The thesis is specialized in the creation of teaching aids for preschool and early school age children. The work consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is characterized by psychological human development with an emphasis on the development of preschool and early school age children. The thesis is focused on the life and work of reform pedagogue Maria Montessori. The theoretical part is discussed about learning, the use of educational games and educational aids. In educational process is very important a teacher. The practical part consists of teaching aids - the alphabet, numbers, and developing a sense of small tasks which are normally used in dressing up.

En la actualidad, se ha observado que la autonomía en los niños presenta un desafío considerable, ya que los padres tienden a sobreprotegerlos y no le permiten desarrollar su independencia. Debido a esta situación identificada surge la propuesta de un programa “DESCUBRIENDO LO QUE SOY” para potenciar la autonomía en niños de una institución educativa inicial. Se empleó la metodología del enfoque cuantitativo, siendo una investigación descriptiva propositiva, no experimental, para la recolección de datos se utilizó una ficha de observación, instrumento que nos permitió medir el nivel actual de desarrollo de la autonomía. La población estuvo conformada por 48 niños de 5 años, como resultados encontramos que del total de niños evaluados 79% de ellos carecen de identidad personal, asimismo en la dimensión de seguridad física y emocional con el 67%, el 71% en la dimensión de socialización y 69% en independencia encontrándose en un nivel medio, se denota que en el desarrollo de la autonomía en cada una de sus dimensiones prevaleció porcentajes mayores al 50% en una escala media por lo que se requiere potenciar tomando en cuenta un método que provee de material necesario, divertido, exploratorio, otros. Llegando a la conclusión, que se debe proponer la implementación de un programa basado en el método Montessori, el cual favorecerá el desarrollo de habilidades sociales, emocionales y cognitivas en los niños, mejorando su autoestima, motivación y capacidad de aprendizaje. / Currently, it has been observed that autonomy in children presents a considerable challenge, since parents tend to overprotect them and do not allow them to develop their independence. Due to this identified situation, the proposal for a program “DISCOVERING WHAT I AM” arises to enhance autonomy in children from an initial educational institution. The quantitative approach methodology was used, being a purposeful, non-experimental descriptive research. An observation sheet was used to collect data, an instrument that allowed us to measure the current level of development of autonomy. The population was made up of 48 5-year-old children, as results we found that of the total number of children evaluated, 79% of them lack personal identity, also in the dimension of physical and emotional security with 67%, 71% in the dimension of socialization and 69% in independence, being at a medium level, it is denoted that in the development of autonomy in each of its dimensions, percentages greater than 50% prevailed on a medium scale, which is why it is required to enhance taking into account a method that provides of necessary, fun, exploratory material, etc. Coming to the conclusion that the implementation of a program based on the Montessori method should be proposed, which will favor the development of social, emotional and cognitive skills in children, improving their self-esteem, motivation and learning capacity.

Šiuo metu plačiai diskutuojama apie ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigos pokyčius bei rezultatus. Didelė ugdymo programų įvairovė. Todėl didelis dėmesys skiriamas ugdymo kokybės užtikrinimui, diegiama patikima ugdymo turinio vertinimo sistema. Vis didesnis dėmesys skiriamas ugdymo programų kūrimui, netradiciniams ugdymo metodams, tame tarpe ir M. Montessori pedagoginei sistemai. Tačiau dar neatskleista priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės samprata M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje. Šio baigiamojo darbo tikslas – atskleisti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės sampratą M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje. Tyrimo objektas: Priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės samprata. Tyrimu siekta: 1. Apibrėžti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio sampratą remiantis „laisvojo ugdymo paradigma“. 2. Atskleisti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės ypatumus. 3. Išskirti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės kriterijus M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje. 4. Identifikuoti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės kriterijų raišką M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje. Tyrimo rezultatų pagrindu suformuluotos tyrimo išvados: Priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybei M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje ypatingą reikšmę turi vaiko amžių atitinkanti ugdomoji aplinka ir priemonės. Priemonės skiriamos individualiems gebėjimams lavinti. Priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybę sąlygoja ugdytojo - santūraus stebėtojo, tyrinėtojo, kuris stengiasi nesikišti į vaiko veiklą samprata. Įgyvendinant ugdymo turinį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The changes and the outcomes in the pre-school educational institutions are being widely discussed nowadays. The variety of the educational systems used is being of a wide scale. Therefore, a considerable attention is being admitted to the achievement of the educational quality and the introduction of the plausible evaluation system of the educational content. A growing attention is being paid to the development of the educational programs as well as to the unconventional educational methods and the Montessori education therein. The aim of this final paper: To define the conception of the quality of the pre-school educational content in the Montessori educational system. The object of the research: The conception of the quality of the pre-school educational content. The goals of the research: 1. To define the conception of the pre-school educational content on the basis of the “free education paradigm”. 2. To reveal the peculiarities of the pre-school educational content quality. 3. To exclude the criteria of the pre-school educational content quality in the Montessori education. 4. To identify the manifestation of the qualitative criteria in the Montessori pre-school education. The following conclusions of the research can be inferred on the basis of the results: The educational setting and means corresponding the child’s age have a particular significance for the qualitative educational content of the Montessori pre-school education. The means attributed to develop the... [to full text]