O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar e fundamentar teoricamente, a partir da teoria psicanalítica de orientação freud-lacaniana, como se dá a experiência da revelação do diagnóstico de HIV, para a parceria afetivo-sexual, em adolescentes e jovens adultos infectados por transmissão vertical. É absolutamente compreensível a relação que se estabelece no âmbito da Saúde, entre revelação do diagnóstico e cuidados preventivos. No entanto, a clínica psicanalítica com os pacientes envolvidos nesta problemática nos indica que a revelação do diagnóstico é, para o paciente, uma experiência que ultrapassa muito o ato de informar um dado, sendo, antes, uma experiência subjetiva da revelação de uma identidade herdada. Por esse motivo, percebemos ser fundamental uma compreensão dos processos psíquicos envolvidos na experiência da revelação do diagnóstico destes jovens, levando em conta a singularidade de cada caso. Partimos de duas hipóteses: a revelação do diagnóstico ao parceiro afetivo-sexual pode ser influenciada por como lhe foi revelado seu diagnóstico, ou seja, sua herança do HIV, transmitida por sua mãe; a angústia associada à experiência da revelação do diagnóstico de HIV por transmissão vertical para o parceiro pode ser uma resposta à fantasia de desamparo. Na tentativa de compreender esse cenário, elegemos alguns conceitos psicanalíticos como bússola, que podem contribuir para o cerzimento de articulações teórico-clínicas, são eles: tabu, transmissão, identificação, fantasia e angústia. Além disso, realizamos entrevistas semi-dirigidas com quatro pacientes, que tinham diagnóstico de HIV/aids por transmissão vertical. A análise das falas dos entrevistados foi realizada a partir do referencial psicanalítico, utilizando principalmente as teorias construídas por Freud e Lacan. A partir disso, pudemos concluir que guardar o diagnóstico de HIV como segredo implica resguardar a posição do sujeito em sua fantasia fundamental, que funciona de anteparo para a angústia e está diretamente ligada ao Outro. Nesse sentido a solução para ausência de sofrimento psíquico não seria nem direcionar o sujeito para a denúncia do segredo, nem tampouco, sugestioná-lo a manter o segredo a sete chaves. Neste momento, é fundamental compreender o lugar que o segredo encena na subjetividade dos jovens, por meio da escuta psicanalítica. Além disso, é imprescindível cuidar da resposta do psicanalista no âmbito institucional, como membro da equipe de saúde, defendendo um manejo delicado entre o tempo de cada sujeito e a importância da revelação do diagnóstico, uma vez que o paradigma da subjetividade pode ser uma alternativa competente para resolver uma problemática ainda muito incompreendida em serviços de saúde especializados em HIV/Aids / The present study aims to investigate and to formalize theoretically, according to the psychoanalytic theory of Freud and Lacan, how is the experience of the disclosure of HIV serostatus to an intimate partnership, for adolescents and young adults infected by mother-to-child-transmission. The connection established under Healths context, between the disclosure of HIV serostatus and preventive care is absolutely understandable. However, the psychoanalytic treatment of patients involved in this issue indicates that disclosure of HIV diagnosis is an experience that exceeds just the act of informing, it is actually a subjective experience of revelation of an inherited identity. For this reason, we consider that it is fundamental to understand which psychological processes are involved in the experience of disclosing the HIV diagnosis, taking into account the uniqueness of each case. We have two hypotheses: the disclosure of HIV diagnosis to the partner may be influenced by how the individual received its own diagnosis, that represents the heritage of HIV, transmitted by the mother; the anguish associated with the experience of disclosing the HIV diagnosis through mother-to-child-transmission to the partner may be a response to the fantasy of helplessness. In trying to understand this scenario, we elect some psychoanalytic concepts such as a compass, that can contribute to make the theoretical and clinical link, they are: taboo, transmission, identification, fantasy and angst. In addition, we conducted semi-structured interviews with four patients who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS through mother-to-child-transmission. The analysis of the interviewed peoples speeches was done by the psychoanalytic theoretical basis, mainly using the theories constructed by Freud and Lacan. The course of this research allowed us to conclude that keep HIV diagnosis as a secret means to safeguard the position of the individual in its fundamental fantasy, which works as a screen for anxiety and is directly linked to the Other. In this context, the solution to the absence of psychological pain would be neither to guide the individual to denunciate its secret, nor suggests to keep the secret under lock and key. At this point, it is essential to understand the place that the secret stages in the subjectivity of young people, through the psychoanalytic listening. Moreover, it is also essential to take care of the psychoanalysts work in the health institution, as a member of the health team, protecting the delicate handling between the time of each subject and the importance of disclosure, since the paradigm of subjectivity can be a competent alternative to solve a misunderstood issue inside the HIV/Aids specialized health services

A principal via de infecção pelo HIV-1 em crianças é a transmissão materno-infantil (TMI). Estimativas para taxas de TMI do HIV-1 são de 3% entre gestantes sob terapia antirretroviral e de 25 a 30% para as não tratadas. Apesar da exposição viral durante a gestação, a maioria dos recém-nascidos não são verticalmente infectados, o que sugere a existência de barreiras protetoras à TMI do HIV-1. Diversos fatores podem estar associados com a TMI do HIV-1. Polimorfismos genéticos são descritos em associação com a infecção pelo HIV-1, incluindo os dos antígenos leucocitários humanos (HLA). A molécula HLA-G tem sido implicada nas interações imunológicas materno-fetais e é expressa em células da placenta, especificamente nos citotrofoblastos extravilosos, que formam a camada responsável pela interface entre os tecidos fetais e maternos. Este estudo avaliou os polimorfismos de inserção e deleção de 14pb do HLA-G na TMI do HIV-1. Participaram do estudo, 86 duplas de mães e filhos, sendo 58 duplas de mãe-filho em que a TMI do HIV-1 não ocorreu e 28 duplas em que a TMI ocorreu. Os resultados mostraram maior frequência de genótipo deleção/deleção em mães pertencentes ao grupo TMI positiva, sem utilização de antirretrovirais (p=0,05). Foi observada associação significante entre conhecimento prévio da soropositividade, realização de pré-natal, utilização de antirretrovirais na gestação e não amamentação com a prevenção da TMI (p<0,05). Nesse contexto, a enfermagem pode contribuir com ações que envolvem o pré-natal, parto e puerpério, por meio de aconselhamento quanto à realização do teste anti- HIV-1 no pré-natal, utilização adequada de antirretrovirais e promoção de práticas ideais de alimentação infantil. Adicionalmente, o estudo contribui para a ampliação de conhecimentos da enfermagem sobre a temática do HLA-G na TMI, e destaca a importância de que a enfermagem, fundamentada em ciências biológicas, esteja envolvida na produção de conhecimentos e tecnologias, o que reflete na melhoria da prestação do cuidado ao paciente. / The main way of HIV-1 infection in children is mother-child transmission (MTCT). TMI rates estimates for HIV-1 are 3% in pregnant women in antiretroviral therapy and 25 to 30% for untreated ones. Despite the viral exposure during pregnancy, most newborns are not vertically infected, suggesting the existence of protective barriers to TMI of HIV-1. Several factors may be associated with MTCT of HIV-1. Genetic polymorphisms are described in association with HIV-1, including the human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The molecule HLA-G has been implicated in maternal-fetal immune interactions and is expressed in placenta cells, particularly in extravillous cytotrophoblasts, forming the layer responsible for the interface between fetal and maternal tissues. This study evaluated the HLA-G 14pb insertion and deletion polymorphisms in MTCT of HIV-1. Participated in the study 86 mother-child pair, 58 mother-child pairs in which the MTCT did not occur and 28 doubles in which the MTCT occurred. The results showed a higher frequency of genotype deletion/deletion in mothers in which MTCT occurred belonging to the group without using antiretroviral (p=0.05). Significant association was observed between prior knowledge of seropositivity, conducting prenatal, use of antiretroviral during pregnancy and not breastfeeding to the prevention of MTCT (p <0.05). In this context, nursing can contribute to actions involving prenatal, birth and postpartum, conducting counseling for the conduct of HIV testing during prenatal care, proper use of antiretroviral and promotion of optimal infant feeding practices. Additionally, the study contributes to the expansion of nursing knowledge about the topic of HLA-G in MTCT, and highlights the importance of nursing, grounded in basic sciences, is involved in the production of knowledge and technology, which reflects improvement in the provision of patient\'s care.

Purpose and rationale: In 2012, an estimated 9,500 infants in Ethiopia were born with HIV. Mortality for these infants is high, and preventing infection offers the best hope for reducing the childhood death rates. Effective measures exist which can reduce the likelihood of a child acquiring HIV from its mother to less than 2%, and the necessary anti-retroviral medications are free and accessible to Ethiopian women. However, Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) efforts in the country have not kept pace with the global reduction in infant infections over the last decade, and the Ethiopian MTCT rate was still 20% in 2012. Although a large number of women are getting tested for HIV during pregnancy, only 41% of eligible women in the country complete PMTCT therapy. The purpose of this exploratory study was to elicit the perspectives of HIV+ mothers on the unique socio-contextual factors which affect them during pregnancy, both positively and negatively, including the beliefs, attitudes, cultural norms and individuals who have influence over their reproductive health decisions. Methods: The mixed-methods study was done at a community level in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. With the assistance of several large networks of people living with HIV (PLHIV), PLHIV mothers who have a child at least one year of age were recruited by mixed purposeful sampling; various socio-economic demographics were represented. In-depth interviews, focus groups and surveys were then completed in Amharic with a research assistant translating to English. Results: 98 women in total took part in the study: 23 completed interviews, 28 participated in focus groups, and 49 completed additional surveys. The greatest barriers to PMTCT completion identified were: feelings of hopelessness and carelessness, a general lack of understanding of the efficacy of ARVs, negative religious influences, stigma and poverty. The strongest facilitators to PMTCT use expressed by the women were: PLHIV peer support, faith, and gaining hope. It was recommended that PLHIV mothers be utilized in all PMTCT planning and interventions in the future. Implications: Program managers and health officials can build on these findings to modify existing PMTCT programs and to develop innovative and effective new PMTCT interventions. This will ultimately result in increased PMTCT uptake and adherence amongst HIV + pregnant women and a reduction in infant HIV transmission.

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is the most significant source of HIV infection in young children. As the HI virus has been identified in cell-free and cell-associated compartments of breast milk, it is clear that breast milk is one of the ways in which mother-to-child transmission of HIV can take place in addition to in utero and intrapartum transmission. While breastfeeding carries the risk of HIV transmission, not breastfeeding carries significant health risks for infants and young children, such as an increased risk of diarrhoea and pneumonia, morbidity and mortality. When an HIV-positive mother decides to breastfeed her baby, pasteurisation of expressed breast milk (EBM) could be a possible infant-feeding option to limit transmission of the HI virus through breast milk, since this method has shown to effectively inactivate HIV type 1. Three methods of pasteurisation of human milk were investigated in this study: Holder pasteurisation, flash-heating and Pretoria pasteurisation. The systematic review is a helpful method to summarise the best-quality empirical evidence of the benefits and limitations of a specific method, such as heat treatment, and to provide recommendations for future research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to critically synthesise by means of a systematic review the best available existing evidence and to provide a clear overview of the effectiveness of heat treatment of EBM as an in-home procedure to inactivate the HI virus, and in so doing limit mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This study provides the clinical practitioner with accessible information on the effectiveness of heat treatment of EBM as an in-home procedure in terms of (1) safety, inactivation of the HI virus and retaining the protective and nutritional value of the EBM; (2) feasibility as an in-home procedure; and (3) acceptability by the mothers and their communities. This information could be used to improve clinical practitioners‟ knowledge and include it in their health education to contribute to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. This study is based on the framework of the model for evidence-based clinical decisions of Haynes, Devereaux and Guyatt (2002). The search strategy was conducted in March/April 2009. The initial search resulted in 574 articles. After thorough screening of potentially relevant studies on heat treatment of EBM, the studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised and scored based on their methodological qualities using standardised instruments. After 6 months, the search was updated. The search obtained 1 article. The final sample involved 12 articles. Conclusions were integrated and synthesised as a basis for developing a clear overview of the best available existing evidence. Finally, the findings of the study were synthesised and the research was evaluated, a conclusion was given, limitations were identified and recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, education and research. The bottom-line answer concluded that heat treatment of EBM should be emphasised as a safe alternative for feeding exposed infants (those of an HIV-positive mother, those of uncertain HIV status or during weaning if the mother cannot afford formula or cow‟s milk), but should be supported with appropriate information to the individual mother, her family and the community. Overall it can be concluded that existing evidence of the effectiveness (in terms of safety, feasibility and acceptability) of heat treatment of EBM, particularly Pretoria pasteurisation, used as a simple in-home procedure, is insufficient, and further research is required. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

The benefits of breastfeeding are well known. It has been shown that HIV is transmitted through breast milk. The HIV epidemic is threatening exclusive breastfeeding in South Africa. It is important that mothers make the right infant feeding choice. There are three basic infant feeding methods available for HIV infected mothers namely; breastfeeding, replacement feeding or formula feeding and heat treatment of breast milk. There are many risk factors for the transmission of HIV through breast milk. Exclusive breastfeeding may reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission, compared with mixed feeding. This can only take place when breastfeeding is done safely and not mixed with other food or drinks. There are many factors that influence a mother's decision to breastfeed, for example personal, social, cultural factors, facilities, environmental factors, knowledge about breastfeeding, mass media and friends. There are also many sources of information about infant feeding methods. The aim of this study was to determine which factors influence the decision on the early infant feeding choice of women who delivered at the Lower Umfolozi District War Memorial Hospital in Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal. This may help to understand what factors health professionals should focus on in promoting appropriate infant feeding methods. A structured questionnaire was completed by a 100 women and focus group discussions were held with 22 women who delivered at the Lower Umfolozi District War Memorial Hospital. Most of the mothers (72%) did choose breastfeeding, and 58% of these mothers intended to breastfeed for only six months. The majority of the women (97%) received counseling about their infant feeding method, mostly from a health care worker at the clinic. One-third of the women (33%) were influenced by health care professionals on deciding on their infant feeding method and 44% of the participants indicated that no-one influenced them and that they decided themselves. In the focus group discussions the fear of transmission of HIV through breast milk was stated as an important reason why mothers should choose replacement feeding. In conclusion the most important results are that significantly more HIV-infected mothers chose replacement feeding as infant feeding method, and mothers who chose breastfeeding were significantly older than mothers who selected replacement feeding and they made their infant feeding decision significantly earlier than those who chose replacement feeding. According to the focus group discussion results the communities also felt that the HIV-infected mothers should not breastfeed their infants due to the fact that the virus can be transmitted through breast milk. Health professionals should still provide all the necessary information about exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, even where the prevalence of HIV is high. In most of these areas replacement feeding will not be acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe, due to lack of safe water, sanitation and the poor socio-economic status of these people. The dangers of mixed feeding should be emphasized. Most of the women in this study received information from health care workers and family. It is important that family members are included when information is given to women of child-bearing age. Health care workers need appropriate training to ensure that they give the right messages about safe infant feeding to the mothers. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is the most significant source of HIV infection in young children. As the HI virus has been identified in cell-free and cell-associated compartments of breast milk, it is clear that breast milk is one of the ways in which mother-to-child transmission of HIV can take place in addition to in utero and intrapartum transmission. While breastfeeding carries the risk of HIV transmission, not breastfeeding carries significant health risks for infants and young children, such as an increased risk of diarrhoea and pneumonia, morbidity and mortality. When an HIV-positive mother decides to breastfeed her baby, pasteurisation of expressed breast milk (EBM) could be a possible infant-feeding option to limit transmission of the HI virus through breast milk, since this method has shown to effectively inactivate HIV type 1. Three methods of pasteurisation of human milk were investigated in this study: Holder pasteurisation, flash-heating and Pretoria pasteurisation. The systematic review is a helpful method to summarise the best-quality empirical evidence of the benefits and limitations of a specific method, such as heat treatment, and to provide recommendations for future research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to critically synthesise by means of a systematic review the best available existing evidence and to provide a clear overview of the effectiveness of heat treatment of EBM as an in-home procedure to inactivate the HI virus, and in so doing limit mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This study provides the clinical practitioner with accessible information on the effectiveness of heat treatment of EBM as an in-home procedure in terms of (1) safety, inactivation of the HI virus and retaining the protective and nutritional value of the EBM; (2) feasibility as an in-home procedure; and (3) acceptability by the mothers and their communities. This information could be used to improve clinical practitioners‟ knowledge and include it in their health education to contribute to the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. This study is based on the framework of the model for evidence-based clinical decisions of Haynes, Devereaux and Guyatt (2002). The search strategy was conducted in March/April 2009. The initial search resulted in 574 articles. After thorough screening of potentially relevant studies on heat treatment of EBM, the studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised and scored based on their methodological qualities using standardised instruments. After 6 months, the search was updated. The search obtained 1 article. The final sample involved 12 articles. Conclusions were integrated and synthesised as a basis for developing a clear overview of the best available existing evidence. Finally, the findings of the study were synthesised and the research was evaluated, a conclusion was given, limitations were identified and recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, education and research. The bottom-line answer concluded that heat treatment of EBM should be emphasised as a safe alternative for feeding exposed infants (those of an HIV-positive mother, those of uncertain HIV status or during weaning if the mother cannot afford formula or cow‟s milk), but should be supported with appropriate information to the individual mother, her family and the community. Overall it can be concluded that existing evidence of the effectiveness (in terms of safety, feasibility and acceptability) of heat treatment of EBM, particularly Pretoria pasteurisation, used as a simple in-home procedure, is insufficient, and further research is required. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010

The benefits of breastfeeding are well known. It has been shown that HIV is transmitted through breast milk. The HIV epidemic is threatening exclusive breastfeeding in South Africa. It is important that mothers make the right infant feeding choice. There are three basic infant feeding methods available for HIV infected mothers namely; breastfeeding, replacement feeding or formula feeding and heat treatment of breast milk. There are many risk factors for the transmission of HIV through breast milk. Exclusive breastfeeding may reduce the risk of mother-to-child-transmission, compared with mixed feeding. This can only take place when breastfeeding is done safely and not mixed with other food or drinks. There are many factors that influence a mother's decision to breastfeed, for example personal, social, cultural factors, facilities, environmental factors, knowledge about breastfeeding, mass media and friends. There are also many sources of information about infant feeding methods. The aim of this study was to determine which factors influence the decision on the early infant feeding choice of women who delivered at the Lower Umfolozi District War Memorial Hospital in Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal. This may help to understand what factors health professionals should focus on in promoting appropriate infant feeding methods. A structured questionnaire was completed by a 100 women and focus group discussions were held with 22 women who delivered at the Lower Umfolozi District War Memorial Hospital. Most of the mothers (72%) did choose breastfeeding, and 58% of these mothers intended to breastfeed for only six months. The majority of the women (97%) received counseling about their infant feeding method, mostly from a health care worker at the clinic. One-third of the women (33%) were influenced by health care professionals on deciding on their infant feeding method and 44% of the participants indicated that no-one influenced them and that they decided themselves. In the focus group discussions the fear of transmission of HIV through breast milk was stated as an important reason why mothers should choose replacement feeding. In conclusion the most important results are that significantly more HIV-infected mothers chose replacement feeding as infant feeding method, and mothers who chose breastfeeding were significantly older than mothers who selected replacement feeding and they made their infant feeding decision significantly earlier than those who chose replacement feeding. According to the focus group discussion results the communities also felt that the HIV-infected mothers should not breastfeed their infants due to the fact that the virus can be transmitted through breast milk. Health professionals should still provide all the necessary information about exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, even where the prevalence of HIV is high. In most of these areas replacement feeding will not be acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe, due to lack of safe water, sanitation and the poor socio-economic status of these people. The dangers of mixed feeding should be emphasized. Most of the women in this study received information from health care workers and family. It is important that family members are included when information is given to women of child-bearing age. Health care workers need appropriate training to ensure that they give the right messages about safe infant feeding to the mothers. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

South Africa recently changed infant feeding policy within Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV from free formula to recommendation of breastfeeding for all. The country is evaluating the role of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in supporting mothers and newborns. The aim of this thesis is to explore perceptions of household members on the value given to and the social forces behind formula feeding in light of the recent policy change, and to assess the effect of a community-based package of maternal and newborn care delivered by CHWs on HIV-free survival and exclusive and appropriate infant feeding up to 12 weeks of age. Studies were conducted in a high HIV prevalence township. Focus group discussions were performed (grandmothers, fathers and teenage mothers) and in-depth interviews with HIV-positive and HIV-negative mothers. Perceptions of household members on the formula policy change were explored and the value household members place on formula feeding and circumstances that drive it. In a cluster-randomized trial (15 intervention, 15 control clusters) CHWs provided two antenatal and five post-natal home visits to support and promote PMTCT activities. There were misunderstandings by community members on the free formula policy change. Mothers transferred the motherhood role to their mothers while partners provided inadequate financial support, leading to risky mixed feeding. Teenage mothers rarely breastfed their infants due to perceived constraints including embarrassment, sagging breasts and loss of freedom and boyfriends. At 12 weeks of age the intervention had doubled exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) (28% vs. 14%) and slightly increased infant weight and length. No difference was seen between study arms in HIV-free survival. The effect on EBF at12 weeks did not differ with maternal education or wealth levels, but was higher among HIV-negative mothers.  Focusing on teenage mothers breastfeeding challenges, involvement of grandmothers and fathers in infant feeding decision-making, improving communication strategies on policy change and breastfeeding to the community and health workers and CHWs home visits supporting PMTCT activities are important for infant feeding and child health.

<p>Increased uptake of VCT services by pregnant women may be attributed to the development of counseling services and increased availability of rapid tests at the study clinics by the Namibian Health and Social Services. A high knowledge and understanding of HIV and VCT services by pregnant women also probably contributed.</p>

A principal via de infecção pelo HIV-1 em crianças é a transmissão materno-infantil (TMI). Estimativas para taxas de TMI do HIV-1 são de 3% entre gestantes sob terapia antirretroviral e de 25 a 30% para as não tratadas. Apesar da exposição viral durante a gestação, a maioria dos recém-nascidos não são verticalmente infectados, o que sugere a existência de barreiras protetoras à TMI do HIV-1. Diversos fatores podem estar associados com a TMI do HIV-1. Polimorfismos genéticos são descritos em associação com a infecção pelo HIV-1, incluindo os dos antígenos leucocitários humanos (HLA). A molécula HLA-G tem sido implicada nas interações imunológicas materno-fetais e é expressa em células da placenta, especificamente nos citotrofoblastos extravilosos, que formam a camada responsável pela interface entre os tecidos fetais e maternos. Este estudo avaliou os polimorfismos de inserção e deleção de 14pb do HLA-G na TMI do HIV-1. Participaram do estudo, 86 duplas de mães e filhos, sendo 58 duplas de mãe-filho em que a TMI do HIV-1 não ocorreu e 28 duplas em que a TMI ocorreu. Os resultados mostraram maior frequência de genótipo deleção/deleção em mães pertencentes ao grupo TMI positiva, sem utilização de antirretrovirais (p=0,05). Foi observada associação significante entre conhecimento prévio da soropositividade, realização de pré-natal, utilização de antirretrovirais na gestação e não amamentação com a prevenção da TMI (p<0,05). Nesse contexto, a enfermagem pode contribuir com ações que envolvem o pré-natal, parto e puerpério, por meio de aconselhamento quanto à realização do teste anti- HIV-1 no pré-natal, utilização adequada de antirretrovirais e promoção de práticas ideais de alimentação infantil. Adicionalmente, o estudo contribui para a ampliação de conhecimentos da enfermagem sobre a temática do HLA-G na TMI, e destaca a importância de que a enfermagem, fundamentada em ciências biológicas, esteja envolvida na produção de conhecimentos e tecnologias, o que reflete na melhoria da prestação do cuidado ao paciente. / The main way of HIV-1 infection in children is mother-child transmission (MTCT). TMI rates estimates for HIV-1 are 3% in pregnant women in antiretroviral therapy and 25 to 30% for untreated ones. Despite the viral exposure during pregnancy, most newborns are not vertically infected, suggesting the existence of protective barriers to TMI of HIV-1. Several factors may be associated with MTCT of HIV-1. Genetic polymorphisms are described in association with HIV-1, including the human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The molecule HLA-G has been implicated in maternal-fetal immune interactions and is expressed in placenta cells, particularly in extravillous cytotrophoblasts, forming the layer responsible for the interface between fetal and maternal tissues. This study evaluated the HLA-G 14pb insertion and deletion polymorphisms in MTCT of HIV-1. Participated in the study 86 mother-child pair, 58 mother-child pairs in which the MTCT did not occur and 28 doubles in which the MTCT occurred. The results showed a higher frequency of genotype deletion/deletion in mothers in which MTCT occurred belonging to the group without using antiretroviral (p=0.05). Significant association was observed between prior knowledge of seropositivity, conducting prenatal, use of antiretroviral during pregnancy and not breastfeeding to the prevention of MTCT (p <0.05). In this context, nursing can contribute to actions involving prenatal, birth and postpartum, conducting counseling for the conduct of HIV testing during prenatal care, proper use of antiretroviral and promotion of optimal infant feeding practices. Additionally, the study contributes to the expansion of nursing knowledge about the topic of HLA-G in MTCT, and highlights the importance of nursing, grounded in basic sciences, is involved in the production of knowledge and technology, which reflects improvement in the provision of patient\'s care.