Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Reissued 5 May 2017 to correct misspelled Second Reader’s name on title page. / The number of disconnected youth, those ages 16 to 24 who are not in school and are not employed, has reached significant levels in the United States and Western Europe. This trend is coupled with the fact that more and more foreign fighters are joining Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Iraq and Syria. In particular, Western youth have been the target of radicalization by ISIS and other terrorist groups, and the appeal and lure of such groups seem unlikely to subside. A similar trend is also evident among youth in Muslim countries where the number of foreign fighters to terrorist groups seems unlikely to decrease. According to recent estimates, over 28,000 foreign fighters have joined ISIS in Syria and Iraq since 2011. The fact that so many youth have been radicalized to join terrorist groups is a cause for concern that requires closer scrutiny, understanding, and action by Western and other governments. The explanations and motivations as to why youth join terrorist groups abound; these include lack of education, poverty, religion discrimination, family background, and political and economic marginalization, among others. This research seeks to answer the question, are the youth in the United States, who are disconnected, more likely to become radicalized to terrorism? To answer this, various theoretical frameworks were researched and examined, such as relative deprivation, social movement theory, and psychological perspectives, to shed light on understanding this issue. / Director, Personnel Support Services and Benefits, Transportation Security Administration

<p>Date: 2008-06-05</p><p>Level: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration EF0703, 15 ECTS Credits.</p><p>Authors: Longinus Duru (Stockholm), Francis O.Oluduro (Västerås) and Mofid Al Jaafar (Västerås)</p><p>Title: Capital Investment Procedures for FEMYSO</p><p>Problem Area: Undertaking an investment by FEMYSO involves weighing up the risk</p><p>against the returns but still capital investment decision are still one of the most undertaken</p><p>decisions by organization managers because it involves commitment of huge amount of</p><p>money, which will affect the business over time. FEMYSO is embarking on a capital project</p><p>at the hearts of Brussels but there is still a problem associated with the profitability of such</p><p>venture.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide Capital Investment guidelines and</p><p>procedures for FEMYSO and to show how it can maximize profit through decision-making.</p><p>Furthermore show the role of risk and interest rate in the investment.</p><p>Methodology/Design/Approach: This paper used theoretical framework of existing</p><p>investment theories to assess investment opportunity for FEMYSO and other organizations.</p><p>The role of Mintzberg et al. Rational model of decision-making in investments was analyzed.</p><p>This research paper went further to provide deeper insights into capital investment process by</p><p>evaluating the net present value of an investment and determining the risk associated with</p><p>investments.</p><p>Research Limitation/Implications: This study is limited to FEMYSO and other nonprofit</p><p>organizations that want to assess Capital Investment Projects.</p><p>Conclusion and Result: The more you wait to earn a dollar, the more heavily you</p><p>discount for it because of the time value of money. Good management decision in FEMYSO</p><p>and other related organizations will lead to profit maximization. The time value of money</p><p>problem can be solved by heavily discounting for the present value. Profitability of capital</p><p>projects will depend on the future interest rate, which is uncertain and subject to risk.</p>

Date: 2008-06-05 Level: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration EF0703, 15 ECTS Credits. Authors: Longinus Duru (Stockholm), Francis O.Oluduro (Västerås) and Mofid Al Jaafar (Västerås) Title: Capital Investment Procedures for FEMYSO Problem Area: Undertaking an investment by FEMYSO involves weighing up the risk against the returns but still capital investment decision are still one of the most undertaken decisions by organization managers because it involves commitment of huge amount of money, which will affect the business over time. FEMYSO is embarking on a capital project at the hearts of Brussels but there is still a problem associated with the profitability of such venture. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide Capital Investment guidelines and procedures for FEMYSO and to show how it can maximize profit through decision-making. Furthermore show the role of risk and interest rate in the investment. Methodology/Design/Approach: This paper used theoretical framework of existing investment theories to assess investment opportunity for FEMYSO and other organizations. The role of Mintzberg et al. Rational model of decision-making in investments was analyzed. This research paper went further to provide deeper insights into capital investment process by evaluating the net present value of an investment and determining the risk associated with investments. Research Limitation/Implications: This study is limited to FEMYSO and other nonprofit organizations that want to assess Capital Investment Projects. Conclusion and Result: The more you wait to earn a dollar, the more heavily you discount for it because of the time value of money. Good management decision in FEMYSO and other related organizations will lead to profit maximization. The time value of money problem can be solved by heavily discounting for the present value. Profitability of capital projects will depend on the future interest rate, which is uncertain and subject to risk.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1999. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-405). Discography: p. 363-364.

Young Muslims growing up in the West face dichotomous narratives that fragment their being, creating internal divisiveness. Islamic spirituality, especially the notion of tawheed, promotes oneness and unity of being. In this thesis, I explore the spiritual development of young Muslims in the West through literature amidst these dichotomous narratives. Using sociocultural theory and narrative inquiry, I first explore the threads of dichotomous narratives throughout history that create a binary of Muslims and the West, proving them insubstantial. Then, I explore the lives of two young Muslims, a male, and a female, growing up in Toronto. I story their lives, rooting their spiritual development in the literature they read, which is socioculturally embedded. Finally, I reflect on the harmonies, and tensions that exist within the stories. Tensions signify third spaces of productive growth, in which young Muslims can contests meaning and open pathways for creative becoming(s).

This research examines the political potential of the children of the Islamic Revolution, Iran's youth. Consisting of those between the ages of fifteen and twenty-nine. this demographic represents 66% of Iran's current population. This large proportion of Iran's population was born after the founding of the Islamic republic of Iran in 1979. Consequently, much of Iran's youth have little connection with the Islamic Revolution, especially when compared to those currently in power in Iran. However, population size and disconnect with the Revolution are not the only factors that contribute to the political potential of Iran's youth. This research hopes to further support the claim that Iran's youth is a demographic of great political potential by thoroughly investigating youth counter-culture, youth discontent, and the impact of modern technologies within Iran. The objective of examining these factors is to provide evidence that much of Iran's youth are in the ideal position to act politically. Thus, by examining these variables, support will be provided to the claim that Iran's youth possess great political potential within Iran.

No description available.

D.Ed. (Philosophy of Education) / The madressa is a system of instruction for Muslim children, believers in the religion of Islam. Madressa classes are held daily, concurrently with classes of the ordinary secular school. Classes begin after the ordinary school day has ended. They start at about 14:30 and last for about two and a half hours. Most Muslim children, about 97% in Lenasia, attend these classes. This study originated from a concern about the educational justifiability of the madressa system. The madressa involves the religious formation of children. It shapes the attitudes, consciousness and behaviour of those who attend it, yet it is not subject to any form of control or supervision by an outside agency. If it is not in conformity with educational criteria, it can be open to abuse. There is also an enormous expenditure of time and effort on the madressa. It is necessary to consider whether the madressa is worth the effort devoted to it, whether it fulfils its religious purposes. The aim of the study was therefore, to determine whether the madressa: operates within the framework of acceptable educational criteria; fulfils its religious purposes. The research techniques employed are primarily qualitative, but a quantitative component has been added to make the study more comprehensive. Criteria for education have been established through literature study. These criteria serve as the bases for the evaluation of the madressa. The structure of an educational situation has been examined and has been divided into the following component parts: the aim; the learning content; the method; the persons involved: the educator and the learner; educational relations, particularly authority, discipline and punishment. Criteria for each of these components have been determined. The madressa owes its existence to its religious purposes. It exists to prepare learners to be good Muslims, who know and fulfil their religious obligations. For these reasons, the principles of Islam have also been described. There has also been a detailed study of the practices in the madressa. The research has revealed that: the practices in the madressa are in conformity with educational criteria; the madressa is directed towards achieving its religious purposes. However, there are areas of the madressa's activities that need further attention: there has to be much greater concentration on improving the skills of the educators and on ensuring that they have the required attributes; it is also necessary to promote greater co-operation between parents and educators; it is essential that both parents and teachers provide positive examples of behaviour; greater self-discipline has to be acquired by learners as this is crucial to the performance of religious duties. This study can provide the bases for a reconsideration of aspects of the madressa's activities to promote more effective education. This study also provides an example of a community's ability to create educational structures, by its own efforts, to reproduce its beliefs and values.

This literature and interview-informed dissertation research sought to explore the educational experiences of a small sample of those who identify as part of the generation of Muslim youth in the United States who have come of age in “the age of terror,” precipitated by the September 11th terrorist attacks on the U.S. The research involved analyses and interpretations of selected literatures pertaining to seminal theories, histories, and discourses pertaining to U.S situated Muslim students in high schools. In addition, responses from seven Muslim high school students who describe how they see themselves, their schooling environments around them, and their place within that constructed world also contributed to this dissertation work. The researcher interrogated study participants’ descriptions garnered mostly via facilitations of interviews, and some student written narrative and poetry. Simultaneously, the researcher, who identifies as a queer Arab Muslim-American educator, reflexively interrogated her own assumptions, biases and expectations propelling and affecting her analyses and interpretations of study data. Themes of visibility and “coming out” as Muslim as well as of political structures, forms of oppression, namely Islamophobia, and school environments are all navigated as well as questioned through the perspectives of both students and the Arab-American Muslim educator-researcher. The research both creates and leaves spaces for further delvings into teacher education dominant notions of pedagogy, classroom images, and school communities. Additionally, this dissertation research offers possibilities for change in relation to conceptions of larger intersecting power structures that influence not only how the public perceives Muslim cultures but also on how these youth see themselves.

No description available.