Sport is increasingly being recognised for the contribution it can make to the Millennium Development Goals and, in particular, the response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This study is based on Zambia, a low-income country, heavily affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. The study focuses on National Sports Associations (NSAs), which are quasi- autonomous organisations at meso level of policy analysis. Centring on three NSAs: Football Association of Zambia (FAZ), Zambia Basketball Association (ZBA) and Netball Association of Zambia (NAZ), this study critically analysed the organisational responses of each of the selected cases towards the HIV/AIDS multisectoral approach. The study adopted a case study approach which utilised semi-structured (face-to-face and telephone), interviews, focus group discussions and documentary analysis for data collection. Comparative analysis of all three cases revealed differences in how each case mainstreamed HIV/AIDS based on power, resources and forms of collaboration. Meso-level analysis was utilised to examine workplace HIV/AIDS policy formulation and implementation. In addition, meso-level analysis also helped reveal forms of health-related collaborations with both internal and external agencies. Macro-level theories of the state were useful in examining power relations between the Zambian state and civil society. The application of policy network theory, global health governance, multiple streams framework, and the top-down and bottom-up approaches to policy implementation proved useful in drawing attention to how each NSA case responded differently to the mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS. The political power of football as a national sport and the Association s access to foreign resources enabled FAZ to influence HIV/AIDS policy implementation and build of strong collaborative relationships with government than the ZBA and NAZ. The study concludes that lack of political steer from the top has re-introduced a new foreign top-down approach as those with resources from the Global North influenced policy formulation and implementation within all three cases. The conclusion also found useful the application of post-colonialism and development theories when examining international sport-for-development practices. This finding revealed the power imbalances between Global South practitioners and Global North funding partners.

Innovative ways to conduct disease surveillance are required to address the complexity of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP). Mixed methods were employed to explore CFP epidemiology and interdisciplinary approaches to its surveillance in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI). Quantitative analyses of cross-sectional data collected by the TCI’s National Epidemiology and Research Unit in 2010 demonstrated that a low percentage of residents reported lifetime histories of illness following fish consumption (3.9%). Furthermore, gender, age, island, and home remedy use were significantly associated with reported clinic visitation by ill individuals. Next, a multisectoral CFP surveillance model was conceptualized. A qualitative exploration of the model’s hypothetical integration into TCI’s health system revealed that several systemic and contextual factors could influence the future uptake of interdisciplinary CFP surveillance. Targeted interventions are recommended to improve national CFP surveillance and to facilitate the growth of interdisciplinary networks between stakeholders from TCI’s health, fisheries and environment sectors. / Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ministry of Health and Human Resources of the Turks and Caicos

Contexte : Pour les programmes sanitaires faits dans les pays à faibles ressources, la non-pérennisation des résultats est un phénomène important (Pluye, Potvin, & Denis, Making public health programs last: conceptualizing sustainability, 2004). Par contre, peu d’études ont été faites pour présenter des solutions à ce problème. Pour trouver des pistes de réponses, nous avons fait une étude de cas du programme national multisectoriel de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA (PNMLS) en République Démocratique du Congo. En 2004, le programme a été implanté avec l’aide de la Banque Mondiale à travers son programme MAP (Multi Aids Program). Le MAP s’est retiré en 2010. Objectifs : Le but de notre recherche était de déterminer, trois ans après le départ du MAP, quel a été le niveau de pérennisation des objectifs atteints. Notre autre objectif était de savoir quels ont été les facteurs qui ont influencé la pérennisation des objectifs atteints. Méthodes : Nous avons fait une revue de littérature sur la pérennisation et ainsi développé un cadre théorique mettant en lien les facteurs qui pourraient influencer la pérennisation des résultats. Nous avons observé le programme PNLMS dans son écosystème pour repérer quels sont les facteurs qui ont influé la pérennisation des résultats. Nous avons passé des entrevues aux acteurs clefs et avons fait une analyse documentaire, pour ainsi trouver des réponses à nos questions de recherche. Résultat : notre recherche supporte le concept qu’une approche multisectorielle aurait un impact positif sur la pérennisation des résultats. Par contre, il est important d’adapter cette approche multisectorielle à l’environnement et l’écosystème dans lequel évolue le programme. Cette adaptation doit se faire dès l’implantation du programme. / Background : For health programs made in developing countries, non-sustainability of the changes and progress is an important phenomenon (Pluyer, Potvin, & Denis, 2004). However, few studies have been conducted to present solutions to this problem. To find possible answers to the issue, we have decided to do a case study on the national program of multi-sectoral fights against HIV/AIDS (PNMLS) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2004, the program was implemented with the help of the World Bank through the MAP (Multi Aids Program). In 2010, MAP stopped its involvement in the program. Objectives : The goal of our research was to determine, three years after MAP stopped its involvement, what was the level of sustainability of the results achieved by the program back in 2010. Our other goal was to detect what were the factors that influenced the sustainability of those results. Methods: We did a review of existing literature on sustainability and developed a theoretical framework that shows the dynamic between factors that could influence the sustainability of results. We have observed the PNLMS in its ecosystem to in order to identify what factors had an influence on the sustainability of results. We had interviews with key players and did a review of all publications that were made on the PNMLS. This method helped us so to find answers to our research questions. Result: our research supports the concept that a multisectoral approach can have a positive impact on the sustainability of results. However, it is important to adapt the multi-sectoral approach to the environment and the ecosystem in which the program operates. This adjustment must be made from the implementation stage of the program.

[pt] Grupos multissetoriais e empresas holdings atuam em ambientes cada vez mais dinâmicos e complexos, com exigências e preocupações crescentes para atingir patamares superiores de sustentabilidade. Atualmente, as Diretrizes G4 da Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), que são as mais utilizadas mundialmente pelas organizações para elaboração de seus relatórios de sustentabilidade, não apresentam suplementos orientativos específicos para grupos multissetoriais. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação tem por objetivo propor um modelo para a avaliação de desempenho em sustentabilidade de grupos empresariais multissetoriais, mediante a integração das Diretrizes G4 da GRI à ferramenta Balanced Scorecard, com uso de métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão. A pesquisa pode ser considerada descritiva, metodológica e aplicada. A partir dos resultados da revisão bibliográfica e documental sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um modelo conceitual para avaliação de desempenho em sustentabilidade de grupos empresariais multissetoriais, buscando-se preencher lacunas identificadas na literatura especializada, cobrindo-se o período de 1988 a 2018. A aplicabilidade do modelo conceitual proposto foi demonstrada mediante um estudo empírico no Grupo Algar, que atua nos setores de telecomunicações, agroindústria, serviços e turismo. Os resultados desta pesquisa poderão ser replicados em processos de avaliação de desempenho em sustentabilidade de outros grupos multissetoriais no Brasil e no exterior. No âmbito da GRI, poderão contribuir para a elaboração de um suplemento orientativo para grupos multissetoriais, i.e., G4 Multisectoral Disclosures. / [en] Multisectoral groups and holding companies have been operating in dynamic and complex business environments, with increasing concerns to reach higher levels of sustainability. On the other hand, the G4 Guidelines published by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which are the most widely used organizations worldwide for the preparation of their sustainability reports, do not provide guidance supplements for multisectoral groups. In this context, this dissertation aims to propose a model for the sustainability performance assessment of multisectoral business groups by integrating the GRI G4 Guidelines with the Balanced Scorecard tool, with support of multicriteria decision making methods. The research can be considered descriptive, methodological and applied. Based on the results of the bibliographic and documentary review on the central themes of this research, a conceptual model was developed for assessing the sustainability performance of multisectoral groups (MSGs), aiming to fill gaps identified during the literature review and documentary analysis covering the period 1988-2018. The applicability of the model could be demonstrated through an empirical study in the Algar Group, which operates in ICT, agribusiness, tourism and services sectors. The results of this research can be replicated in processes of sustainability performance assessment of other multisectoral groups in Brazil and abroad. Within the scope of the GRI methodology, they can contribute to the formulation of a guidance supplement addressed to multisectoral groups, i.e. the G4 Multisector Disclosures.

Questa tesi è una raccolta di tre saggi di economia multisettoriale applicata. L'obiettivo è la progettazione di politiche economiche per il sistema educativo degli Stati Uniti. Un miglioramento delle prestazioni del sistema educativo può avere effetti positivi sullo sviluppo socio-economico del paese. Il metodo di analisi adottato è l'approccio della matrice di contabilità sociale, in inglese Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). I modelli multisettoriali basati sulla SAM estendono l'analisi input-output tradizionale ai problemi della generazione e distribuzione del reddito e della formazione della domanda finale. L'impiego di modelli multisettoriali statici e dinamici basati sulla SAM mostra che politiche per l'istruzione progettate in modo appropriato possono stimolare la produzione di capitale umano, l'attività produttiva e la formazione di reddito contribuendo, allo stesso tempo, alla stabilizzazione del deficit del governo federale degli Stati Uniti. Il primo capitolo descrive le SAM per gli Stati Uniti per gli anni 2009 e 2012 e spiega come compilare una SAM. Il secondo descrive un modello multisettoriale statico e presenta alcune politiche per l'istruzione. Il terzo descrive un modello multisettoriale dinamico e presenta alcune politiche per l'istruzione. Le politiche proposte si dimostrano adatte a contrastare crisi e recessione e possono indicare una strada verso stabilità economica e crescita. / This dissertation is a collection of three essays on applied multisectoral analysis. The aim is to design and evaluate policies for the education system of the US. Good performances in terms of education have positive externalities on the social and economic development of a country. The methodology adopted is the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) approach, which extends traditional input-output analysis to income generation and distribution and final demand formation. Policy design and evaluation carried out through static and dynamic SAM-based multisectoral models show that well-conceived policies for education can stimulate the accumulation of human capital, production and income while contributing to the stabilization of the federal budget deficit of the US. The first chapter describes the SAMs for the US for the years 2009 and 2012 and shows how to assemble a basic SAM from readily available statistics. The second chapter discusses a static SAM-based multisectoral model and policy applications. The third chapter discusses a dynamic SAM-based multisectoral model and policy applications. The policies proposed in the second and third chapter prove to be effective in contrasting output and income downturns and can show a way for economic growth and stability.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-23T12:04:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Christine Garrido Marquez - 2016.pdf: 6917394 bytes, checksum: 526d6b5f8053bab6b76ca9985fe07da9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-23T12:04:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Christine Garrido Marquez - 2016.pdf: 6917394 bytes, checksum: 526d6b5f8053bab6b76ca9985fe07da9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T12:04:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Christine Garrido Marquez - 2016.pdf: 6917394 bytes, checksum: 526d6b5f8053bab6b76ca9985fe07da9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This research integrates the project of Public Policy and Education of Children in Goiás: history, concepts, projects and practices developed by the Center of Studies and Research of Childhood and its Education in Different Contexts (NEPIEC) which is inserted in the research line: Education, Teaching Professionalization, Educational Work of the Postgraduate Program in the School of Education of the Federal University of Goiás. Propositions of multisectoral policies and integrated development of Early Childhood of the World Bank for developing countries have been investigated, which involve interconnected actions in education, health, nutrition, social protection (child protection and social assistance) and basic sanitation, in order to understand how this process has been set up in Brazil as of the 1990s. A documentary and literature research was carried out and we propose as reference of analysis historical and dialectical materialism. The starting point being a survey called State of the Art on the studied subject, in order to map out the academic and scientific production in the field, to enable a look at the production, observing the evolution of research, its features, focus and gaps. Presenting the multiple aspects of the organizational structure of the World Bank and its development policy propositions on Early Childhood supported in the six Education Sectoral Documents and the eight publications produced from 1974 to 2014 by the International Organization, which were formulated to instruct the political debate with governments, development partners and civil society in developing countries, including Brazil. The strategic entry points of investment have been analyzed, classified into four themes based on: 1) programs based on Early Childhood Development Centers focusing on school readiness; 2) residential programs based on behavioral change in relation to health, nutrition and child care; 3) communication / media campaigns aimed at families with young children on child health, nutrition and overall development; and, 4) conditional cash transfer for families with small children. It is concluded that the World Bank since its inception in 1944, besides project financing, policy-making, technical assistance to governments, also plays an important role in the meeting, synthesis and dissemination of knowledge about the specific development issues covering its extensive practice area, including the development of Early Childhood, services in the area and around the world. Since the seventies, the World Bank references the relevance of the adoption of multisectoral and integrated programs designed for Early Childhood, with the theoretical support based on the political theory of human capital, which seeks the reproduction and accumulation of capital, as opposed to a project that aims to guarantee full rights the children in Brazil. / Esta pesquisa integra o projeto Políticas Públicas e Educação da Infância em Goiás: história, concepções, projetos e práticas, desenvolvido pelo Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas da Infância e sua Educação em Diferentes Contextos (NEPIEC) e está inserida na Linha de Pesquisa: Formação, Profissionalização Docente, Traballho Educativo do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Investigamos as proposições de políticas multissetoriais e integradas de Desenvolvimento da Primeira Infância do Banco Mundial para os países em desenvolvimento, os quais envolvem ações interligadas no campo da educação, saúde, nutrição, proteção social (proteção à criança e assistência social) e de saneamento básico, a fim de compreender como este processo tem se configurado no Brasil, a partir dos anos de 1990. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica e propomos como referencial de análise o materialismo histórico e dialético. A metodologia de pesquisa abrange a constituição do Estado da Arte acerca da temática em estudo, com o propósito de mapearmos as produções acadêmicas e científicas na área, possibilitando um olhar sobre a produção, observando a evolução das pesquisas, suas características, foco e as lacunas existentes. Apresentamos os múltiplos aspectos da estrutura organizacional do Banco Mundial e as suas proposições políticas de Desenvolvimento da Primeira Infância apoiadas nos seis Documentos Setoriais de Educação e nas oito publicações produzidas no período de 1974 a 2014 pela referida Organização Internacional sobre a temática, as quais foram formuladas para instruir o debate político com governos, parceiros de desenvolvimento e a sociedade civil dos países em desenvolvimento, inclusive com o Brasil. Analisamos os pontos de entrada estratégicos de investimento, classificados em quatro eixos temáticos baseados em: 1) programas baseados em Centros de Desenvolvimento da Primeira Infância com foco na prontidão escolar; 2) programas domiciliares baseados na mudança de comportamento em relação à saúde, à nutrição e aos cuidados parentais; 3) campanhas de comunicação/mídia destinadas a família com crianças pequenas sobre saúde infantil, nutrição e desenvolvimento global; e, 4) transferência condicionada de renda para famílias com crianças pequenas. Com base na pesquisa realizada, conclui-se que o Banco Mundial desde sua criação, em 1944, além do financiamento de projetos, formulação de políticas, da assistência técnica a governos, desempenha um papel relevante na reunião, síntese e disseminação do conhecimento sobre os temas específicos de desenvolvimento que abrangem sua extensa área de atuação, inclusive sobre o desenvolvimento da primeira infância e serviços na área em todo o mundo. Desde os anos setenta, o Banco Mundial referencia a relevância da adoção de programas multissetoriais e integrados dirigidos à primeira infância, tendo como base de sustentação teórica das políticas a teoria do capital humano, que busca a reprodução e a acumulação do capital, em contraposição a um projeto que objetive a garantia dos direitos plenos da criança no Brasil.