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In the continuing quest for more efficient designs, structural adhesives are being used in place of, or with, traditional fastening methods; however designing with adhesives is refined as traditional methods. To obtain the adhesive design properties, tests are often performed on bulk tensile and bonded shear specimens. Questions remain about the relationship between properties obtained from in situ adhesive joints and bulk adhesive specimens. As a result, an experimental plan was developed which characterized both the linear and nonlinear region of bulk and in situ adhesive performance of a two-part acrylic adhesive from Dow Chemical Company. A standard uniaxial tensile test was used for the bulk normal, while an Iosipescu shear test was used to characterize the bulk shear performance. In situ testing was performed on a napkin-ring specimen loaded in both tension and torsion. Stress-strain relationships in both shear and normal were developed and bulk and in situ adhesive performance was compared. Observations from testing were: 1. Bulk shear and in situ shear tests showed similar performance in both the linear and nonlinear regions. 2. Modulus of elasticity in bulk adhesive tests was similar to the effective modulus of elasticity in in situ tests. 3. Prediction of normal yield strengths of the in situ adhesive through simple failure theory models proved to be inaccurate. Stress singularities, loading imperfections, and potentially a hydrostatic sensitivity were considered possible explanations. 4. Adhesive showed sensitivity to voiding and surface flaws when loaded in a tensile configuration, refinement of specimen fabrication minimized these effects. / Master of Science

Mensfattigdom är ett problem som finns i hela världen där kvinnor inte har tillgång till ett säkert mensskydd och där tabun kring mens sitter hårt rotad. Detta bidrar till ökade ojämlikheter i världen. Denna kandidatuppsats beskriver en produktutvecklingsprocess av en återanvändningsbar binda. Syftet med denna studie är att ta fram en fungerande fästanordning samt utforska passformen för en existerande återanvändningsbar binda. Detta genom att använda tidigare forskning och genom marknadsundersökning. En uppdaterad binda och fästanordning tillverkas och analyseras för att kontrollera att den uppsydda protypen överensstämmer med de framtagna måtten. En avprovning sker där provpersonerna får utöva vissa rörelser och svara på en enkät angående komfort och passform av bindan och fästanordningen. Resultatet för avprovningen och enkäten ligger till grund för produktutvecklingen. Resultatet visar en vidareutveckling av passformen och en ny fästanordning. Studiens resultat visar också en ny kategorisering av återanvändningsbara bindor. Förhoppningen med denna studie är att bidra till en större förståelse av passform på bindor och att vidare forskning kan ske inom ämnet. / Menstrual poverty is an issue that exists all over the world where women do not have access to safe menstrual protection and where taboos around menstruation are deeply rooted. This adds to increased inequalities in the world. This bachelor thesis describes the product development process of a reusable menstrual pad. The purpose of this study is to develop a functional fastening device and improve the fit of an existing reusable pad. This is done by utilizing previous research and perform a market survey to develop an updated pad. The updated pad and fastener are manufactured and analysed to verify that the sewn prototype conforms to the dimensions established in the survey. The market survey includes a test where the test subjects carry out certain movements and answers a questionnaire regarding the comfort and fit of the bandage and the fastening device. The results of the survey and questionnaire then form the basis for product development. The result shows a further development of the fit and a new fastening device. The results of the study also show a new categorization of reusable sanitary pads. The hope with this study is to contribute to a greater understanding of the fit of sanitary pads and that further research can take place in the subject.

Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / El tema desarrollado en esta investigación se centra en la relevancia que ha tenido hablar de empoderamiento de la mujer en productos de higiene femenina y su relevancia en la percepción del tabú menstrual dentro de un público de mujeres adolescentes entre los 15 a 20 años de Lima que empiezan a descubrir e interactuar por primera vez con este ciclo natural. El caso que se tomó para esta investigación es de la campaña “El Rojo No Me Sonroja” de la marca de toallas higiénicas Nosotras en Perú. La importancia que tiene la presente tesis se da en los distintos aportes que ofrece al mercado publicitario, al sector académico y al contexto actual caracterizado por el empoderamiento femenino. En primer lugar, dentro del mercado de la publicidad permite tener nuevos enfoques en relación a la responsabilidad social que es a lo que apuntan las marcas de hoy en día al tener a un consumidor más preocupado por su contexto social. En segundo lugar, dentro del sector académico, su relevancia se enfoca en debatir más este tema y enriquecer el punto de vista existente por parte de otras investigaciones que tienen una postura de crítica con respecto a cómo ciertas marcas comunican el empoderamiento de la mujer en relación a productos de higiene femenina. En tercer lugar, tiene importancia para el contexto actual el cual se caracteriza por una ideología feminista que bus ca empoderar a la mujer en los diferentes ámbitos de su vida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la percepción de tabúes menstruales de las mujeres frente a discursos de empoderamiento. Nuestro hallazgo principal es que existe una incongruencia entre lo que las marcas tratan de comunicar como empoderamiento al hablar de la menstruación con las consecuencias que genera. En este caso, las marcas de toallas higiénicas dicen a sus consumidoras que se sentirán empoderadas siempre y cuando usen sus productos, creando prejuicios como que la sangre menstrual es sucia, poco higiénica y vuelve débil a la mujer. / The theme developed in this research focuses on the relevance of talking about the empowerment of women in feminine hygiene products and its relevance in the perception of the menstrual taboo within in an audience of adolescent women between the ages of 15 and 20 from Lima who they begin to discover and interact with this natural cycle for the first time. The case chose for this investigation is the campaign “El Rojo No Me Sonroja” of the sanitary pads brand Nosotras in Peru. The importance of this investigation is related to the different contributions it offers to the advertising market, the academic sector and the current context characterized by female empowerment. In the first place, within the advertising market it allows new approaches in relation to social responsibility, which is what today’s brands are aiming at by having a consumer more concerned about their social context. Second, within the academic sector, which relevance is focused on further debating this issue and enriching the existing point of view by other research that has a critical stance regarding how certain brands communicate the empowerment of women in relation to feminine hygiene products. Third, it is important for the current context, which is characterized by a feminist ideology that looks to empower women in the different areas of their lives. The objective of this research was determine the perception of menstrual taboos by women in the face of empowerment discourses. Our main finding is the incongruity between whats brands try to communicate as empowerment when talking about menstruation with the consequences it generates. In this case, the brands of sanitary pads tell their consumer that they’ll feel empowered as long as they use their products, creating prejudices such as that menstrual blood is dirty, unhygienic and makes women weak. / Trabajo de investigación