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The economic crisis has affected more or less all areas of human life. One of them is of courese the issue of municipal budgets, whose incomes have experienced some changes during the crisis. In this paper first discribes the various tax revenues of municipalities, briefly characterize how the revenues from shared taxes and revenues from municipal taxes and property tax. It also discusses the situation in specific cities, which are Ždírec na Doubravou, Nová Paka and Teplice, where I analyze their individual income tax and municipal taxes policy and policy related to property tax. In the last part complete my analysis some answers to questions which I gave to members of city council of the reasons to some information. Based on collected information, I found that cities in times of economic crisis, fought with a reduction in the budget and trying to change the structure of local taxes and by increasing property tax rates, but each city dealt with this situation differently.

The thesis looks at tax income development in selected municipalities during economic crisis, that started at the and of 2008. The selected municipalities are Karlova Studánka, Dobrá and cities Bílovec and Opava. The thesis takes into account proposed changes in tax assignment, which have not yet been approved by parliament. The proposed change is expected to increase income of municipalities from shared taxes. The first two chapters contain general description of municipality financing and development of tax assignment since the formation of czech tax system. Third chapter focuses on the impact of the financial crisis on the local and regional governments of European countries. Fourth chapter contains analysis of local and property taxes development in selected municipalities focused on crisis years. Last chapter provides a calculation of tax income from shared taxes for selected municipalities according to proposed model of tax assignment.

Submitted by ELÍSIO SOARES DE CARVALHO JR (jroisile@gmail.com) on 2013-06-08T15:51:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Elísio versão final para publicação.pdf: 1539352 bytes, checksum: 20bc6bafa825eb9a82ac2f850c03d9a3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2013-06-14T15:53:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Elísio versão final para publicação.pdf: 1539352 bytes, checksum: 20bc6bafa825eb9a82ac2f850c03d9a3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-06-17T12:04:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Elísio versão final para publicação.pdf: 1539352 bytes, checksum: 20bc6bafa825eb9a82ac2f850c03d9a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-17T12:04:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Elísio versão final para publicação.pdf: 1539352 bytes, checksum: 20bc6bafa825eb9a82ac2f850c03d9a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-03 / This work has as main objective to analyze their experience in the Finance department of the Municipality of Recife - SEFIN, between the years 2005 and 2008 in the area of municipal tax policies. Policies were developed and implemented through bills, decrees and ordinances, and actions among various actors SEFIN, which aimed to meet the demands of strategic enterprise segments decreased by municipal taxes without hurting the legal limits imposed by the Fiscal Responsibility Law - LRF and the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil - CF. One can see a new practice in dealings with the company, mainly because it is an area as arid as the tax. Through listening, dialogue and interacti on with some segments, we constructed a viable exit from the standpoint of legal and economic, to the issues raised by the various demanding industries. There was also an analysis of the managerial point of view of the office in search of a change, both in ternal and external relationship between the actors involved in the negotiation process. Was sought as a theoretical theme, the context of the discussion of public policy in Brazil, Brazilian federalism, the search for endogenous development site, the War Tax, Tax Reform in Brazil and the issue of management in public administration. An analysis of the actions taken to give the structure a more managerial SEFIN, without losing sight of the pursuit of a well managed with societal bias, and the search through the use of innovation in Brazilian public administration. We conclude with a series of recommendations to stakeholders in the study, measures and evaluates care needed to take it, for those who seek this study, know the strategies used to achieve the prop osed objectives. Finally, a critique of the development of technologies and laws in order to increase revenues at the expense of a revolution to some extent still silent, what needs to be done in relation to public expenditure in Brazil. But this, surely, is subject for further studies in this regard. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal analisar a experiência vivenciada na secretaria de Finanças da Prefeitura do Recife - SEFIN, entre os anos de 2005 e 2008, na área de políticas públicas tributárias municipais. Foram políticas públicas elaboradas e concretizadas por intermédio de projetos de lei, decretos e portarias, além de ações entre os diversos atores da SEFIN, que tiveram por objetivo estratégico atender à demanda dos segmentos empresarias por diminuição de carga tributária municipal, sem ferir aos limites legais impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal – LRF e pela Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil –CF. Pode-se perceber uma nova prática nas tratativas com a sociedade, principalmente por ser uma área tão árida quanto a de tributos. Por intermédio da escuta, diálogo e interação com alguns segmentos, construiu-se uma saída viável do ponto de vista legal e econômico, para as questões levantadas pelos diversos setores demandantes. Fez-se também uma análise do ponto de vista gerencial da secretaria na busca por uma mudança, tanto interna quanto externa, de relacionamento entre os atores envolvidos no processo negocial. Buscou-se como referencial teórico do tema, o contexto da discussão sobre políticas públicas no Brasil, o federalismo brasileiro, a busca pelo desenvolvimento endógeno local, a Guerra Fiscal, a Reforma Tributária no Brasil e a questão da gestão na administração pública. Uma análise das ações tomadas para dar à estrutura da SEFIN um caráter mais gerencial, sem perder de vista a busca de uma gestão com viés também societal, e a busca pelo uso de inovação na administração pública brasileira. Concluiu-se com uma série de recomendações aos interessados no estudo, das medidas e dos cuidados que se avaliam necessários tomar, para aqueles que buscam nesse estudo, conhecer as estratégias utilizadas para atingir aos objetivos propostos. Finalmente, uma crítica ao desenvolvimento das tecnologias e leis no sentido de aumento da arrecadação, em detrimento de uma verdadeira revolução, até certo ponto ainda silenciosa, do que precisa ser feito em relação à despesa pública no Brasil. Mas isso, com certeza, já será tema para outros estudos a esse respeito.

This thesis is, to my knowledge, the first study utilising data from the Swedish population and housing censuses between 1960 and 1990 merged with other data from the same period in order to estimate extensive margin labour supply responses to changes in municipal tax rate changes. Given that women historically have not faced the same structural labour market preconditions as men, the empirical strategy is designed to allow for an analysis of gender-based heterogeneity in labour supply responses. Using a weighted fixed effects framework, estimates of the average over time between municipal effects of tax rate increases are presented. Using the preferred main model specification, the estimate for the average tax rate elasticity is -0.165 for men and 0.3513 for women. Additionally, an attempt is made to estimate an effect using a difference-in-difference framework, treating the overall largest municipal tax rate changes as a form of quasi-experimental treatment. The results of the main analysis indicate the presence of gender-based heterogeneity in extensive margin labour supply responses during 1960 to 1990 within the administrative region in question.

El presente trabajo de investigación busca encontrar en que forma las transferencias del Programa de Incentivos a la Mejora de la Gestión Municipal afectan el nivel de recaudación del impuesto predial por parte de los gobiernos locales. Con un panel de datos para 34 municipalidades para el periodo 2010-2018, estimamos una ecuación que recoge la relación entre ambas variables empleando un modelo econométrico de efetos fijos. Los resultados muestran que las transferencias afectan negativamente la recaudación del impuesto predial actuando como un sustituto de ingresos. / This paper seeks to find out how the transfers of the "Programa de Incentivos a la Mejora de la Gestión Municipal" affect the level of property tax collection by local governments. With a data panel for 34 municipalities for the 2010-2018 period, we estimate an equation that captures the relationship between both variables using a fixed-effect econometric model. The results show that transfers negatively affect the collection of property tax acting as a substitute for income. / Trabajo de investigación

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Marchetti Marcondes.pdf: 1161112 bytes, checksum: 4745ef914408134f883713606c3519d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / This work aims to examine taxation on compensation received by entertainers and sportspeople for the license granted to third parties to use their image rights. Current legislation approaches the matter in a generic way, either equating the use of an image right to a simple obligation to use or to an obligation to give or even not specifically regulating the subject. Therefore, we will present an investigative method by means of which it is possible to consistently decide whether or not to levy taxes in such operations. The proposal herein is to start examining the transaction concerning the use of an image by identifying the main activity agreed in order to subsequently evaluate if such rendering implies an obligation whose legal nature is either to do or to give. The conclusion for charging or not the various taxes will result from the comparison between each tax s material aspect and the legal nature of the analyzed obligation. Notwithstanding, we aim to previously define the characteristic features of personality rights, especially image rights, in order to be able to indicate the constitutional protection provided to the image in its several aspects: social image, sole external image and group external image, differentiating them from arena rights. The purpose is also to analyze distinctive features of the image, which make it a sole and unique right, as well as its legal nature from the several theories developed by the doctrine so as to define the parameters of the image. It is only after the abovementioned definition that this work will effectively examine the compensation gained by the image rights holder. The identification of the main activities involved and their legal nature will allow one to decide on the subsumption of facts concerning the use of the images of entertainers and sportspeople to the following taxes: Municipal Tax on Services (ISS), State Tax on Distribution of Goods, Transport and Communication Services (ICMS), Income Tax (IR), Social Contribution on Net Profits (CSL), Contribution for the Social Integration Program (PIS) and Contribution for the Financing of Social Security (COFINS), Contribution for Economic Intervention Royalties (CIDE-royalties) and Import and Export Duty. By examining the taxation by Income Tax, we will also analyze the possibility of entertainers and sportspeople to constitute legal entities aiming to exploit personal rights and the situations in which it is accepted to disregard the corporate entity. Finally, the paper will address the taxation regime applicable to international transactions comprising the use of the image of those entertainers and sportspeople, in situations which the purpose is an obligation to do and in those in which the purpose is an obligation to give, in compliance with OECD Model Convention and the treaties signed by Brazil in order to avoid double taxation / O trabalho tem por objetivo examinar a tributação da contraprestação recebida por artistas e esportistas em decorrência da licença concedida a terceiros para o uso do direito sobre a sua imagem. Como a legislação existente trata do assunto de forma genérica, ora equiparando a sua utilização a uma obrigação de fazer, ora a uma obrigação de dar, ou mesmo não regulando especificamente a matéria, apresentamos um método investigativo pelo qual é possível concluir com consistência pela incidência ou pela não incidência dos tributos nessas operações. A proposta aqui trazida é a de se examinarem os negócios que envolvam a utilização da imagem a partir da identificação da atividade-fim contratada, para, posteriormente, avaliar se tal prestação consiste em uma obrigação cuja natureza jurídica é de um fazer ou de um dar. A conclusão pela cobrança ou não das espécies tributárias decorrerá do confronto da materialidade de cada uma delas com a natureza jurídica da obrigação analisada. Antes, porém, vamos fixar os traços característicos dos direitos da personalidade e, em especial, do direito de imagem, passando a apontar a tutela constitucional conferida à imagem nas suas diferentes vertentes: atributo, retrato e retrato em obras coletivas, diferenciando-as do direito de arena. Também serão analisados os traços caracterizadores da imagem, que a tornam um direito único e singular, bem como a sua natureza jurídica a partir das diversas teorias desenvolvidas pela doutrina, a fim de delinear os contornos da imagem. Somente após isso é que o estudo passará efetivamente a examinar a contraprestação auferida pelo detentor da imagem, com base na identificação das atividades-fim envolvidas e sua natureza jurídica para concluir pela sujeição ou não dos fatos envolvendo o uso da imagem de artistas e esportistas ao ISS, ao ICMS, ao IR, à CSL, ao PIS e à COFINS, à CIDEroyalties, ao Imposto de Importação e ao de Exportação. Ao se examinar a tributação pelo IR, também será analisada a possibilidade de artistas e esportistas constituírem pessoas jurídicas com a finalidade de explorar direitos personalíssimos e as situações em que se admite a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica. Por fim, o estudo abordará o regime jurídico tributário aplicável às transações internacionais envolvendo o uso da imagem de artistas e esportistas, nas situações em que o fim pretendido é um fazer e naquelas em que ele consiste em um dar, diante do disposto na Convenção Modelo OCDE e nos tratados firmados pelo Brasil para evitar a dupla tributação da renda