Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine thermal (body temperature, thermal sensation and comfort ratings), circulatory (blood pressure, heart rate variability) and neuromuscular performance responses to whole-body cryotherapy (WBC, -110 °C). Altogether 66 healthy subjects were exposed to WBC for two minutes. The acute and long-term changes were examined, when the subjects were exposed to WBC three times a week during three months. Skin temperatures decreased very rapidly during WBC, but remained such a high level that there was no risk for frostbites. The effects on rectal temperature were minimal. Repeated exposures to WBC were mostly well tolerated and comfortable and the subjects became habituated at an early stage of trials. WBC increased both systolic (24 mmHg) and diastolic (5 mmHg) blood pressures temporarily. Adaptation of blood pressure was not found during three months. The acute cooling-related increase in high-frequency power of RR-intervals indicated an increase in cardiac parasympathetic modulation, but after repeated WBC the increase was attenuated. The repeated WBC exposure-related increase in resting low frequency power of RR-intervals resembles the response observed related to exercise training. There are signs of neuromuscular adaptation, especially in dynamic performance. A single WBC decreased flight time in drop-jump exercise, but after repeated WBC these changes were almost vanished. This adaptation was confirmed by the change of the activity of the agonist muscle, which increased more and the change of the activity of antagonist muscle, which increased less/did not change after repeated WBC indicating reduced co-contraction and thus, neuromuscular adaptation.

?rea de concentra??o: Aspectos f?sico-funcionais e reabilita??o. / Na Capa da obra consta o t?tulo: "Vibra??o de corpo inteiro na posi??o est?tica com as m?os sobre a plataforma estimula o sistema neuromuscular potencializando a for?a muscular de preens?o manual". / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-24T01:30:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ana_lucia_cristino_souza.pdf: 1341281 bytes, checksum: 26bbfcfe249430241b08885a752b2dac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-06-05T14:42:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ana_lucia_cristino_souza.pdf: 1341281 bytes, checksum: 26bbfcfe249430241b08885a752b2dac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T14:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ana_lucia_cristino_souza.pdf: 1341281 bytes, checksum: 26bbfcfe249430241b08885a752b2dac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A vibra??o do corpo inteiro (VCI) pode ser uma modalidade ergog?nica capaz de melhorar o desempenho muscular. Uma vez que a transmissibilidade deste est?mulo ? reduzida quando aplicado sob os p?s, permanece uma lacuna no que tange a potencializa??o da for?a de preens?o manual (FPM) na posi??o est?tica, com as m?os sobre a plataforma, em indiv?duos saud?veis. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito dose-resposta da exposi??o ? vibra??o na posi??o est?tica, com as m?os sobre a plataforma na FPM e nos registros eletromiogr?ficos (EMG) do m?sculo flexor superficial dos dedos. Vinte e oito mulheres saud?veis (idade: 27 + 8 anos, IMC: 23,2 + 4,5 kg.m-2) foram familiarizadas e submetidas de forma randomizada e aleatorizada a quatro situa??es experimentais: A). Sentado - m?os supinadas, apoiadas nas pernas, sem est?mulo vibrat?rio; B) Placebo ? m?os posicionadas sobre a plataforma desligada e est?mulo sonoro mimetizando o est?mulo de vibra??o; C). 25Hz / 2mm e D). 45Hz / 2mm - semelhante ? posi??o placebo com est?mulo vibrat?rio vertical sinusoidal em diferentes freq??ncias, com aplica??o da amplitude de 2mm. O per?odo de interven??o foi de 5 minutos em todas as situa??es experimentais. Antes e imediatamente ap?s as interven??es, o desempenho muscular da m?o dominante foi avaliado usando o dinam?metro de for?a manual (Jamar, EUA). Os registros EMG (Miotec, Brasil) ocorreram durante as situa??es experimentais. A raz?o neuronal representou a rela??o entre registros EMG e for?a de preens?o. A an?lise estat?stica foi realizada por ANOVA bifatorial, com post hoc (Tukey), sendo considerado p <0,05 significativo. Como resultado, a exposi??o ? vibra??o de 45Hz / 2mm resultou em um aumento de varia??o (p?s-antes) na FPM em m?dia de 84,6%, 93,7%, 62,6% para controle, placebo e 25Hz / 2mm, respectivamente. Este aumento foi acompanhado por uma menor rela??o neuronal. Os registros EMG durante o per?odo de interven??o demonstraram que apenas a exposi??o ao VCI (45Hz / 2mm) aumentou os registros EMG em uma m?dia de 94,8 % e 50,2% em rela??o ao controle e placebo, respectivamente. Esses achados mostram que a exposi??o ? vibra??o na posi??o push-up modificada est?tica potencializou a resposta miog?nica da m?o de forma dose dependente. O mecanismo parece estar relacionado com a estimula??o do sistema neuromuscular e a subsequente potencia??o p?s-ativa??o que defende o aprimoramento neural. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Reabilita??o e Desempenho Funcional, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Because the transmissibility of vibration is lower when applied under the feet, an uncertainty remains as to whether this stimulus could potentiate handgrip strength (HS) in the static modified push-up position. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vibration in the push-up position on HS and electromyography (EMG) of the superficial flexor muscle of the fingers. 28 healthy women (age: 27 + 8 years, BMI: 23.2 + 4.5 kg.m-2) were familiarized and submitted, to four experimental situations in a balanced, and randomized order: A). Seated supine with hands supported on the legs; B) Placebo ? hands on the platform off; C). 25 Hz/2 mm/49.30 m.s-2 and, D). 45 Hz/2 mm/159.73 m.s-2 similar to the placebo position with vibration turned on. The intervention was 5-minutes in all experimental situations. Muscle performance was evaluated using the HS dynamometer (Jamar, USA). The EMG (Miotec, Brazil) was registered throughout experimental situations. The neuronal ratio represented the ratio between EMG and HS. The 45 Hz exposure resulted in an increase in variation of the HS by 84.6%, 93.7%, 62.6% relative to the control, placebo and 25 Hz, respectively. This augment was accompanied by a lower neuronal ratio. The EMG during the intervention demonstrated that only 45 Hz increased the EMG by an average of 94.8%, and 50.2% compared to the control and placebo, respectively. In conclusion, the vibration in the push-up position potentiated the HS. The mechanism seems to be related to the stimulation of the neuromuscular system and subsequent post-activation potentiation advocating neural enhancement.

La myopathie némaline (MN) est une maladie neuromusculaire rare représentant la forme la plus répandue de myopathie congénitale. Elle est caractérisée par une faiblesse musculaire et la présence de structures en forme de bâtonnets au sein de la fibre musculaire squelettique. Au cours des dix dernières années, le développement de plusieurs modèles murins de MN a permis de mettre en évidence in vitro plusieurs mécanismes physiopatholgiques responsables, au moins en partie, de la faiblesse musculaire associée à la MN. Ce projet était donc dédié à la caractérisation phénotypique in vivo de la fonction musculaire squelettique de quatre modèles murins de MN reproduisant des formes humaines légères et sévères. A l’aide d’un dispositif expérimental précédemment développé au laboratoire, la fonction musculaire squelettique a été évaluée de manière strictement noninvasive à l’aide des techniques d’imagerie de résonance magnétique (IRM) multimodale (Dixon, T2, imagerie du tenseur de diffusion (DTI)) et de spectroscopie de résonance magnétique du phosphore 31 (SRM-P31) associées à des mesures mécaniques. Nous avons démontré que les altérations observées in vivo ne sont pas nécessairement similaires à celles rapportées in vitro. La SRM-P31 nous a permis de mettre en évidence des altérations métaboliques uniquement pour les formes sévères. Une absence d’infiltration intramusculaire de tissu adipeux a également été observée à l’aide de l’IRM Dixon. Enfin, les techniques d’IRM T2 et de DTI nous ont permis de déterminer des biomarqueurs noninvasifs et quantitatifs qui pourraient, à terme, permettre d’évaluer la sévérité et/ou la progression de la maladie chez les patients atteints de MN. / Nemaline myopathy (NM) is the most common of the non-dystrophic congenital myopathies and is characterized by muscle weakness and accumulation of an electron dense material (rods) within the sarcomeric units. Over the past decade, the generation of mouse models of NM allowed to identify in vitro several physiopathological mechanisms involved, at least in part, in muscle weakness in NM. This project has been devoted to the in vivo phenotypic characterization of the skeletal muscle function of mouse models mimicking mild and severe human forms of NM. Skeletal muscle function was assessed on four mouse models of NM with an original and strictly noninvasive experimental setup designed and built in our laboratory allowing 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations, including Dixon, T2 mapping and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Our results suggest that in vitro alterations did not necessarily translate into similar changes in vivo. 31P-MRS illustrated an altered energy metabolism only for the mouse models mimicking severe form of NM. Our Dixon MRI investigations showed that fatty infiltration was negligible. Finally, T2 maps and DTI experiments provided relevant noninvasive and quantitative biomarkers for monitoring the severity and/or the progression of NM in patients.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-07-20T20:03:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ediléa Monteiro de Oliveira.pdf: 896757 bytes, checksum: 8bbece5b716734756bc80dba68d50aa2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T20:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ediléa Monteiro de Oliveira.pdf: 896757 bytes, checksum: 8bbece5b716734756bc80dba68d50aa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 / OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) applied immediately before resistance training in type 2 diabetic women. METHODS: Study 1 consisted of a systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017060857), with controlled and randomized studies based on PRISMA, in which databases such as LILACS, IBECS, Pubmed / MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, ScienceDirect and Bireme were consulted, combining the descriptors diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), resistance training, aerobic exercise and oxidative stress in Portuguese, English and Spanish. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated by the PEDro scale. Data were read, analyzed, extracted and synthesized. Study 2 consisted of a clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. 32 volunteers were selected between 60 and 75 years old, with a diagnosis of T2DM, following the pre-established inclusion / exclusion criteria. The quadriceps muscle strength was verified by the test of 10 maximal repetitions, the distance walked on the 6MWT and the oxidative metabolism through TBARs and TEAC. The volunteers were randomized into LED group (LTG) and placebo group (TG). The final sample consisted of 26 volunteers, being LTG (n = 13) and TG (n = 13). The intervention consisted of the 30 J PMBT and irradiation of 3 min and 48 s per area in the quadriceps of the dominant lower limb, immediately before the resistance training, for 8 weeks, 2 times a week, on non-consecutive days. The exercises were performed in 2 sets of 8 to 12 repetitions, with 1 to 2 minutes of interval between sets and exercises. All variables were collected pre and post resistance training. The data were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism 5 software and considered statistically significant p <0.05. RESULTS: In study 1 of a total of 746 articles, only 4 met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis of the four selected articles was done, which consisted of randomized controlled clinical trials, that were classified as having a high methodological quality according to an evaluation performed by PEDro Scale, as they obtained a score 6, in a scale from 0 to 10. It was submitted to the Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine. In the study 2 for muscle strength in the pre and post-intervention LED group (26 ± 9.66 kg, 42.50 ± 7.90 kg, p <0.0001), for the pro-oxidant activity (TBARs) in the pre-LED group and post-intervention (3.76 ± 0.85 mg / ml, 2.52 ± 0.76 mg / ml, p <0.0001) and for antioxidant activity (TEAC) in the pre and post intervention LED group (1, 66 ± 0.13 μmol / L, 2.17 ± 0.23 μmol / L, p <0.0001) there was a statistically significant difference. Only the distance covered in the 6MWT did not present a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: For study 1, aerobic physical training seems to be the most effective in reducing glycemic levels and oxidative stress in sedentary individuals with T2DM. For study 2 there was improvement of muscle strength and oxidative metabolism of the group of elderly diabetic type 2 who underwent photobiomodulation therapy applied immediately before the resistance training. / OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da terapia por fotobiomodulação (TFBM) aplicado imediatamente antes do treinamento resistido em idosas diabéticas do tipo 2. MÉTODOS: O estudo 1 consistiu em uma revisão sistemática registrada no PROSPERO (CRD42017060857), com estudos controlados e randomizados, baseado no PRISMA, no qual foram utilizadas as bases de dados LILACS, IBECS, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PEDro, ScienceDirect e Bireme sendo pesquisadas pela combinação dos descritores diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), treinamento de resistência, exercício aeróbio e estresse oxidativo em português, inglês e espanhol. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi avaliada pela escala PEDro. Procedeu-se a leitura, análise, extração e síntese dos dados. O estudo 2 consistiu em um ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado e duplo-cego. 32 voluntárias foram selecionadas entre 60 e 75 anos, com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, seguindo os critérios de inclusão/exclusão pré-estabelecidos. Foram verificadas a força muscular de quadríceps pelo teste de 10 repetições máximas, a distância percorrida por meio do TC6 e o metabolismo oxidativo por meio do TBARs e TEAC. As voluntárias foram aleatorizadas em grupo LED (GLT) e grupo placebo (GT). A casuística final consistiu em 26 voluntárias, sendo GLT (n=13) e GT (n=13). A intervenção consistiu na TFBM com a dose de 30 J e irradiação de 3 min e 48 s por área, no quadríceps do membro inferior dominante, imediatamente antes do treinamento resistido, durante 8 semanas, 2 vezes por semana, em dias não consecutivos. Os exercícios foram realizados em 2 séries de 8 a 12 repetições, com 1 a 2 minutos de intervalo entre séries e exercícios. Todas variáveis foram coletadas em situação de pré e pós treinamento resistido. Os dados foram analisadas pelo software GraphPad Prism 5 e considerado estisticamente significante p <0,05. RESULTADOS: No estudo 1 de um total de 746 artigos, apenas 4 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Foi realizada a síntese dos 4 artigos selecionados, que consistem em ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados que foram classificados como de alta qualidade metodológica de acordo com avaliação realizada pela Escala PEDro, pois obtiveram como resultado a nota 6, em uma graduação de 0 a 10. Foi submetido à Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine. No estudo 2 para a força muscular no grupo LED pré e pós-intervenção (26±9,66 Kg; 42,50±7,90 Kg; p<0.0001), para a atividade pró-oxidante (TBARs) no grupo LED pré e pós-intervenção (3,76±0,85 mg/ml; 2,52±0,76 mg/ml; p<0.0001) e para a atividade antioxidante (TEAC) no grupo LED pré e pós-intervenção (1,66±0,13 µmol/L; 2,17±0,23 µmol/L; p<0.0001) houve diferença estatisticamente significante. Somente a distância percorrida no TC6 não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: Para o estudo 1 o treinamento físico aeróbio parece ser o mais eficaz na diminuição dos níveis glicêmicos e do estresse oxidativo nos indivíduos sedentários com DM2. Para o estudo 2 houve melhora da força muscular e do metabolismo oxidativo do grupo de idosas diabéticas tipo 2 que foi submetida à terapia por fotobiomodulação aplicado imediatamente antes do treinamento resistido.