Adam Emmer: Dynamic of evolution and hazardousness of lakes in the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) Abstract: High mountain environment of the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) is undergoing prespicious (goe)environmantal changes such as glacier retreat and associated formation and evolution of lakes. Glacial lakes may represent a threat for the society in case of sudden release of (part of) retained water ("glacial lake outburst flood"; GLOF). Reliable identification of hazardous lakes is a key persumption of effective GLOF risk management. The fundamental part of this thesis lies in creation of new method for assessing susceptibility of lakes to outburst floods, reflecting regional specifics of these events in the study area (preconditions, causes and mechanisms) and unsuitability of existing approaches revealed in previous research. Newly created method take into account five scenarios of GLOFs, which are assessed separately, using the combination of decision trees allowing integration of qualitative and quantitative characteristics (an overall number of 17 characteristics of the dam, lake and lake surrounding enter the assessment procedure). Thus, identification of specific causes and mechanisms is enabled. The method was verified by assessing susceptibility of 20 lakes, of which 10 produced GLOFs in past (pre-flood...

Dans le contexte d'augmentation de la pression démographique et des risques liés aux changements climatiques, la question de l'érosion est de plus en plus cruciale. La gestion actuelle des milieux des montagnes méditerranéennes, particulièrement affectés par ces phénomènes, repose sur une bonne connaissance de leurs sensibilités à l'érosion et de leurs trajectoires à long terme. Une approche rétrospective des trajectoires des environnements a été menée par l'étude de trois archives sédimentaires lacustres prélevées dans les Alpes du Sud (lacs Petit, Vens et Allos). L'étude multidisciplinaire (sédimentologie, géochimie, palynologie) a permis de caractériser les dynamiques érosives et végétales depuis 14000 ans. À Allos et Vens, le début de l'Holocène est marqué par la maturation des écosystèmes, l'altération chimique des sols et la progression altitudinale des forêts. Ces dynamiques environnementales conduisent à la stabilisation progressive des écosystèmes, suivie d'un optimum bio-pédologique, d'une ouverture des paysages et d'une déstabilisation des sols respectivement datées de 12000-8000 cal. BP, 8000-6000 cal. BP, 6000-1900 cal. BP et de 1900 cal.BP à aujourd'hui. Cette dernière période de déstabilisation des sols intervient plus tôt au Lac Petit, à 4200 cal. BP.Les dénominateurs communs au déclenchement de l'érosion sont à chaque fois une période de précipitations fréquentes sur un milieu fragilisé : l'impact des sociétés a provoqué un abaissement du seuil de sensibilité des milieux aux perturbations, particulièrement à l'agressivité des précipitations. / Within the context of increasing demographic pressures and hazards related to climate change, the problems posed by landscape erosion have become particularly crucial. The current management of Mediterranean mountain environments, which are highly exposed to erosion hazards, needs to be supported by a thorough understanding of their susceptibility to these hazards and their long-term trajectories.A retrospective analysis of environmental trajectories has been conducted from the study of three lacustrine sedimentary archives in the Southern Alps (Lakes Petit, Vens and Allos). This multi-disciplinary study, based on sedimentology, geochemistry and palynology, has enabled characterization of the dynamics of erosion and changes in plant cover over the last 14,000 years.In Lakes Allos and Vens, the start of the Holocene is marked by the maturing of ecosystems, by chemical weathering of soils and by forest encroachment at higher altitudes. These environmental changes resulted in progressive ecosystem stabilization, followed by a bio-pedological optimum, and subsequently by more open landscapes, and then soil destabilization. These four successive phases have ben dated, respectively, at 12,000-8000 cal. BP, 8000-6000 cal. BP, 6000-1900 cal. BP, and 1900 cal. BP to Present. The last of these phases occurred earlier, at 4200 cal. BP, in Lake Petit.The triggering of soil erosion has systematically been hinged on periods of heavy precipitation affecting landscapes rendered vulnerable, by human societies, to the effects of such perturbations.

The goal of this master thesis is creation of an online system serving as a performing application for presentation results of visual geo-localization in nature and mountain environment. The system offers the users to choose one of the pre-defined photographs or~to~upload one's own photography while choosing a file or inserting an URL address. The~system will localizate a camera of a given image based on a visual geo-localization. The~geo-localization uses the mountain horizon as a key characteristic when searching for similar horizons. The~curve line of the horizon is extracted by a fully automatic algorithm based on supervised learning and dynamic programming. Visual geo-localization running on the server which using new inversed index with cache politic. This allows further scaling of the system. The server processing detected horizon curve and respond with set of the best candidates on results. Results are visualised to the user in form of classic map, detailed sattelite view and rendering of found panorama.