Narcissism, which is broadly defined as a grandiose sense of self-importance (Judge, LePine, & Rich, 2006), is a construct that is associated with many potentially toxic traits and behaviors (Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010; Hogan, Raskin, & Fazzini, 1990; Paulhus & Williams, 2002). Recently, interest in determining the effects of narcissism in organizations has increased (e.g. Blair, Hoffman, & Helland, 2008; Chatterjee & Hambrick, 2007; Judge et al., 2006; Penney & Spector, 2002). Psychometric issues with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Hall 1979, 1981) and other measures of narcissism necessitate a more robust measure that can more accurately capture the facets of a complex construct. Conditional Reasoning Tests are designed to indirectly measure implicit cognitive processes (James & LeBreton, 2011), and are especially useful in measuring "socially unacceptable" traits such as narcissism. A 20-item Conditional Reasoning Test for Narcissism (CRT-NR) was created and underwent preliminary validation testing. Results support a 15-item measure to be used in continued validation of the instrument.

Both clinical theory (Kernberg, 1974a) and diagnostic nomenclature (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000) describe narcissists as envious, although what little evidence exists suggests this relationship may be weak or nonexistent (Gold, 1996). To examine this discrepancy, 204 young adult students completed dispositional measures of narcissism (grandiose [adaptive, pathological] and vulnerable), entitlement, and envy. Later, students competed against ostensibly advantaged opponents in a betting simulation, completed self-report measures of relative deprivation and envy, and could spend some of their earnings to burn their opponents' earnings (assessing possible behavioural effects of envy). Structural equation models were evaluated for each episodic envy variant (self-reported, behavioral, indirect). Only the self-reported envy model demonstrated adequate fit and variance explained. Vulnerable narcissism strongly predicted envy via a "trait" route entailing susceptibility to chronic envy and a "triggered" route implicating frustrated entitlements, whereas adaptive narcissism predicted envy via the "triggered" route only. Possible theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-67). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR19736

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-[78]).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 1981. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-168).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 2001. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-59).

Thesis (M.A.)--Denver Seminary, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-57).

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007. / Title from screen (viewed on July 10, 2007) Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-60)

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This study explored how well specific socio-cognitive processes (i.e., interpersonal problems, empathy, hostile attributional biases, envy/jealousy) predicted the manifestations of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Additionally, we explored the impact of both forms of narcissism on the presence of maladaptive social behaviors (i.e., the perpetration of psychological abuse). We found that domineering interpersonal behaviors and a propensity to fantasize predicted significant unique variance in grandiose narcissism; envy of others, hostile attributional biases, and a propensity to fantasize predicted significant unique variance in vulnerable narcissism. Additionally, while domineering interpersonal behaviors and hostile attributional biases predicted significant variance in psychological abuse perpetration, only vulnerable narcissism added significant unique variance to its regression model. Lastly, only domineering interpersonal behaviors, envy of others, and hostile attributional biases predicted significant unique variance in psychological abuse victimization; narcissism was nonsignificant. The results of our study will contribute to an increased understanding of the nature of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and the impacts these personality styles have on an individual's ability to function effectively in interpersonal relationships.