As multinational entities (MNEs) seek opportunities and expand into sub-Saharan Africa, they need to understand cultural differences and the impact of this on decision making. This study demonstrated through a literature review as well as through research, that previous assumptions with regard to the homogeneity of cultural value systems in sub-Saharan Africa that manifested as collectivist behaviours by individuals, are not necessarily valid. In fact, managers of MNEs’ subsidiaries displayed idiocentric behaviours associated with individualist cultures as a result of the countries’ rapid economic growth and globalisation. This has a significant impact on the way decision-making models should be built. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the preferred decision-making model for MNEs operating in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as to understand the requirement for role clarity in the decision-making model. The research method used in the study was quantitative. Managers in seven MNEs in Nigeria and Kenya were surveyed to ascertain their views on the preferred decision-making model and role clarity in the decision-making arena. The outcome of the research indicated that these managers prefer a participative decision-making model. Idiocentric managers want to be included in all local decision making while all managers want role clarity. This is relevant for MNEs as it will allow them to develop decision-making models that will meet the requirements of their managers as well as head office / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 17, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.). / Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/01/30). Written for the Dept. of Art History and Communication Studies. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Ed.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1998. / Bibliography: leaves 91-97.

This document is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree: Master of Architecture Professional at the School of Architecture and Planning, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2017. / This research report explores the spatial needs required to culturally experience public spaces through a brief study of the Mauritian context: historical, social, physical and cultural. The latter leads to theoretical research on how cultural behaviour in the Mauritian society informs an appropriate architectural design. A photographic analysis was implemented to identify the different aspects of ‘urban street culture’ as a tool to implement the ‘cultural street fair’, when creating cultural spaces in an urban environment. This has led to a better understanding of human scale and its economic and spatial limitations in a Mauritian urban context. More in-depth research on urban conditions and street functions, to fulfill required characteristics of street life was investigated to understand how to manipulate threshold features such as physical barriers, access, shelter, and opportunity for interaction. As a contextual point of view, the site, as a physical fragment of the present urban decay, was analysed through the urban theory: Finding lost spaces. This theory comprises of Figure-ground theory, Linkage theory and Place theory and multiple urban design principles / XL2018

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The public space is and has been an integral part of communities for centuries. It serves as a convenient setting for a broad variety of leisure and recreational activities, as well as enhancing the image and perceived value of a community. Recreational public spaces provide a location for people to meet, relax, and exchange ideas. They can serve the needs and interests of all kinds of people, young and old irrespective of their cultural backgrounds. This report seeks to trace the genealogy of people and their use of recreational public space. Thus it uncovers the history of how space is perceived, interpreted and understood by people who live in Yeoville. It focuses on the understanding of space as an agglomeration of people, objects and events.The report also seeks to conceptualize people’s perception on the use of recreational public space and explore the changing relationship between people and their use of space in Yeoville. Through the process of perception we create a sense of place, i.e. a relationship within a specific context. If a place is memorable, it is because it carries perceptual attributes such as clarity, differentiation, uniqueness, structure and form. Planning practice seems to overlook the importance of incorporating genealogy into planning for diversified cultural communities. The use of narratives or storytelling can have a great significance for planners when planning for these communities. Identifying the core components of a Good City Form and the production of space, the paper goes on to connect these elements based Lynch’s theory of ‘Good City Form’ which was propounded in 1981 and also Lebfebvre’s theory on ‘The Production of Space’ (1991), translated from La production de l’espace(1974). Lynch’s Good City Form (1981) form the theoretical base for this report as his five performance dimensions are used to measure whether Yeoville does meet the criteria.