In this study, the researcher examined the levels of cultural awareness and knowledge among graduate students enrolled in a counseling program at Mississippi State University. A secondary purpose was to assess differences in the level of cultural awareness between Caucasian and African American graduate students enrolled in this counseling program. The study continued the work of Cottrell (2004) who examined undergraduate student’s levels of cultural awareness and knowledge using the Culture Shock Inventory (CSI). Archival data from his study included a sample of 665 undergraduate students. The sample was extended to include 200 graduate students in a counseling program at Mississippi State University. The data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate analyses, t tests, for the group of undergraduate and graduate students on their levels of cultural awareness. A multivariate analysis, MANOVA procedure, followed by eight univariate tests, was conducted to study the difference between the two groups, undergraduate and graduate students, and to determine if differences existed between African American and Caucasian American graduate students in counseling. Results from the t-tests for the undergraduate group indicated that these students had low levels of cultural awareness. The t tests for the graduate students also indicated low levels of cultural awareness. The graduate students appeared to lack knowledge of different cultures and seemed to endorse high levels of Western ethnocentrism. The MANOVA procedure indicated statistically significant differences between the undergraduate and graduate students in cultural awareness, with the graduate students in counseling having higher levels of cultural awareness than the undergraduate students. No statistically significant differences in cultural awareness were found between the African and Caucasian American graduate students in counseling.The results of the study appeared to indicate that training in counseling increased graduate counseling student’s observational skills and sensitivity to behavioral cues in dealing with persons from other countries and cultures. However, the counseling students in the study appeared to retain an underlying Western ethnocentrism and a substantial cultural close-mindedness that would impede the counseling relationship when working with persons from foreign countries and other cultural heritages. Implications for the counseling training field were discussed.

Mondialisation et cultures populaires à Barbade et Trinidad (musique, Carnaval et danse) La culture caribéenne subit de plus en plus les assauts de la mondialisation. Et la question qui se pose concerne l'impact de la mondialisation sur la culture dans la région, c'est-à- dire le passage de la culture ethnique à la mondialisation. Au cours des siècles, le Caribéen, ce métis culturel, cet individu s'est façonné au contact d'influences diverses . Il faut attendre les années 1970 pour que la Barbade et Trinidad se forgent une nouvelle identité sous l'influence du Black Power venu des Etats - Unis et du mouvement Rastafari issu de la Jamaïque. Par ailleurs, l'influence de la télévision et de la musique américaine combinée aux migrations et aux effets de la mondialisation constitue des éléments majeurs à la formation de cette nouvelle identité. Aujourd 'hui après plus de cinquante ans d'indépendance, il y a une timide appréciation de la culture locale. Timide , parce qu'à radio, on entend plus de la musique internationale (américaine, anglais) que de musique locale (calypso, soca) saufpendant le Carnaval de Trinidad et le Crop Over de Barbade. Ce que regrettent les calypsoniens qui reprochent aux radios locales de ne diffuser cette musique que pendant cette période. De la musique caribéenne, les . jeunes de Barbade et de Trinidad plébiscitentures le reggae, la dancehall, le raggasoca, la musique soca. En fait, le calypso correspond à un moment de la vie. A Trinidad, la musique indienne joue un rôle important qui correspond à la population du pays. La musique de Rihanna, l'icône du moment n'a rien de caribéen. Mais son succès phénoménal à Barbade et ailleurs permet de mieux appréhender les facettes de l'identité caribéenne, en général et en particulier, celle de Barbadien et du Trinidadien. De nos jours, les nouvelles technologies accentuent les effets de la mondialisation et contribuent à l'émergence d'une « décréolisation » pour reprendre les termes de G. Létang et d'une nouvelle identité.. / Globalization and popular cultures in Barbados and Trinidad Caribbean culture is under the influence ofglobalization. The question is here the impact ofglobalization on the culture in the region . Through centuries the Caribbean man has been made through different cultures. We must wait for the years 1970 to see Barbados and Trinidad which have been made a new identity under the influence of Black Power and the Rastafari movement coming from Jamaica. After more than 50 years ofindependence, there is a shy appreciation oflocal culture . There is more international music than calypso. In Trinidad the Indian music plays an important role corresponding ta the population of the country The new technologies increase the effect of the globalization. It constitutes the rise of the "decreolisation movement".

Thesis (MMus (Music))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / The goal of this study is to explore three different models that three selected university choirs chose to accommodate diversity: two choirs with different identities existing independently alongside each other on one campus (model A), one choir, implementing diversity (model B) and one choir with a Eurocentric character (model C). Each university was treated separately, collecting qualitative data to provide historical insight into the choir, to determine profiles of the relevant conductor(s) and choristers and to determine the management body’s views regarding the role of the choir(s) within the institution. Information on repertoire indicates preference for musical styles, favouring an African or Western perspective or showing measures of cultural adaptability. Data was collected from choristers, conductors, organisers and university representatives by questionnaires and personal interviews as well as historical data in the form of concert programmes of the selected university choirs. The research findings indicated that the three universities concerned chose to handle their cultural diversities in completely different ways, resulting in creating unique choral identities which are evident in aspects such as repertoire, choristers’ experience and the support from the institution.

Notre thèse se présente sous le titre : « La citoyenneté libanaise aux prises avec les médias, nouveaux et traditionnels, face aux conflits religieux et communautaires ; une amplification ou une réduction des fractures ?». Notre thèse est avant tout une question posée sur le pluriculturalisme qui constitue la société libanaise, qui la spécifie, et qui représente une richesse socioculturelle et sociopolitique qui intéresse les Sciences de l’information et de la communication. Les médias audiovisuels, électroniques (sites web, journaux électroniques, blogs internet, etc.) seront la source susceptible d’alimenter toutes ces facettes culturelles, politiques, économiques, ethniques, religieuses, etc. Depuis longtemps la réalité confessionnelle politisée libanaise est imprégnée plus ou moins sensiblement par les médias traditionnels, et récemment les nouveaux médias ou sites web. La structure libanaise de la citoyenneté serait basée en priorité sur quatre conditions fondamentales : communauté, médias, citoyens, Etat. Le citoyen libanais appartient par nature à une communauté dans laquelle il est lié aux autres par les liens de la religion et de la confession, ce qui donne au Libanais un sentiment particulier d’appartenance identitaire. De ce fait, cette communauté religieuse, cherche toujours à s’auto – défendre et à s’exprimer afin de préserver son existence et sa continuité, et les médias peuvent jouer un rôle majeur en ce sens : chaque communauté possède son média qui constitue son porte – parole. C’est ainsi, que la communauté médiatisée avec tous ses rites et convictions politico – communautaires, occupe le premier rang des préoccupations des Libanais, alors que les principes citoyenneté – Etat pour un grand nombre de Libanais, occupent un rang secondaire.C’est dans ce domaine que nous allons analyser au cours de notre recherche, le versant contemporain de l’opinion publique grâce au regard des technologies numériques et digitales, de la communication médiatisée, ainsi que la vision politico-sociale présentée par les quotidiens. / The title of our thesis is: “The Lebanese citizenship grappling with the new and traditional Medias, facing religious and community conflicts; amplifications or reductions of fractures?” Our thesis in the first place is a question asked about multiculturalism which constitutes the Lebanese society, specifies it, and represents sociocultural and sociopolitical wealth which interests the Information and Communication Sciences. The Audiovisual and Electronic Media (Web Sites, Electronic Newspapers, Internet Blogs, etc.) will be the source likely to feed all these cultural, political, economic, ethnic and religious faces.Since a long time, the Lebanese politically confessional reality is more or less impregnated by the traditional Media, and recently the new Media or Web Sites.The Lebanese structure of citizenship would be based in priority on four fundamental conditions: Community, Media, Citizen and State. The Lebanese Citizen belongs by nature to a community in which he is bound to others by bonds of religion which gives the Lebanese a particular feeling of identity. Thereby, the religious community, always seeks to defend itself and to express itself in order to preserve its existence and its continuity, and this is done by the Media: each community has its own media, which is its spokesperson. Thus, the community mediatized with all its rites and political-community convictions occupy the forefront of Lebanese concerns. While the principles of citizenships and state for a large number of Lebanese occupy the secondary rank.It is in this area that we will analyze during our research the contemporary face of public opinion possibly enlightened by the new technology of communication, the opinion mediatized as well as the politico-social vision presented by the daily newspapers.