expressions in aggressive lymphomas including Diffuse Large B‐cell lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Primary CNS lymphomas. I showed HERV‐K10 is expressed in cell lines of aggressive lymphomas, but not in paraffin‐embedded tissues. In chapter 4 I showed that the expression of ATM using immune‐histochemistry techniques in aggressive lymphomas does offer a guide to prognosis and treatment. Nearly 30% of Diffuse Large B‐cell lymphomas express ATM, 55% of Hodgkin’s lymphomas and more than 80% of Primary CNS lymphomas. I also showed there is a correlation of ATM expression and EBV‐driven aggressive lymphomas and that this has a poor prognostic significance. Chapter 5 analysed the results obtained by generating, validating and evaluating data base of DLBCL and PCNSL from a retrospective cohort over a 17‐year period. The results confirmed that prognostic indicators including ATM, S1PR2, Autotaxin and EBV using immuno‐histochemistry techniques help with categorising aggressive lymphomas into different prognostic groups and does influence future management. In summary, my results showed there is a critical place for immuno‐histochemistry techniques in convincingly helping understand the expressions of viral and cellular gene products in aggressive lymphomas and in contributing positively to their management.