Seaweeds are among the five marine sub-sectors of species cultured in South Africa, with Ulva species cultured at a commercial scale. In South Africa, the annual production of Ulva is approximately 2000 tonnes (wet weight), with the majority of Ulva being grown in landbased paddle raceway systems receiving abalone effluent water. Cultured Ulva is mainly used as abalone feed and for bioremediation of farm effluent water. It is not sold but rather is used either as fresh feed or dried and incorporated into formulated feeds. The main commercial abalone farms growing Ulva in paddle raceway systems in South Africa are Irvin & Johnson (I&J) Cape Abalone, Abagold, Buffeljags Abalone and Diamond Coast Aquaculture in the Western Cape province, and Wild Coast Abalone in the Eastern Cape province. The main aim of this study is to precisely identify the cultured Ulva species as their identity is not clearly understood. This will provide information on the genetic diversity in the cultured material and could enable farmers to select for a species/strain that has the desired traits such as high nutritional value, rapid growth rate, resistance to diseases, and the ability to grow vegetatively, amongst others, so that the best feed is given to abalone. Next, the cultured Ulva species will be compared with closely related seashore Ulva species and with Ulva specimens from the main farming area in Hermanus to see if they are genetically similar. Ulva specimens from these farms, nearby seashores, including the Hermanus abalone farming complex in the New Harbour were identified using morpho-anatomical and molecular methods. The molecular markers employed in this study were the plastid large subunit of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL), Internal Transcribed Spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS nrDNA) and the elongation factor tufA. The 12 cultured Ulva specimens belonged in the U. lacinulata clade with weak support value of 0.57 for PP in the rbcL tree, high support value of 0.86 for PP in the ITS tree and high support value of 92% and 0.92 for BP and PP, respectively, in the tufA tree. The seashore U. capensis and farmed Ulva specimens belonged in the same large U. lacinulata clade in the rbcL tree. However, the U. capensis samples and the locally cultivated Ulva samples belonged in separate sister clades with a support value of 70% and 0.75 for BP and PP, respectively, in the ITS phylogenetic tree, and 97% and 1 for BP and PP, respectively, in the tufA phylogenetic tree. Therefore, the identity of the cultivated Ulva samples is U. lacinulata and the clade containing the U. capensis samples has now been labelled as U. uncialis as it is an older available name than U. capensis. Furthermore, the foliose U. lacinulata was also found growing attached near the inlets of the Hermanus abalone farming complex in New Harbour. There was no genetic variation within the farmed Ulva samples as they were collapsed as a single haplotype by the three molecular markers. The genetic distance between the U. uncialis and farmed U. lacinulata samples were 0.16%, 0.76% and 0.92% for the markers, rbcL, ITS and tufA, respectively. Even though the low sequence divergence between the farmed U. lacinulata and U. uncialis specimens fits within the range of variability, these two clades are separate species that are closely related. Incongruences between the molecular and morpho-anatomical identification methods were observed, as the morpho-anatomical identification method identified 9 of the 12 farmed Ulva specimens as U. lactuca and the remaining as U. rigida sensu Stegenga et al. (1997). Fewer Ulva species were resolved morphologically because of the overlap in morphological description within U. lactuca sensu Stegenga et al. (1997) and U. rigida sensu Stegenga et al. (1997). Additionally, three new records of Ulva species (U. ohnoi, U. australis and U. stenophylloides) for South African seashore specimens were molecularly identified in this study, and foliose U. compressa was recorded for the first time in the region. In this study, the molecular marker tufA, was the best marker to delimit species, as its internal clades were better supported compared to the other two markers and it was able to better separate the farmed U. lacinulata samples and the seashore U. uncialis samples into two different clades.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissert2e3_schliewe.pdf: 95832 bytes, checksum: 9e10097684779e5ba25e91fcdc7796bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-26 / Eriope with about 30 species is a genus of the family Lamiaceae, subfamily Nepetoideae, tribe Ocimae and subtribe Hyptidinae, out of this 20 species are restricted to the campos rupestres of the Brazil. In Goiás, the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Serra de Caldas, Serra dos Cristais, Serra Dourada and Serra dos Pireneus are typical rupestres environments. Beyond these places, in environments of cerrado, in the cities of Colinas do Sul, Goiânia, Mineiros, Planaltina de Goiás, Uruaçu and Vianópolis were located specimens of Eriope. The aim of this work is to supply new morphologic, anatomical and phytochemistry data to contribute with the taxonomy of Eriope. Eight taxa were collected: Eriope complicata Mart. ex Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. acutifolia Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. macrophylla Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley, Eriope foetida A. St. Hil. ex Benth., Eriope velutina Epling and one taxon that probaly it s a new species endemic of Cristalina-GO region. The subspecies Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley presented morphologic and anatomical characteristics differential among group, in this way the suggestion is the manutetion specific status Eriope cristalinae (Harley) C. T. Rizzini and in synonim Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley. Identification keys were elaborate using morphologic and anatomical data for the taxa in study. The species presented anthraquinone flavonic and saponin heterosides; triterpenes and fenolic compound. In the essential oils 58 compounds were identificated, α-copaen, Aromadendrene and copaen-4α-ol were identificated in all the taxa. Key words: morpho-anatomical, / O gênero Eriope com cerca de 30 espécies, pertence à família Lamiaceae, subfamília Nepetoideae, tribo Ocimeae e subtribo Hyptidinae, dessas 20 espécies são restritas aos campos rupestres do Brasil. Em Goiás, a Chapada dos Veadeiros, Serra de Caldas, Serra dos Cristais, Serra Dourada e a Serra dos Pireneus, são ambientes rupestres, nos quais ocorrem espécies desse gênero. Além destes locais, em ambientes de cerrado, nos municípios de Colinas do Sul, Goiânia, Mineiros, Planaltina de Goiás, Uruaçu e Vianópolis foram localizados espécimes de Eriope. Este trabalho objetiva fornecer dados morfológicos, anatômicos e fitoquímicos visando contribuir com a taxonomia de Eriope. Foram coletados oito taxa: Eriope complicata Mart. ex Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. acutifolia Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. crassipes var. macrophylla Benth., Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley, Eriope foetida A. St. Hil. ex Benth. e Eriope velutina Epling e um taxon, Eriope sp., que provavelmente trata-se de uma nova espécie endêmica na região de Cristalina-GO. A subespécie Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley apresentou características morfológicas e anatômicas distintas dentro do grupo, desse modo sugere-se manter o status específico Eriope cristalinae (Harley) C. T. Rizzini e como sinonímia Eriope crassipes Benth. subsp. cristalinae Harley. Foram elaboradas chaves de identificação usando dados morfológicos e anatômicos para os taxa em estudo. As espécies estudadas apresentaram: Heterosídeos antraquinônicos, flavonóides e saponínicos; triterpenos e compostos fenólicos. Em relação aos óleos essenciais dos 58 componentes identificados, α-copaeno, Aromadendreno, β- copaeno α-4-ol são comuns a todos os taxa.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-08T13:50:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carloscerqueiramagalhaes.pdf: 3616569 bytes, checksum: 800a65f64df624962bc369b208264534 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T13:43:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carloscerqueiramagalhaes.pdf: 3616569 bytes, checksum: 800a65f64df624962bc369b208264534 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T13:43:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carloscerqueiramagalhaes.pdf: 3616569 bytes, checksum: 800a65f64df624962bc369b208264534 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-13 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Hortia brasiliana Vand. Ex DC (Rutaceae), conhecida como "para-tudo" ou "casca-d'anta", tem sido usada na medicina popular como depurativa do sangue, para problemas estomacais, controle da diabetes, para combater febre, diarreia, vômito, doenças do fígado, cólicas renais e possui atividades anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana e hipotensora. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma caracterização química e avaliar as atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória dos extratos de H. brasiliana. Folhas, cascas do ramo lateral e cascas do tronco foram coletadas em Muriaé e Juiz de Fora, MG, para obtenção de óleos essenciais e extratos hexânicos, metanólicos e aquosos. Uma amostra de folhas foi utilizada para análise morfo-anatômica. A caracterização química dos extratos foi feita por CG-EM, CLAE-UV e CCD. A atividade antinociceptiva foi avaliada pelos testes de contorções abdominais, formalina e placa quente, enquanto a atividade anti-inflamatória pelos métodos de edema de pata e pleurisia. Os dados foram demonstrados como média±erro padrão e análise de variância seguida do teste de Newman-Keuls para medir o grau de significância (p < 0,05). A avaliação morfo-anatômica foliar demonstrou a presença de cavidades secretoras em vários tamanhos e estruturas com afloramento. Entre os componentes dos óleos essenciais destacaram-se: Epi-α-cadinol, zingibereno, Z-α-trans-bergamotol, E-β-guaieno, α-bisabolol, E-hidrato de sesquisabineno, β-sesquifelandreno, oplopanona, α-curcumeno, guaiol e óxido de cariofileno ainda não relatados na espécie. Os espectros de UV indicaram a presença de derivados do ácido cinâmico e flavonoides. Terpenoides, ácidos graxos, esteroides, ácidos fenólicos e cumarinas foram detectados por CCD. Os extratos hexânicos apresentaram atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória pelos métodos empregados. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que H. brasiliana é uma fonte de substâncias bioativas com atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória, o que pode justificar o uso popular para algumas disfunções orgânicas. / Hortia brasiliana Vand. Ex DC (Rutaceae), known as "para-tudo" or "casca-d'anta" has been used in folk medicine as blood depurative, for stomach disorders, diabetes control, to combat fevers, diarrhea, vomiting, liver disease, renal colic and has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and hypotensive activities. The present work aims to perform a chemical characterization and evaluate the pharmacological activities of the extracts of H. brasiliana. Leaves, lateral branch barks and trunk barks were collected in Muriaé and Juiz de Fora, MG, to obtain essential oils and hexane, methanolic and aqueous extracts. A sample of leaves was used to analyze morphological and anatomical. The chemical characterization of the extracts was performed by GC-MS, HPLC-UV and TLC. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing, formalin and hot plate tests, while the anti-inflammatory activity by paw edema and pleurisy methods. The data are expressed as mean± standard error and analysis of variance followed by Newman-Keuls test to measure the degree of significance (p <0.05). The assessment of morphological and anatomical leaf showed the presence of secretory cavities in various sizes and glands with outcrop. Among the components of essential oils were identified: Epi-α-cadinol, zingiberene, Z-α-trans-bergamotol, E-β-guaiene, α-bisabolol, E-hidrato de sesquisabinene, β-sesquiphellandrene, oplopanone, α-curcumene, guaiol and caryophyllene oxide, not yet reportded in this species. UV spectra indicated the presence of cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoid. Terpenoids, fatty acids, steroids, coumarins and phenolic acids were detected by TLC. The hexane extracts showed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory for the employed methods. The results suggest that H. brasiliana is a source of bioactive compounds with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, which may justify the popular use in some organ dysfunctions.

<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; U radu je ispitan uticaj vodnog deficita na fiziolo&scaron;ke osobine klonova crne topole i<br />populacija hrasta lužnjaka i cera, kao i mogućnost oporavka ovih biljaka nakon ponovnog uspostavljanja optimalnog vodnog režima. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ukaže na potencijal ispitivanih genotipova topole i hrastova za opstanak u&nbsp; promenljivim uslovima životne sredine, u skladu sa aktuelnim klimatskim promenama koje uključuju smanjenje količine padavina i ograničenu dostupnost vode. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali specifično variranje ispitivanih morfo-anatomskih, fiziolo&scaron;kih i biohemijskih parametara koje je zavisilo od momentalne vlažnosti zemlji&scaron;ta na primenjenom tretmanu (kontrola, su&scaron;a praćena oporavkom, konstantna su&scaron;a) i od genotipa biljke.<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; Negativan uticaj vodnog&nbsp; deficita na tretmanu konstantne su&scaron;e je u najmanjoj meri bio ispoljen na rastenje klona topole X/32, populaciju hrasta lužnjaka L1 i populaciju hrasta cera C1. Indeks tolerancije na stres izračunat na osnovu visine biljke (PHSI) takodje je potvrdio dobru morfolo&scaron;ku prilagodjenost pomenutih genotipova<br />na uslove su&scaron;e. Dobijene vrednosti indeksa stoma ukazuju da vodni status ispitivanih populacija hrastova nije bio naroĉito pogodjen vodnim deficitom na su&scaron;nim tretmanima.<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; Tretman konstantne su&scaron;e je u oba ogleda&nbsp; doveo do najvećeg smanjenja vrednosti<br />parametara razmene gasova kod skoro svih genotipova. S druge strane, primenjeni su&scaron;ni tretmani nisu uslovili smanjenje sadržaja fotosintetiĉkih pigmenata, kao ni parametra Fv/Fm, kod većine ispitivanih biljaka. U odnosu na kontrolu, sadržaj prolina u listovima ispitivanih biljaka na tretmanu konstantne su&scaron;e bio je&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; znaĉajno povećan, a aktivnost enzima nitrat-reduktaze značajno smanjena, kod većine genotipova.<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; Genotipovi kod kojih u uslovima jakog vodnog deficita nije do&scaron;lo do značajne promene većine ispitivanih morfo-anatomskih, fiziolo&scaron;kih i biohemijskih parametara mogu biti od velike važnosti kad je u pitanju njihov odabir i upotreba za uspe&scaron;no po&scaron;umljavanje su&scaron;nih stani&scaron;ta, kojih će biti sve vi&scaron;e usled negativnog uticaja brojnih ekolo&scaron;kih činilaca nastalih kao posledica klimatskih promena.</p> / <p>The impact of water deficit and recovery on physiological features of the black poplar clones, as well as of the oaks populations were analyzed. The aim of this research was to indicate the potential of the studied genotypes for survival under changing environmental conditions, in accordance with current climate changes, which include the reduction in amount of rainfall and limited water availability. Obtained results have shown a specific variation of studied morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical parameters which depended on soil humidity on the applied treatment (control, drought followed by recovery and permanent drought), as well as on plant genotype.</p><p>Water deficit on permanent drought treatment had little negative effect on plant growth of poplar clone X/32, as well as oak populations L1 and C1. Plant height stress tolerance index also confirmed good morphological adaptation to drought of these genotypes. Stomatal index was not negatively affected by water deficit in oak plants.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In both experiments, a permanent drought treatment led to the largest reduction in the values of gas exchange parameters in almost all genotypes.</p><p>On the other hand, concentration of&nbsp; photosynthetic pigments was not considerably decreased in plants exposed to water deficit, as well as the parameter Fv/Fm, in most examined plants. Compared to the control, the impact of permanent drought treatment&nbsp; on biochemical parameters was expected, in the most cases.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Compared to the control, proline content in leaves of most examined genotypes was significantly increased on permanent drought treatment, while nitrate reductase activity was significantly decreased.</p><p>Examined genotypes exhibiting slight or no reduction in values of the most&nbsp; examined parameters during severe&nbsp; drought stress, could be used for afforestation in arid sites. Arid habitats appeared to be more numerous due to the effects of global climate changes.</p>