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Christian disunity, as has been shown by Rouse and Neill, has been a major problem in the Church from the time of its inception. In Apostolic times Paul had to face serious dissension at Corinth and elsewhere. The great councils of the 4th and 5th centuries were convened to settle doctrinal disputes. The schism between Eastern and Western Christianity, which finally became permanent at about the end of the 12th century, was the result of thoroughgoing doctrinal as well as cultural differences. At the Reformation, Christianity was again drastically divided and between the 16th and 19th centuries,divisions were greatly multiplied. Chap. 1, p. 1.

The purpose of the study was to establish a new place order in the transport grain for taxis through a design that will suit the urban context. It attempts to render taxis and their associated facilities preferable and acceptable for the city user and bystander. The relationship between time and movement was studied to generate a design concept that depicts the path of the user as an experience of comfort and convenience. A quantitative and qualitative method was applied. The study examined current taxi ranks through case studies, site visits, interviews and discussions. This information was interpreted within an urban scope. The process of elimination defined the urban taxi facility. Certain requirements gained prominence to achieve the aim of a sustainable multi-functional facility with the user as primary focus. The main conclusion was that architects have a responsibility towards the environment, and should design spaces that display a relationship between human and nature thereby creating a new typology for taxi facilities. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

This thesis is concerned with the modelling of sea ice, particularly in regions where it is composed of individual floes interacting through collisions. This has been done by modifying and extending existing models that have demonstrated their ability to simulate sea ice in various Arctic and Antarctic regions. The purpose of this study is the introduction of the representation of floes, in terms of their size and number, into a sea ice model, thus adding a feedback mechanism and a further output to the output fields normally produced by sea ice models, the ice velocity and the ice thickness distribution and the ice concen tration. Many of the physical processes concerning floes that are relevant to a sea ice model have not yet been investigated quantitatively. These aspects of floe behaviour used as model input are calculated from idealized mechanical models of a floe field. These include determinations of floe collision rates, side melting of floes and the cracking of floes in high winds. The strength of the pack ice is investigated, and in particular the effect of open water on the strength is considered. The shape of a plastic yield curve used in the model to determine the ice interaction forces is derived theoretically. The model used includes both thermodynamics and dynamics. The ice thickness characteristics and floe sizes change due to growing and melting, advection, floe cracking, floe collisions, and redistribution processes such as ridging and rafting. Daily wind and temperature data together with long term ocean currents are used as input to drive the model. The results of a six month simulation of the sea ice development in the (Eas t) Greenland region are presented and discussed together with a comparison with the observations.

The concept of sleep disturbance is rather vague. Many people claim to suffer from sleep disturbance, but yet find it hard to describe exactly what they mean by the label in subjective terms. Sleep researchers have a similar problem, it is difficult to describe what is meant by sleep disturbance either in an objective or a subjective way, and harder still to relate sleep disturbance to sleepiness shown the following day.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether judgment, of amplitude of active movement was subserved by a prothetic or metathetic process. To differentiate between these two processes several psychophysical methods were employed. Fifty volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of five groups of equal N. Each of the groups produced movements under one of five experimental conditions. These conditions were: Ratio Production, Magnitude Production, Bisection of Ascending Stimulus Series, Bisection of Descending Stimulus Series, and Category Production The results of Group I (R.P.) and Group II (M.P.) showed that judgments of amplitude of movement were constant over the movement continuum as used in this study. There was also a lack of an hysteresis effect shown in the comparison of bisections of ascending and descending stimulus series. The comparison of the subjective and physical variables of category production also showed constant sensitivity over the continuum range. Taken as a whole, the findings tended to support the conclusion that judgments of amplitude of movement are subserved by a metathetic process. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Rafael Leonardo Xediek Consani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T14:57:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_MichelleCristina_M.pdf: 433524 bytes, checksum: 7d01d350cce34280c9bae82f9e766739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O propósito neste estudo foi verificar a movimentação linear de dentes em prótese total superior confeccionada em resina acrílica, com conteúdo de monômero na proporção monômero-polímero indicado pelo fabricante, com 25% de excesso e com 25% a menos, nas técnicas de polimerização convencional e por microondas. Foram confeccionados 30 modelos em gesso pedra tipo III, a partir de um molde de silicone, representando uma arcada maxilar desdentada com rebordo normal. As bases de prova foram confeccionadas com espessura de ±2,5mm e os planos de orientação em cera, com 1cm de altura posterior e 2 cm de altura anterior. O modelo de gesso com o plano de orientação em cera foi fixado no ramo superior do articulador semi-ajustável, com distância intercondilar média, ângulo de Bennet em 15 graus e guia condilar em 30 graus. Em seguida, um modelo de arcada mandibular dentada foi posicionado sobre o plano de cera do modelo superior e fixado na haste inferior do articulador, posicionando o pino incisal em zero. Depois da montagem dos dentes artificiais, o modelo da prótese foi removido do articulador e moldado com silicone. Os dentes foram colocados no molde e sobre eles foi vertida cera rosa liquefeita, até o completo preenchimento do molde. Antes da solidificação da cera, o modelo de gesso foi adaptado no molde e mantido em posição até o completo esfriamento da cera, quando o conjunto modelo de gesso-base de prova com dentes artificiais foi removido do molde. Foram confeccionados pontos referenciais sobre a região mediana da borda incisal dos incisivos centrais, cúspide vestibular dos primeiros pré-molares e cúspide disto-vestibular dos segundos molares, por meio de perfurações para fixação de segmentos de alfinetes metálicos com adesivo instantâneo à base de cianoacrilato. As mensurações foram realizadas nas distâncias transversais entre: incisivos centrais; primeiros pré-molares; e segundos molares, e ântero-posteriores entre: incisivo central direito e molar direito; incisivo central esquerdo e molar esquerdo, com microscópio comparador linear antes da inclusão e depois do acabamento das próteses. Nos grupos com proporção recomendada pelos fabricantes, as próteses foram prensadas convencionalmente. Nos demais grupos, os mesmos procedimentos foram adotados, com exceção da proporção de monômero que foi de 25% a mais ou 25% a menos. Os dados de deslocamento dental foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (5%). Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos com quantidade de monômero recomendada pelo fabricante (grupo controle) e os demais grupos tanto na polimerização convencional como por microondas. A alteração na quantidade de monômero para mais ou para menos em relação à proporção monômero-polímero não influenciou a movimentação dental linear nos sentidos transversal e ântero-posterior. / Abstract: The purpose of the study was to verify the linear displacement of the teeth in complete upper denture made with acrylic resin, with monomer content indicated by the manufacturer, with 25% in excess and 25% less, in the conventional and microwaves polymerization techniques. Thirty casts were made with type III stone plaster, based on silicone mould, representing an edentulous maxillary arch with normal edge. The wax baseplates were manufactured in a ±2.5mm thickness and the wax rims with 10 mm of posterior height and 20 mm of anterior height. The stone cast related with the wax rim was fixed at the top stem of semi-adjustable articulator, adjusting the intercondylar distance in Medium, the angle of Bennet in 15 degrees and the condylar guidance in 30 degrees. A mandibular arch with teeth was placed on the wax rim and fixed on the bottom shaft of the articulator, positioning the incisal pin to zero. After mounting the artificial teeth, the denture was removed from the articulator and impressed with silicone. The teeth were placed in the impression mold and over them it was poured a liquid wax, until the mold filling was completed. Before solidification of the wax, the stone cast mold was adapted in the impression and kept in position until the wax setting. After wax setting, the stone cast- denture with artificial teeth set was removed from the silicone impression. Reference points were fixed over the median region of the incisal edge of central incisors, buccal cusp of the first premolar and distal-buccal cusp of the second molars in drill holes performed for fixation of the metal pin segments with instantaneous adhesive based on cyanoacrylate. The measurements were made in the transverse distances among: central incisors; first premolar; second molar, and anteroposterior among: central right incisor and right molar; central left incisor and left molar, with a linear comparator microscope before and after denture procedure. In the groups with monomer content recommended by the manufacturer, the dentures were conventionally pressed. In the other groups, the same procedures were adopted, with exception of the monomer content that was 25% in excess or 25% less. The dental displacement data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%). There was no statistically significant difference among the groups with the monomer content recommended by the manufacturer and other groups, in both conventional and microwaved activations. To change the content of monomer to more or less in relation to monomer-polymer proportion did not influence the linear displacement of the teeth in transverse or anteroposterior directions. / Mestrado / Protese Dental / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Les enquêtes religieuses réalisées après la Seconde Guerre mondiale soulignent le dynamisme du diocèse d’Annecy. Toutefois, aucune étude n’a été menée jusqu’à présent sur le sujet. C’est pourquoi il semble intéressant d’étudier son évolution entre la Séparation (1905) et le Concile Vatican II (1962) par une démarche monographique. Cette longue durée, couvrant intégralement trois épiscopats, permet ainsi une meilleure appréciation de l’évolution du diocèse dans sa pratique, mais également dans sa vitalité religieuse. La mise en place de la loi de Séparation pose un certain nombre de problèmes, mais donne également l’occasion de souligner le « catholicisme bleu » du diocèse. Les laïcs apparaissent alors sur le devant de la scène, favorisant ainsi l’éclosion des mouvements d’action catholique qui progressent tout au long de la période, et ce malgré les deux guerres mondiales. Ils contribuent ainsi à entretenir le dynamisme diocésain même si le rôle des évêques et du clergé ne doit pas être négligé. Cet élan ne doit toutefois pas faire oublier les tensions qui apparaissent autour d’un certain nombre de mouvements et des enjeux politiques. Entre 1939 et 1945, le diocèse se distingue par le rôle d’un certain nombre de ses prêtres qui apportent leur aide à la Résistance, tout comme les laïcs nombreux à rejoindre les rangs de l’armée des Ombres, mais également par l’assassinat de prêtres accusés de collaboration.Les vocations sont un centre d’intérêt constant tout au long de la période et les efforts menés dès le début de l’étude permettent au diocèse de ne pas connaître trop rapidement la crise du sacerdoce. Les années d’après-guerre sont tournées à la fois vers les vocations, l’école libre, qui reste un sujet de préoccupation, mais aussi vers les nouvelles formes de la pastorale. La mise en place de ces dernières sont concomitantes des enquêtes de sociologie et des missions régionales qui permettent d’obtenir une photographie du diocèse à la veille du Concile. / The religious surveys made after the Second World War stress the dynamism of the Diocese of Annecy. However this matter has not been examined until now. That is why it seems interesting to study its evolution between the separation of Church and State (1905) and Council Vatican II (1962) using a monographic approach.The enforcement of the Law of " Separation" raised some problems but also gave the opportunity to stress " The Blue Catholicism " of the diocese. As a consequence, Laymen appeared on the Front of the Stage, inducing the rising of Catholic movements which grew throughout this period inspire of the two World Wars. This helped to maintain the dynamism of the Diocese thought the part played by the bishops and the clergy must not be forgotten. However, inspire of the impulse, we can notice a tension between catholic movements and political stakes. Between 1939 and 1945, we must remember the part played by several priests who helped the French Resistance movement. Numerous laymen joined The " Army of the Shadows " and some priests suspected of being collaborationists were murdered. Throughout this period, the efforts made from the beginning of the study, allowed the diocese not to know too quickly the Crisis of priesthood related with calls to the Church. After the war, these were the main concerts as well as religious schools and the news forms of the Pastoral concomitant with sociological surveys and local missions which gives us a photography of the diocese on the eve of the Council.

The pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus is an endangered sturgeon distributed throughout the Mississippi River drainage. Habitat selection and movement have been identified as critical conservation information. Seventy-one pallid sturgeon were tagged with acoustic transmitters in the lower Mississippi River (LMR), and 53 sturgeon were tagged in the Atchafalaya River System (ARS). Twenty-two pallid sturgeon in the LMR and 30 in the ARS were monitored using stationary acoustic receivers to assess short-term movement. Pallid sturgeon in the LMR showed positive selection for island tip, outside-bend natural bank, wing dike, sandbar, outside-bend revetted bank, and secondary channel habitats. Pallid sturgeon in the ARS exhibited positive selection for both inside and outside-bend revetted banks, inside-bend natural banks, and water control structures. Fish selected against the main channel in both systems. Short-term movement in the LMR and ARS was minimal and not related to any of the tested environmental factors.