This diploma paper analyses selected parts of a development potential on the South Bohemian region community level. It inquires into the differences among these municipalities due to their budgets and resident migration. The theoretical part characterizes municipalities as territorial units, their budgets and selected social economic and demographic indicators. Selected territorial units are further characterized and specified from a social economic and migration point of view. The practical part examines the development and trends of relative and absolute social economic and demographic indicators and their potential influence on the occurrence of the municipality disparities. This analysis consists of a quantitative part (with the indicators from the years 2001 {--} 2008) and a qualitative part which focuses on the South Bohemian municipality structure. The qualitative part also compares particular indicators of the South Bohemian municipalities in the years 2001 and 2008. Cluster analysis with the Gini coefficient was applied. One sub-section of the practical part focuses on three selected municipalities (Dubné, Kvilda, Litvínovice) and characterizes all their social economic and demographic variables orientated on budget revenues.

Conflict exists in all health care settings across the world. In a profession such as nursing, where there is constant interaction among staff, conflict is a common and often unavoidable challenge. Conflict represents a state where two parties have differing views on issues considered important to each of them. There are various forms of conflict such as intrapersonal, interpersonal, inter-group and/or inter-organisational conflict. While not all conflict can be managed or requires the need to be managed, learning how to manage it, may reduce the chances of it recurring or producing negative consequences. The inappropriate management of conflict has been reported to contribute to decreased productivity, poor morale and financial loss in and for healthcare organisations. The goal of this study was to make recommendations regarding how to optimise conflict management by Nurse Unit Managers (NUMs). A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research study was conducted to explore and describe the ability of NUMs to manage conflict in the nursing units of the Nelson Mandela Bay public hospitals. NUMs working in the three (3) public hospitals of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality situated in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were interviewed using unstructured individual interviews to collect meaningful data on how the NUMs would manage conflict based on a conflict scenario presented to them. Data was directly collected from the participants. The researcher developed a conflict scenario and the model answer in consultation with experts in both nursing management and human resource management. This was done to relate the responses and themes from the data collected with what literature suggest as the appropriate management of conflict. Tesch’s method of thematic synthesis was utilised to analyse this data. Recommendations were developed for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research. Data was collected from eleven NUMs with each of the participating hospitals represented in the interviews. Unstructured interviews were conducted. The unstructured interview consisted of one central question and probing questions. This was done for all the interviews until data saturation was reached. The data collected was then transcribed and coded yielding the themes and sub-themes for this study. The model answer was then used to gauge the responses of the participants in comparison to what literature suggests regarding effective conflict resolution and management. The three themes that emerged from the data were Nurse Unit Managers managed the conflict in an appropriate manner, Nurse Unit Managers avoided the conflict and Nurse Unit managers did not apply the accepted process to manage the conflict. Thereafter the ability of NUMs to manage conflict in a nursing unit was described based on the findings. The researcher ensured trustworthiness by using Guba and Lincoln’s criteria, namely credibility, dependability, conformability, transferability. The participants’ rights and dignity were protected and the integrity of the study safeguarded by complying with the following ethical principles: autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence, justice, privacy and confidentiality as well as authenticity. The limitations of the study were that only NUMs from the general hospitals in the public sector participated in the study and therefore the ability of NUMs in other types of hospitals and the private sector are not known. Other levels of nursing management were not included in the study. The findings in this study could be integrated into the orientation, training and preparation of nurse managers by health care organisations and educational institutions as well as Human Resource Management practices.

This paper establishes ground for the redesign of Brno-střed city district web page. For the purpose of this study web pages of several municipalities were evaluated: Brno-střed city district, Nové Město na Moravě, Praha 1 and Plzeň. Study shows how the selected municipalities fulfill the legal regulations of the Act no. 106/1999 on free access to information and the Act no. 81/2006 Coll. which states that municipalities are obligated to provide the information on web pages also to handicapped or disabled. Furthermore the usability analysis and quantitative survey were applied to municipality web page in Brno-střed region to determine the public needs and requirements. Presented findings indicate both significant failure in fulfilling the law and public dissatisfaction with Brno-střed web page content and structure. This dissertation provides sample solutions for web page usability.

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act 108 of 1996), section 152(1)(e) encourages the involvement of communities and community organisations in local government matters. The Municipal Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000) requires the municipality to develop a culture of municipal governance that complements formal representative government with a system of participatory democracy. The communities play a vital role in the preparation, implementation and review of the Integrated Development Plan (IDP). The aim of this study was to determine the role of community participation in the IDP process of Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. This study also assessed participation in integrated development planning in the Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. The conclusion of the study focused on the process, procedures, legislations and guidelines on community participation in the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) of Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. It was recommended that Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality must establish appropriate mechanisms, processes and procedures to enable the local community to participate in the affairs of the municipality. / Public Administration and Management / M.A. (Public Administration)

The aim of this study was to investigate reasons for non–payment by residents for services rendered by the Vhembe District Municipality. The municipalities are responsible for delivering such services as water supply, electricity, road maintenance, refuse collection and sanitation. Multistage sampling techniques were employed. The subjects in the study were grouped into clusters and a sample was taken from each cluster. In this case the municipalities that took part in the study were selected first, followed by wards, villages and households. Households in the selected villages were selected randomly to participate in the study. The results showed that although the municipalities were making an effort to raise and send bills to the residents, the residents were not forthcoming with payments. The reasons advanced for the unwillingness to pay services by residents include ignorance, poverty and simple unwillingness to pay. / Public Administration and Management / M.P.A. (Master of Public Administration and Management)

The thesis is focused on the evaluation and comparison of community development in the village Nebahovy and Vitějovice (district Prachatice). The selected villages are of a similar nature (size of community, population, location, etc.). The author of the submitted thesis evaluates the development of selected communities first of all by means of a selected indicator set (in the period between 2008 and 2010). The author also tries to test the development of these two selected municipalities by a kind of a questionnaire survey.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the financial health of the town. Financial analysis methods which are traditionally used for the evaluation of the financial situation of the entrepreneurial entities are convenient to use for this purpose. There was designed a system of financial ratios/indicators suitable for the evaluation of the financial health of municipalities. It involves 10 indicators. Four financial ratios were adopted from the system of informative and monitoring indicators (SIMU) which is being watched by the Ministry of Finance of CR in the framework of the municipality management monitoring and they contain apart from the other things also representatives of the classic financial ratios of indebtedness and liquidity. Further indicators which are involved are particularly special ones focussed on municipality budgetary management. Next, there was selected a group of 10 comparable towns. For this selected sample including the investigated town the system of ratios was calculated. There were used all data which are accessible by means of the application of ARISweb and ÚFIS /kinds of servers ? translator´s remark/, i.e. reports for the period of 2001 ? 2012. The indicators were calculated for each year and aggregated by means of the weighted average. In order to evaluate the aggregated results there was used a point method, i.e. one of the mathematical and statistical methods used for indicators system analysis. Using this method the average values of the system indicators for the particular towns were transformed and synthesized into one indicator, while importance of the particulars indicators was expressed again by scales. This way there was possible to find out the level of each town in the selected set.

The municipalities are important actors in the struggle to achieve gender equality. The main purpose of this study is to compare two municipalities, one with a higher representation of women and one with a lower representation in the political assemblies. We want to determine if there´s a difference in the way that the municipalities approach and define their gender equality work. To answer these questions we have divided our study into three different analyses. Based on previous research, our hypothesis is that in the municipality with a higher degree of women's representation, gender equality will be mentioned more often in political meetings (analysis one). We also assume that this municipality will have a more norm-critical approach in it´s gender equality plan (analysis two) and that the result will be reflected in the municipality's annual report (analysis three). The method of this study is a comparative analysis based on the most similar system design. The municipalities studied are Gällivare, which has a high representation of women and Arboga that has a low representation of women in the political assemblies. The overall findings of the first two analyses indicate that women´s representation doesn’t have a positive impact on how often gender equality is adressed and that women´s representation doesn´t lead to a more norm-critical approach in the gender equality plan. The results of the third analysis doesn´t reflect the result of the first two. On the contrary it indicates that the representation of women actually can have an effect on the municipality's gender equality focus. When all three of the analyses are taken into account we find that neither of the municipalities prioritize gender equality work.

Over the past few years, more and more Swedish municipalities have chosen to establish a presence on social media with Facebook in particular in order to expand their communication with their citizens. At the same time, the level of citizen participation in local democratic and political processes has been low. With social media, an opportunity has been created for municipalities to reach out to a larger part of their audiences and get them more involved in the municipal operations that affects the daily lives of the citizens. The purpose of this study is to examine how municipalities within Uppsala County are utilizing Facebook to communicate with their citizens. The research questions are as following: “How does the municipalities communication on Facebook correspond with their communication documents” and “How does the municipalities communicate with their citizens based on representation and engagement?” The theoretical framework for this study is based on Ines Mergels theory on social media use and adoption among government organizations. The methods consist of a quantitative as well as a qualitative content analysis. In total, there were 100 Facebook posts examined with the main result showing that the municipalities generally do not focus on using Facebook posts as a way to increase democratic participation directly on Facebook. Rather, they use Facebook posts to inform citizens about democratic and political events happening in the real world. This study provides the perspective of eight different municipalities and by doing so contributes with a broader picture of how Swedish municipalities communicate with their citizens through Facebook.

Today, citizens are government-related jobs, more quickly and are being carried out in a systematic way of e-government, began to implement a rebuke to all the countries of the world. According to the level of development of countries, this transition moving forward fast or slow. To create the infrastructure of e-government, huge investments need to be made financially. For this reason, e-government applications in each country with the same speed and the same advanced infrastructure take place. E-government, E-municipality in itself e-finance and so on divided into subtypes. In this species, e-municipalities have an important place. Municipalities with the basic element of urban life, is extremely important to provide services in the form of e-government. Transparency is fundamental to increasing confidence in the local government and citizen-municipal applications, and the city moving forward on more regular jobs. Turkey is a country that has the category of developing countries. The transition to e-government applications is still in the country, are carried out for E-municipal applications. Country, city divided into units called local government services is realized. Municipalities and cities with population over a certain number of other provinces administered in the form of the Municipality. Municipalities depend on the central government. Istanbul is the most populous province in Turkey.  For this reason, many municipalities in the country to the other applications that are running in this city are a pioneer. E-municipality application is one of the applications of this type. Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, e-municipal applications continues to transition. It has continued to work on infrastructure and related units. A portion of the system works. E- Municipalities applications Istanbul's city hall, the municipal authorities, as well as their approach citizens wary of e-municipality system. However, many began to carry out transactions in the virtual environment.