Spelling suggestions: "subject:"antivirales""
1 |
Méthyltransférases des filovirus et autres mononégavirus : caractérisation, originalités et drug design / Filovirus and other mononegavirus methyltransferases : characterization, originalities and drug designMartin, Baptiste 10 November 2017 (has links)
Les virus appartenant à l’ordre des Mononegavirales possèdent une « large » protéine L, responsable du cycle réplication/transcription et de maturation des ARNs. Six domaines conservés portent les différentes activités de cette protéine dont le site catalytique d’une activité méthyltransférase (MTase) de la coiffe. La coiffe est une structure chimique constituée d’une guanosine méthylée en position N7 reliée à l’extrémité 5’ des ARNm par une liaison 5’-5’ triphosphate. Une seconde méthylation est également présente en position 2’O du ribose du premier nucléotide de l’extrémité 5’ de l’ARNm. Ces méthylations ont un rôle critique chez les virus car elles permettent la traduction efficace des ARNm mais permettent également aux ARNs viraux d’échapper à leur détection par l’immunité innée de l’hôte. Ainsi, la caractérisation de ce domaine chez le virus Ebola serait un point clé pour une meilleure compréhension de la réplication des filovirus et un pas vers l’élaboration d’une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique. Nous avons donc produit le domaine MTase du virus Soudan (SUDV) afin de caractériser son activité. Il a été démontré que le domaine C-terminal de la protéine L joue un rôle dans le recrutement de l’ARN, crucial pour l’activité MTase. Nous avons pu identifier une activité A-2’O MTase interne originale. Le domaine MTase de SUDV est également capable de méthyler les positions N7 et 2’O de la coiffe mais une caractérisation plus approfondie est nécessaire. Enfin, nous avons identifié des molécules inhibant l’activité MTase des filovirus. Une analyse biochimique plus poussée permettra d’initier le développement d’une nouvelle stratégie antivirale contre le virus Ebola. / In the Mononegavirales order, viruses encode a large protein (L), which is responsible for replication/transcription and RNA modifications. This protein harbours six conserved domains accountable of these different activities. Among these domains, the conserved region VI (CRVI) has been predicted to support cap-methyltransferase (MTase) activity. The cap consists in a N7-methylated guanosine linked to the first nucleotide at the mRNA 5'-end by a 5'-5' triphosphate bond. This structure can also be methylated at the 2'O position of N1 ribose. These methylations play a critical role in virus life cycle as N7 methylation triggers efficient viral RNA translation and 2'O methylation hampers the detection of viral RNA by the host innate immunity. Thus, the characterization of this domain in Ebola virus is a key point to understand replication of mononegaviruses and design new antiviral strategies. We produced the MTase domain of Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) to characterize its MTase activity. We demonstrated that the protruding C-terminal domain is essential for MTase activity as this domain is a key for the RNA recognition. Using synthetic short RNAs holding different cap structures, we discovered that SUDV MTase harbours an unconventional A-2’O MTase activity. Besides this, the MTase domain is able to methylate the cap structure at N7 and 2'O positions but further characterization would be necessary to fully understand the cap synthesis. Finally, we identified compounds limiting the Ebola virus MTase activity. Further biochemistry and compounds characterization results will thus pave the way towards the development of an innovative antiviral strategy.
|
2 |
Dual Promoters Improve the Rescue of Recombinant Measles Virus in Human CellsChey, Soroth, Palmer, Juliane Maria, Doerr, Laura, Liebert, Uwe Gerd 09 May 2023 (has links)
Reverse genetics is a technology that allows the production of a virus from its complementary DNA (cDNA). It is a powerful tool for analyzing viral genes, the development of novel vaccines, and gene delivery vectors. The standard reverse genetics protocols are laborious, time-consuming, and inefficient for negative-strand RNA viruses. A new reverse genetics platform was established, which increases the recovery efficiency of the measles virus (MV) in human 293-3-46 cells. The novel features compared with the standard system involving 293-3-46 cells comprise (a) dual promoters containing the RNA polymerase II promoter (CMV) and the bacteriophage T7 promoter placed in uni-direction on the same plasmid to enhance RNA transcription; (b) three G nucleotides added just after the T7 promoter to increase the T7 RNA polymerase activity; and (c) two ribozymes, the hairpin hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz), and the hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (HDVrz), were used to cleavage the exact termini of the antigenome RNA. Full-length antigenome cDNA of MV of the wild type IC323 strain or the vaccine AIK-C strain was inserted into the plasmid backbone. Both virus strains were easily rescued from their respective cloned cDNA. The rescue efficiency increased up to 80% compared with the use of the standard T7 rescue system. We assume that this system might be helpful in the rescue of other human mononegavirales.
|
Page generated in 0.0601 seconds