Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2004. / Advisor: Mark Tarnopolsky. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-81).

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Includes vitae. Document formatted into pages: contains viii, 143 p. Bibliography: p. 52-58.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-167).

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-05Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000748773_20150805.pdf: 830451 bytes, checksum: 00f57ceb2d4958ffee9a5bf3199fd1fd (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-08-07T12:19:49Z: 000748773_20150805.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-07T12:20:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000748773.pdf: 1452676 bytes, checksum: badad910f3816ef11c09a088b97e9270 (MD5) / Muscle growth in teleost fish involves the balance between the recruitment (hyperplasia) and the enlargement (hypertrophy) of muscle fibers, mechanisms that are controlled by many transcription factors, as the MyoD family and growth factors as myostatin. Several environmental factors such as temperature can influence the muscle fiber cellularity, and the expression of genes related with muscle development and growth, affecting the growth rate pattern in fish. Pacu is a fast growing fish extensively used in Brazilian aquaculture programs and shows a wide range of thermal tolerance. As temperature is an environmental factor that influences the fish growth rate, parameter directly related with muscle plasticity and growth, we hypothesized that different rearing temperatures in juvenile of pacu, which presents an intense muscle growth by hyperplasia, can potentially alter the muscle cellularity that could influence the muscle growth patterns in this species. The aim of this study is to analyze the muscle growth characteristics and the expression of Myogenic Regulatory Factors, MyoD and myogenin, and the growth factor myostatin in juvenile of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) submitted to the different rearing temperatures. Juvenile fish (1.5 g weight) were distributed in tanks containing water and maintained at 24 (G24), 28 (G28) and 32 (G32)°C (three replicates for each group) during 60 days. At days 30 and 60, fish were anesthetized, euthanized and muscle samples (n=12) were collected for morphological, morphometric and gene expression analyses. At days 30, the body weight and the standard length were lower in fish reared at 24 °C. Muscle fiber frequency in the class <25μm was significantly higher in fish reared at 24 °C, compared to the fish reared at 28 and 32 °C. Considering the frequency distribution of muscle fiber diameter in the class >50 μm, fish reared at 28 and 32 ºC showed similar result and these was higher than that ...

Orientador: Maeli Dal Pai / Banca: Selma Maria Michelin Matheus / Banca: Fernanda Antunes Alves Costa / Resumo: Não disponível / Abstract: Muscle growth in teleost fish involves the balance between the recruitment (hyperplasia) and the enlargement (hypertrophy) of muscle fibers, mechanisms that are controlled by many transcription factors, as the MyoD family and growth factors as myostatin. Several environmental factors such as temperature can influence the muscle fiber cellularity, and the expression of genes related with muscle development and growth, affecting the growth rate pattern in fish. Pacu is a fast growing fish extensively used in Brazilian aquaculture programs and shows a wide range of thermal tolerance. As temperature is an environmental factor that influences the fish growth rate, parameter directly related with muscle plasticity and growth, we hypothesized that different rearing temperatures in juvenile of pacu, which presents an intense muscle growth by hyperplasia, can potentially alter the muscle cellularity that could influence the muscle growth patterns in this species. The aim of this study is to analyze the muscle growth characteristics and the expression of Myogenic Regulatory Factors, MyoD and myogenin, and the growth factor myostatin in juvenile of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) submitted to the different rearing temperatures. Juvenile fish (1.5 g weight) were distributed in tanks containing water and maintained at 24 (G24), 28 (G28) and 32 (G32)°C (three replicates for each group) during 60 days. At days 30 and 60, fish were anesthetized, euthanized and muscle samples (n=12) were collected for morphological, morphometric and gene expression analyses. At days 30, the body weight and the standard length were lower in fish reared at 24 °C. Muscle fiber frequency in the class <25μm was significantly higher in fish reared at 24 °C, compared to the fish reared at 28 and 32 °C. Considering the frequency distribution of muscle fiber diameter in the class >50 μm, fish reared at 28 and 32 ºC showed similar result and these was higher than that ... / Mestre

Resumo: As lesões musculoesqueléticas são as principais responsáveis pelo abandono da carreira competitiva e queda de rendimento dos eqüinos de alto desempenho. Dessa forma, torna-se mister compreender a prevalência das lesões associando-a ao grau de comprometimento atlético na tentativa de prevenir e minimizar suas consequências. Com esse estudo, através das análises dos registros do Departamento de Radiologia do Hospital Octavio Dupont (JCB/RJ) e da base de dados do Stud Book Brasileiro objetivou-se estabelecer, inicialmente, as correspondências entre as principais lesões diagnosticadas, gênero, faixa etária, membro lesionado, localização da lesão (1ª etapa). Subsequentemente avaliou-se o grau de comprometimento de desempenho competitivo de tais lesões através da categorização do desempenho (2ª etapa). Na primeira etapa, observouse prevalência de lesões em machos da faixa etária de três a cinco anos. Os membros torácicos, principalmente o direito, foram os mais lesionados. As lesões situadas no terço médio dos membros foram frequentes, assim como as fraturas. As lesões altas e as sediadas no membro torácico direito corresponderam em sua maioria com fêmeas. As lesões no membro torácico esquerdo e as periostites foram associadas aos machos com idade superior a cinco anos. Na segunda etapa da análise, encontrou-se correspondência entre o período de inatividade curto, após lesões, com o coeficiente de comprometimento alto com reflexo negativo no desempenho. Conclui-se que as lesões nos membros torácicos independem do direcionamento da pista. O período de inatividade foi determinante para queda de desempenho. As variáveis categóricas de desempenho foram determinantes na avaliação do comportamento atlético. / Abstract: Musculoskeletal injuries are responsible for the shortness of career and competitive decline of high performance horses. Thus, it is mister understand the prevalence of injuries associated with the degree of commitment to keep on mind to prevent and minimize its consequences. This study, by analyzing the records of the Department of Radiology, Hospital Octavio Dupont (JCB / RJ) and the database of the Brazilian Stud Book was aimed to establish, initially, the connections between the main injury diagnosis, gender, age, member injured, location of lesion (1st stage). Subsequently, it was evaluated the degree of commitment of the competitive performance of such injuries through the categorization (2nd stage). In the first stage, there was prevalence of lesions in the male, aged of three to five years. Forelimbs, mainly the right, were the most frequently injured. Lesions located in the middle third of the limbs were frequently associated with fractures. Lesions located in the proximal aspect of forelimbs had high correspondence with females. Lesions in the left forelimbs and periostitis were associated with males aged over five years. In the second stage of analysis, there was found correspondence between the shortness of inactivity, after injury, with high of involvement with negative on the performance. It is concluded that the forelimb lesions were independent of the race track directions. The period of inactivity was decisive to explain the loss of performance. The categorization of performance variable was determinant to measure the horse athletic behavior. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T18:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-13. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-08-12T18:50:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000865096.pdf: 2377110 bytes, checksum: 95208d256035a87a59c076a999bbf491 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Introdução: Durante o envelhecimento, a perda de massa muscular (sarcopenia) é inevitável e contribui para a elevada morbidade e mortalidade; assim, evitar a sarcopenia é importante para manutenção da saúde e qualidade de vida a longo prazo. Além disso, o treinamento físico tem sido demonstrado ser importante para o controle de massa muscular durante o envelhecimento através da ativação de várias vias incluindo, IGF1-AKT e PGC-1α. Além disso, foi demonstrado que LRP130, um componente do complexo do PGC-1α é importante para a transcrição dependente de vários genes mitocondriais in vivo. Portanto, nós hipotetizamos que o treinamento físico pode melhorar a recuperação muscular, possivelmente através do complexo PGC-1α/LRP130 por inibição do sistema ubiquitina-proteassoma após atrofia induzida por desuso em ratos idosos. Portanto, foi investigado os efeitos do processo de regeneração muscular após curto período de imobilização seguido de 3 ou 7 dias de recuperação utilizando treinamento aeróbio (AT) ou treinamento resistido (TR). Métodos: Após 7 dias de imobilização, os animais foram submetidos ao processo de recuperação muscular com exercício (AT ou RT) ou sem exercício (R) durante 3 ou 7 dias. No final do experimento, os animais foram sacrificados, e o músculo plantar (PL) foi removido para análises morfológicas (avaliação da atividade mATPase, para avaliar a área de secção transversal das fibras musculares (CSA), bem como a frequência dos tipos de fibras específicas), análises bioquímicas (isoformas da cadeia pesada de miosina, MyHC), expressão gênica de 44 marcadores moleculares de massa muscular (RT-qPCR). Para entender melhor a relevância biológica das interações de mRNA, foi realizada uma análise de rede que estão relacionados com o nosso conjunto de genes diferencialmente expressos (plugin GeneMANIA Cytoscape). Os genes diferencialmente expressos foram submetidos à análise... / Background: During aging, loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) is inevitable and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality; thus, the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is critical for long-term health and quality of life. In addition, physical training has been shown to be important to the control of muscle mass during aging through the activation of several pathways including, IGF1-AKT and PGC-1α. Also, it was demonstrated that LRP130, a component of the PGC-1α complex is important for the PGC-1α- dependent transcription of several mitochondrial genes in vivo. Therefore, we hypothesized that the physical training could improve the muscle recovery possibly through of the LRP130/PGC-1α complex by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system after disuse-induced atrophy in aged rats. We therefore investigated the effects on muscle recovery after short-term immobilization followed by 3 or 7 days of retraining with aerobic training (AT) or resistance training (RT). Methods: After 7 days of immobilization, the animals underwent the re-growth process with exercise (AT or RT) or without exercise (R) for 3 or 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and the plantaris (PL) muscle was removed for morphological analyses (assessment of mATPase activity, to assess the total muscle fiber cross sectional area (CSA), and the frequency of specific fiber types), biochemical analyses (Myosin Heavy Chain, MyHC), gene expression of 44 molecular markers of muscle mass (RT-qPCR). To further understand the biological relevance of the mRNA interactions, we performed a search for additional genes that are related to our differentially expressed gene set (GeneMANIA Cytoscape plugin). Differentially expressed genes were submitted to Western blotting analysis. Results: At 7 days after an atrophic stimulus, only PL muscles from animals subjected to AT had recovered their normal CSA patterns. The frequency of fiber types and ... / FAPESP: 11/14484-4