A competitividade de uma organização e, consequentemente, sua prosperidade perante concorridos mercados, depende muito da capacidade de inovação e aprimoramento de seus produtos/serviços e processos. A procura por melhores padrões de manufatura e serviços prestados aos clientes, além das aplicações de novas técnicas gerenciais, de melhoria contínua, de otimização e de tomada de decisão, têm atraído a atenção das organizações. O esforço criativo humano deve propor abordagens de caráter competitivo, combinando ferramentas e técnicas, conhecidas ou não, a fim de melhorarem seus desempenhos. Assim, o objetivo desta tese foi propor uma estrutura analítica integrando de forma sequencial o processo de melhoria contínua DMAIC e o método de análise multicriterial para tomada de decisão Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), com vistas às aplicações em operações de distribuição física de bebidas. Em um primeiro momento, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, foi proposta uma estrutura geral, denominada Estrutura Analítica DMAIC/AHP, envolvendo as teorias supracitadas. Além disso, com o auxílio de um estudo de caso, foi proposta uma estrutura detalhada para a tentativa de melhoria da operação de distribuição física de bebidas em uma empresa na cidade de Ribeirão Preto. O foco esteve também na oportunidade de se obter maior conhecimento do processo em estudo e melhorar o embasamento para a tomada de decisão. A aplicação da estrutura analítica foi dividida em três fases: fase 1 - definições para o projeto de melhoria; fase 2 - condução do processo de melhoria em si; e fase 3 (denominada metafase) - responsável por monitorar/acompanhar as atividades do projeto. A aplicação em um caso real permitiu a proposta de atividades e ferramentas para entendimento e aperfeiçoamento do processo; além de alternativas de decisão frente aos problemas encontrados; deu embasamento para a tomada de decisão no momento de se implementarem as melhorias e apresentou instrumentos para manutenção e controle das alterações propostas no projeto. Um ganho evidente com a junção das teorias foi que houve um auxílio mútuo entre elas. Dessa forma, o processo de melhoria contínua DMAIC, por meio de suas etapas minuciosas de conhecimentos de processos e de causas de problemas, pôde embasar de forma robusta a definição do modelo hierárquico do AHP, desde o objetivo geral a ser atingido, passando pelos critérios de decisão, até se chegar às alternativas de decisão propostas para o processo em estudo. Por outro lado, como o DMAIC não apresenta um método de tomada de decisão atraente, o AHP pôde auxiliar na tomada de decisão multicriterial de forma mais organizada, consistente e assertiva. / The competitiveness of an organization and consequently its prosperity before competitive markets, depends widely on the capacity for innovation and improvement of its products/services and processes. The pursuit for better manufacturing standards and services provided to customers, in addition to the applications of new management techniques, continuous improvement, optimization and decision-making, have attracted attention of organizations. The human creative effort should propose approaches of competitive basis, combining tools and techniques, known or not, in order to improve their performance. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to propose an analytical structure integrating sequentially the process of continuous improvement DMAIC of Six Sigma and the multi-criteria analysis method for decision making Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), in order to apply in real cases in beverage industries. At first, through a literature search, it was proposed a general structure, called Analytical Structure DMAIC/AHP, involving the above theories. In addition, with a case study aid, it was proposed a detailed structure attempting to improve the operation of physical distribution for beverages in a company in the city of Ribeirão Preto. The focus was also on the opportunity to gain greater knowledge of the process under study and improve the foundation for decision making. The application of analytical structure was divided into three phases: phase 1 - definitions for the improvement project; phase 2 - implementation of the improvement process itself; and phase 3 (called metaphase) - responsible for monitoring/following the activities of the project. The application in a real case allowed the proposal of activities and tools for the understanding and improvement of the process, as well as possibilities for more alternatives to problems encountered; provided foundation for decision making at the time of implementing the improvements and presented tools for maintenance and control of changes proposed in the project. An obvious gain from the junction of the theories was that there was a mutual aid between them. Thus, the process of continuous improvement DMAIC, through its detailed stages of knowledge of processes and causes of problems could robustly base the definition of the hierarchical model of AHP, since the overall objective to be attained, passing through the decision criteria, until they get to the alternatives of decisions proposed for the process under study. On the other hand, as the DMAIC does not present an attractive method of decision-making, AHP could assist in multi-criteria decision making more organized, consistent and assertive.

Orientadores: Ademar Ribeiro Romeiro, Carlos António Bana e Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:37:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaivaSobrinho_Ranulfo_D.pdf: 6557662 bytes, checksum: 2f7eb436204a8ff75f5d84c0b6e5ab1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O trabalho tem dois objetivos teórico-metodológicos: 1) propor um protótipo de um sistema de moeda complementar (Sustento), mostrando que este pode ser um instrumento efetivo para solucionar problemas socioecológicos. 2) Integrar três metodologias, até então usadas separadamente, (a) processo MACBETH de apoio à decisão, (b) dinâmica de sistemas e (c) modelo baseado em agentes (ABM). Essa integração multimetodológica objetiva dar suporte aos tomadores de decisões, especificamente, realizar avaliação ex-ante de suas ações. O processo MACBETH, através da fase de estruturação, permitiu identificar os elementos que compõe o modelo de dinâmica de sistemas. Este último, associado com ABM permitiu que os decisores avaliassem, ex-ante, o impacto de ações propostas pela análise multicritério. Para mostrar a viabilidade da integração das metodologias, a adoção do Sustento pelos potenciais usuários foi avaliada antes de sua aplicação usando as referidas metodologias. O Sustento objetiva incentivar a revegetação de propriedades rurais e fortalecer economia local ao servir como meio de troca. A moeda complementar tem o potencial de aumentar as chances de implementação de soluções aos problemas sócio-ambientais ao reduzir a limitação das mesmas frente aos recursos financeiros tradicionais. Testou-se o impacto da opinião negativa de alguns proprietários quanto à implantação do Sustento sobre os demais agricultores familiares. Conclui-se que os objetivos propostos pela tese foram alcançados e que a integração das metodologias mostrou-se útil para apoiar os decisores e possui potencial de aplicação em casos reais / Abstract: The work has two theoretical and methodological objectives: 1) to propose a prototype of a system of complementary currency (Sustento), showing that this can be an effective tool to solve socio-ecological problems. Integrate three methods hitherto used separately, (a) MACBETH decision support process, (b) system dynamic and (c) agent based model (ABM). This multimethodology integration aims to support decision makers, specifically undertake ex-ante assessment of their actions. The MACBETH process by its structuring phase, identified the elements that compose the system dynamics model. The latter, associated with ABM allowed decision makers assess, ex-ante, the impact of proposed actions by multiple criteria analysis. To show the feasibility of integrating methodologies, the adoption of the Sustento by potential users was evaluated before its application using these methodologies. The objective of the Sustento was to encourage the revegetation of farms and strengthen the local economy by serving as a medium of exchange. The complementary currency has the potential to increase the chances of implementing solutions to social and environmental problems by reducing the restriction of the same front to traditional financial resources. We tested the impact of the negative view of some owners as to implementation of Sustento on other farmers. It is concluded that the objectives proposed by the thesis have been achieved and that the integration of methodologies was useful to support decision-makers and has potential application to real cases / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

This thesis presents a framework capable of integrating hard (physics-based) and soft (people-generated) data for the purpose of achieving increased situational assessment (SA) and effective course of action (CoA) generation upon risk identification. The proposed methodology is realized through the extension of an existing Risk Management Framework (RMF). In this work, the RMF’s SA capabilities are augmented via the injection of soft data features into its risk modeling; the performance of these capabilities is evaluated via a newly-proposed risk-centric information fusion effectiveness metric. The framework’s CoA generation capabilities are also extended through the inclusion of people-generated data, capturing important subject matter expertise and providing mission-specific requirements. Furthermore, this work introduces a variety of CoA-related performance measures, used to assess the fitness of each individual potential CoA, as well as to quantify the overall chance of mission success improvement brought about by the inclusion of soft data. This conceptualization is validated via experimental analysis performed on a combination of real- world and synthetically-generated maritime scenarios. It is envisioned that the capabilities put forth herein will take part in a greater system, capable of ingesting and seamlessly integrating vast amounts of heterogeneous data, with the intent of providing accurate and timely situational updates, as well as assisting in operational decision making.

This Thesis is focused on analysis of real project in Studený village. In introductory chapter there is detailed analysis and evaluation of the implemented project of multipurpose playground, using project management tools. Current situation of Studený village is ilustrated by using SWOT analysis. On the real project of the multipurpose playground there are also explaind strog and week parts of future using of the playground and it draws attention on its threats and opportunities. In theoretical part there are described methods of multicriterial decision making, expert team selection models, theory of social selection and project managment methods. In the following chapter there is shown practical utilization, on the real projetct of multipurpose playground in Studený, according to TOPSIS, AHP and ORESTE methods. Attention is drawn on possible problems with social selection using Dodgsons examples and there are suggested countermeasures with help of Condorcets funcion and SPAN method. The Thesis shows the necessity of these methods and their application on a real project.

Diploma thesis deals with analysis of energy resources. The aim is to map the potential of renewable resources in the Czech Republic and through multicriteria decision making to assess the potential investment options in renewable energy in the Czech Republic.

Main task of the thesis, as it is clear from its name, is the application of operations research methods, which could be used for selecting suppliers of electricity for the home. In the first part of thesis the functioning of the electricity market in the Czech Republic is explained and the theoretical assumptions, which are necessary for understanding the issue is described. In the practical part of the thesis some methods of multicriteria decision making and of data envelopment analysis models are presented. The results of each method are explained in detail and they are compared with results of other methods.

This thesis is devoted toMultiobjective Optimization Design (MOOD) procedures for controller tuning applications, by means of EvolutionaryMultiobjective Optimization (EMO).With such purpose, developments on tools, procedures and guidelines to facilitate this process have been realized. This thesis is divided in four parts. The first part, namely Fundamentals, is devoted on the one hand, to cover the theorical background required for this Thesis; on the other hand, it provides a state of the art review on current applications of MOOD for controller tuning. The second part, Preliminary contributions on controller tuning, states early contributions using the MOOD procedure for controller tuning, identifying gaps on methodologies and tools used in this procedure. The contribution within this part is to identify the gaps between the three fundamental steps of theMOOD procedure: problemdefinition, search and decisionmaking. These gaps are the basis for the developments presented in parts III and IV. The third part, Contributions on MOOD tools, is devoted to improve the tools used in Part II. Although applications on the scope of this thesis are related to controller tuning, such improvements can also be used in other engineering fields. The first contribution regards the decision making process, where tools and guidelines for design concepts comparison in m-dimensional Pareto fronts are stated. The second contribution focuses on amending the gap between search process and decisionmaking. With this in mind, a mechanism for preference inclusion within the evolutionary process is developed. With this it is possible to calculate pertinent approximations of the Pareto front; furthermore, it allows to deal efficiently with many-objective and constrained optimization instances. Finally, in the fourth part, Final contributions on controller tuning, a stochastic sampling procedure for proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers is proposed, to guarantee that (1) any sampled controller will stabilize the closed loop and (2) any stabilizing controller could be sampled. Afterwards, two control engineering benchmarks are solved using this sampling strategy, the MOOD guidelines highlighted trough this Thesis for multivariable controller tuning and the tools developed in Part III. / Reynoso Meza, G. (2014). Controller Tuning by Means of Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization: a Holistic Multiobjective Optimization Design Procedure [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38248 / Alfresco

Les réseaux de données actuels sont des entités complexes qui opèrent dans des environnements dynamiques et hétérogènes. L'architecture et les protocoles de ces réseaux doivent faire face à plusieurs défis, notamment l'adaptation dynamique et la prise de décisions autonome en présence de plusieurs critères, souvent contradictoires, tels que le délai, le taux de perte, la gigue, l'énergie, etc. Cependant, les problèmes de décision multicritère ont généralement de multiples solutions. Ces problèmes sont résolus par des méthodes qui utilisent des paramètres dont les choix ont des conséquences difficiles à prévoir. De ce fait, la plupart des méthodes de décision multicritère proposées dans la littérature supposent la présence d'un décideur qui guide le processus de décision. Enfin, le choix des paramètres suppose souvent une interactivité avec le décideur, ce qui est difficile, voire impossible, à envisager dans un contexte autonome. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode de décision multicritère adaptée aux systèmes autonomes en général et aux réseaux autonomes en particulier. La méthode de décision multicritère de type ``poupée russe'' que nous introduisons utilise un ensemble de boîtes de qualité englobantes, définies dans l'espace des critères, afin d'estimer une large gamme de fonctions d'utilité. D'une part, la méthode proposée s'adapte au caractère dynamique des réseaux autonomes, afin de maximiser la satisfaction des utilisateurs. D'autre part, elle utilise des paramètres qui sont soit directement déduits de faits objectifs, tels que des normes ou spécifications techniques, soit obtenus à l'aide d'une expérience de type MOS (Mean Opinion Score) au moyen d'une méthode de classification automatique. Nous avons testé les performances de la méthode de la poupée russe sur un cas pratique de routage dans les réseaux ad hoc sans fil. Les expérimentations ont montré que le routage réalisé avec la méthode de la poupée russe est toujours meilleur ou similaire à celui de la méthode de la somme pondérée qui est largement utilisée. Cela est dû à la capacité d'adaptation de la décision offerte par cette nouvelle méthode de décision multicritère / Today's data networks are complex entities that operate in dynamic and heterogeneous environments. The architecture and protocols of these networks have to face several challenges such as dynamic adaptation and autonomous decision-making in the presence of several, often conflicting, criteria such as delay, loss rate, jitter, energy, etc. However, multicriteria decision making problems usually have multiple solutions. These problems are solved by methods that use parameters whose choices have consequences difficult to predict. Thus, most multicriteria decision making methods proposed in the literature assume the presence of a decision maker who guides the decision process. Finally, the choice of parameter values often involves an interaction with the decision maker, which is difficult or impossible to do in an autonomous context. In this thesis, we propose a new multicriteria decision making method suitable for autonomous systems in general and autonomous networks in particular. The Russian doll like method we propose uses a set of nested quality boxes (like Russian dolls) defined in the criteria space, in order to approximate a wide range of utility functions. First, the proposed method adapts to the dynamic nature of autonomous networks in order to maximize user satisfaction. Second, it uses parameters that are directly deduced from objective facts such as technical standards or specifications, or obtained from a MOS (Mean Opinion Score) experiment using an automatic classification method. We tested the performance of the Russian doll like method in a case of routing in wireless ad hoc networks. Experiments have shown that routing done with the Russian doll like method is always better or similar to the one done by the weighted sum method which is widely used. This is due to the adaptation ability of the decision provided by this new multicriteria decision making method

Ce travail a pour objectif le développement d’une méthodologie de conception de procédés éco-efficaces, avec prise en compte simultanée de considérations écologiques et économiques lors de la phase de conception préliminaire de procédés chimiques. L’aspect environnemental est quantifié à travers l’utilisation d’un ensemble d’indicateurs selon les lignes directrices de concepts de développement durable. Le cadre conceptuel est basé sur une modélisation du procédé et de l’unité de production d’utilités, car l’impact environnemental d’un procédé est lié non seulement aux effluents directs du procédé, mais également à la consommation énergétique, l’effet du recyclage, de la conversion des matières premières … Dans ce but, le logiciel d’aide à la décision ARIANETM dédié à la gestion des utilités des unités de production (vapeur, électricité, eau …) et des effluents (CO2, SO2, NOx, etc..) a été couplé au modèle d’un procédé pour déterminer les besoins en énergies primaires et quantifier les émissions polluantes. Ces modèles ont ensuite été intégrés au sein d’une boucle d’optimisation multiobjectif, basée sur une variante d’un algorithme génétique multiobjectif de type NSGA-II (Non Sorted Genetic Algorithm). Le compromis entre les objectifs économiques et écologiques est illustré à travers la génération de fronts de Pareto. La sélection des meilleures solutions parmi cet ensemble est effectuée par utilisation de techniques d’analyse multicritère. L’exemple test bien connu du procédé de production de benzène par hydrodésalkylation du toluène (HDA) est revisité ici dans un mode multiobjectif pour illustrer l’utilité de l’approche pour trouver des solutions de conception économiques et écologiques. / This study aims at the development of a design methodology for eco-efficient processes, meaning that ecological and economic considerations are taken into account simultaneously at the preliminary design phase of chemical processes. The environmental aspect is quantified by using of a set of indicators following the guidelines of sustainability concepts. The design framework is based on a modelling approach considering both process and utility production units, since the environmental impact of a chemical process not only contains the material involved in the process but also the energy consumption, the effect of flow recycle, material conversion and so on... For this purpose, a decision support tool dedicated to the management of plant utilities (steam, electricity, water...) and pollutants (CO2, SO2, NOx, etc..), (ARIANETM package) was coupled to process modelling and used here both to compute the primary energy requirements of the process and to quantify its pollutant emissions. Both models were thus integrated in an outer multiobjective optimization loop, based on a variant of the so-called NSGA-II (Non Sorted Genetic Algorithm) multiobjective genetic algorithm. The trade-off between economic and environmental objectives is illustrated through the generation of Pareto fronts. The selection of the best design alternatives is performed through the use of multicriteria analysis. The well-known benchmark process for hydrodealkylation (HDA) of toluene to produce benzene, revisited here in a multi-objective mode, is used to illustrate the usefulness of the approach in finding environmentally friendly and cost-effective designs.

This diploma thesis as is mentioned on its title, deals with confrontation of the single territories of the Czech Republic. Plentitude of data was gathered together in other to make this camparison. These data were chosen with regard to the real--life decisions. Multicriteria decision making methods were used as an instrument for comparison making.