No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

Recreational SCUBA diving has grown tremendously along most of the southern Mozambican coastline in the last eight years. This growth was not accompanied with management actions, largely due to a lack of baseline information and appropriate regulations. A number of aspects of the industry were thus covered in this study to redress this shortfall. Information was collected on divers and diving pressure in southern Mozambique using questionnaires and dive log sheets distributed through local dive centres. The diving pressure was estimated at 42 500 dives in 2001 and 62 000 dives in 2002, and occurs at about 20 dive sites. More than 50% of the diving occurs on five reefs, three of which were included in the study. Surveys using visual techniques were conducted on six reefs subjected to different diving pressures, ranging from minimal ( 6 000 dives.year-I). Divers visiting southern Mozambique were found to be mostly educated South African males in their 30s. They are experienced and committed divers, satisfied with their diving experiences in the area and sensitive to reef conservation issues. The reefs differed in benthic composition, with three mam reef groups identified through multivariate analysis. All were typified by prolific soft corals but one included an abundance of branching Acropora and the other an abundance of foliose hard corals, thus differentiating the three groups. Reef fish communities also differed among the reefs. While prey species diversity was generally similar on all the reefs, two included high densities of piscivorous species. The present levels of SCUBA diving appeared to be having no deleterious effects on the reef communities, especially when compared to other disturbances such as storms and fishing. The sustainable diving capacity was estimated to be 7000 dives/year/dive site. The overall effects of recreational diving activities in southern Mozambique are discussed, along with future research needs and the management implications of the study. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Dept. of Sociology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Africa is currently experiencing a movement toward more democratic systems of government. The causes of such changes are numerous, but the literature on African democratization, like that on similar changes elsewhere in the world, places emphasis on the role of internal or domestic factors. The role of international pressures toward democratization is almost completely ignored. The case of Mozambique illustrates the dangers of such an omission. During the past decade Mozambique has undergone considerable political change. The single-party, Marxist-Leninist oriented state has been replaced by a multi-party system, devoid of explicit references to any guiding ideology. The government has also expanded its contacts with the West, particularly by means of its assuming membership of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. These changes in Mozambique's political orientation have been accompanied by economic reforms, designed to arrest the precipitous decline in the Mozambican economy. In this dissertation I argue that the causes of both the economic and political reforms lie in this decline and in the government's need to secure capital and debt relief internationally. In order to do this, the Mozambican government had to change the aspects of its political system which were seen as being unacceptable by the West, in particular the lack of multi-party competition and its overtly Marxist orientation and close ties to socialist countries. Because the reforms had their primary genesis in Mozambique's need for international acceptance and not in the growth of popularly based democratic organisations, the reforms are fragile and their meaningfulness questionable.

No abstract available / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

For a successful and economical integrated control program aimed at a particular disease, pertinent information, regarding the environmental conditions prevailing in the growing area, the crop itself and the pathogen, must be available. Recently, the control of powdery mildew disease on cashew has moved from the use of non-systemic fungicides with a wide range of action, to highly specific systemic ones. Such a shift requires a more effective integrated control system, whereby tolerant varieties in combination with fungicide unaffected biocontrol agents are timely used to ensure disease control and reduce the hazards associated with excessive fungicide applications. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between the disease epidemic and some climatic factors over time. Appropriate periods for management interventions were determined. The cellular host reaction to infection by Oidium anacardii Noack was studied with a view to rapidly identify disease tolerant host types. Potential antagonists were isolated, screened and compared with commercial biocontrol products using in vivo techniques and chemical control programs were finally evaluated. Electron microscopy elucidated that the powdery mildew tolerant cashew variety (H1) had a relatively higher consistency of cytoplasmic aggregates upon infection by O. anacardii when compared to the susceptible clone. Based on conidia and conidiophore morphology, conidial germination and conidiogenesis processes observed indicated that O. anacardii belongs to the subgenus Pseudoidium (Y.S. Paul&J.N. Kapoor) comb.Et. Stat. Nov. (Holomorph Erysiphe Sect. Erysiphe U. Braun). There was no direct relationship between the progress of the cashew powdery mildew epidemic and temperature, relative humidity or dew point over time. However, the epidemic did not start until conditions of average temperatures under the tree canopy were below 30°C, relative humidity was 80% and dew point was above 15. In vivo screening of 72 isolates, amongst them bacteria and fungi, from cashew leaves and florets showed that none were effective against O. anacardii, the causal agent of cashew powdery mildew. However, commercial antagonists, Candida saitoana, Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis, significantly reduced the growth and branching of primary hyphae. One antagonist, B. licheniformis, was as effective as the commercial fungicide triadimenol 25% EC (Bayfidan). Chemical fungicides were found to be effective against powdery mildew; however, the currently prevailing economic environment in Mozambique was found inappropriate for the use of expensive organic fungicides. Additional gain from the use of fungicides was found to be solely qualitative and thus did not represent a fair investment return ratio in terms of cashew nut prices and production costs. The use of integrated cashew management was finally recommended. Further studies should focus on development of integrated and cost effective disease management strategies. / Dissertation (MSc(Plant Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

This research study proposes, through case study research, to uncover and understand some of the business challenges and obstacles faced by entrepreneurs and SME business owners in Mozambique, with a view to developing a set of recommendations aimed at both the priate sector sole players and the overnment policy makers. / Through this report, the researcher sets out to understand the challenges to doing business in rural Mozambique by documenting and discussing the case study of Vilanculos Madeira Lda. With this understanding and in the context of the literature, the researcher then tries to develop some practical recommendations for both the government and the private sector, such that these challenges can be reduced and further Small and Medium Enterprise growth can continue. The literature indicates that Mozambique’s economy is growing rapidly, but that there are a number of challenges to doing business in the country for both local and foreign investors (the VM case study supports this notion). In the literature review, the researcher has documented a number of other relevant and interesting case studies of how similar challenges to doing business have been tackled by other countries around the world, and it is these case studies that form the grounds to some of the recommendations of this report. It is a conclusion of the researcher that a large number of the challenges identified stem from shortfalls in the current regulatory environment of Mozambique, particularly how these regulations are implemented and enforced. To assist with structuring the report, the researcher has used the 10 areas of business regulation as described in the World Bank’s “Doing Business” series of reports. As such, the recommendations aimed at the government and policy makers of Mozambique are presented in the above mentioned structure and speak of the various regulatory reforms that the researcher feels need to take place to improve the situation. It is in this context that the case studies of reform that are documented in the literature review prove to be so informative. It is from these case studies that the reader is led to understand that the most important element of correcting Mozambique’s challenging business environment emanates from creating the case for change. If the government and its leaders do not see the need for change, the battle is surely lost. However, if government does see need for change and they appoint the right kinds of leadership to lead the change, there is no reason why Mozambique could not overcome the documented challenges and become a shining example of reform in Africa. In the context of the private sector, the researcher has concluded that the best the business owners and managers can do is to learn to comply and work within the limits imposed by the current regulatory setup, as there is not much opportunity for the private sector to change the regulatory environment. Therefore the recommendations to the private sector are more geared towards compliance and how to achieve it, whilst also working with organised structures like chambers of business to help create the case for change.

This research study proposes, through case study research, to uncover and understand some of the business challenges and obstacles faced by entrepreneurs and SME business owners in Mozambique, with a view to developing a set of recommendations aimed at both the priate sector sole players and the overnment policy makers. / Through this report, the researcher sets out to understand the challenges to doing business in rural Mozambique by documenting and discussing the case study of Vilanculos Madeira Lda. With this understanding and in the context of the literature, the researcher then tries to develop some practical recommendations for both the government and the private sector, such that these challenges can be reduced and further Small and Medium Enterprise growth can continue. The literature indicates that Mozambique’s economy is growing rapidly, but that there are a number of challenges to doing business in the country for both local and foreign investors (the VM case study supports this notion). In the literature review, the researcher has documented a number of other relevant and interesting case studies of how similar challenges to doing business have been tackled by other countries around the world, and it is these case studies that form the grounds to some of the recommendations of this report. It is a conclusion of the researcher that a large number of the challenges identified stem from shortfalls in the current regulatory environment of Mozambique, particularly how these regulations are implemented and enforced. To assist with structuring the report, the researcher has used the 10 areas of business regulation as described in the World Bank’s “Doing Business” series of reports. As such, the recommendations aimed at the government and policy makers of Mozambique are presented in the above mentioned structure and speak of the various regulatory reforms that the researcher feels need to take place to improve the situation. It is in this context that the case studies of reform that are documented in the literature review prove to be so informative. It is from these case studies that the reader is led to understand that the most important element of correcting Mozambique’s challenging business environment emanates from creating the case for change. If the government and its leaders do not see the need for change, the battle is surely lost. However, if government does see need for change and they appoint the right kinds of leadership to lead the change, there is no reason why Mozambique could not overcome the documented challenges and become a shining example of reform in Africa. In the context of the private sector, the researcher has concluded that the best the business owners and managers can do is to learn to comply and work within the limits imposed by the current regulatory setup, as there is not much opportunity for the private sector to change the regulatory environment. Therefore the recommendations to the private sector are more geared towards compliance and how to achieve it, whilst also working with organised structures like chambers of business to help create the case for change.

This is an analysis of the potential for creating a sustainable value-chain for tourism in the Nampula province in northern Mozambique. Research for this analysis has been conducted both in Mozambique from a supply and community perspective and from the international demand level in Sweden. The study establishes that Nampula has the resources in the form of scenic landscapes, pristine beaches and a rich cultural and historical heritage that give ample potential to build a tourism industry. There are however, several obstacles that have to be overcome if the development of a tourism industry is to become reality. These obstacles include poor infrastructure, problems of marketing, a rather unvaried tourism supply, financial and monetary policy issues, low skills and knowledge, low integration of local production with the tourism sector, intricate bureaucracy, insufficient dialogue and socio- cultural issues.Analyses of international demand show a view of Mozambique as an expensive tourist destination with lower standards than competing destinations with similar price-levels. Marketing of tourism supply in Mozambique, and especially in Nampula, do not reach the international tourism market to any substantial degree and what actually does reach the market caters more for the luxury end.The most important conclusions drawn from this study are that substantial infrastructural development is needed on all levels and that there is a need to incorporate sustainable thinking within all measures and activities regarding tourism development. Furthermore, in order to attract larger volumes and different categories of tourists, diversification of tourist activities is required together with general improvements in standards of facilities and value-for-money. Regional cooperation and a wider focus on Nampula’s tourist-attracting opportunities such as culture-conscious tourism might help to create a local “trademark” and improve marketing options and possibilities. There is also need for increased access to basic education and information to facilitate the integration of local communities with the tourism sector. In addition, increased cross-sector coordination and dialogue are vital to an integrated and sustainable development of the tourism sector. For example, local agricultural development and improved distribution channels should not only be regarded as ends in themselves but also as beneficial towards the tourism industry – and vice versa.

<p>This is an analysis of the potential for creating a sustainable value-chain for tourism in the Nampula province in northern Mozambique. Research for this analysis has been conducted both in Mozambique from a supply and community perspective and from the international demand level in Sweden. The study establishes that Nampula has the resources in the form of scenic landscapes, pristine beaches and a rich cultural and historical heritage that give ample potential to build a tourism industry. There are however, several obstacles that have to be overcome if the development of a tourism industry is to become reality. These obstacles include poor infrastructure, problems of marketing, a rather unvaried tourism supply, financial and monetary policy issues, low skills and knowledge, low integration of local production with the tourism sector, intricate bureaucracy, insufficient dialogue and socio- cultural issues.Analyses of international demand show a view of Mozambique as an expensive tourist destination with lower standards than competing destinations with similar price-levels. Marketing of tourism supply in Mozambique, and especially in Nampula, do not reach the international tourism market to any substantial degree and what actually does reach the market caters more for the luxury end.The most important conclusions drawn from this study are that substantial infrastructural development is needed on all levels and that there is a need to incorporate sustainable thinking within all measures and activities regarding tourism development. Furthermore, in order to attract larger volumes and different categories of tourists, diversification of tourist activities is required together with general improvements in standards of facilities and value-for-money. Regional cooperation and a wider focus on Nampula’s tourist-attracting opportunities such as culture-conscious tourism might help to create a local “trademark” and improve marketing options and possibilities. There is also need for increased access to basic education and information to facilitate the integration of local communities with the tourism sector. In addition, increased cross-sector coordination and dialogue are vital to an integrated and sustainable development of the tourism sector. For example, local agricultural development and improved distribution channels should not only be regarded as ends in themselves but also as beneficial towards the tourism industry – and vice versa.</p>