This thesis reviews both psychological and neural research in the fields of self-evaluation, self-views and self-enhancement bias. The research has made associations to grandiosity and need for admiration, which are two of the defining characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder. Neural correlates associated with this research are the medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, posteromedial cortex and anterior insula. Narcissists have been seen to have a decreased form of emotional empathy even though they rate themselves to have higher emotional empathy than they actually have, which is linked to self-enhancement bias and grandiosity. Alexithymia has not gained much attention in relation to narcissism, but research presented suggests that this might need to change. Neural correlates that are associated with lack of emotional empathy and alexithymia are the anterior insula, frontoparalimbic areas and the medial prefrontal cortex. Narcissistic personality disorder is in the DSM-5 specified to be defined by a grandiose sense of self, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy in either fantasy or behavior. However according to researchers in the field this only covers a part of the spectrum of narcissism. Deficits in the DSM-5 will he highlighted, as well as suggestions on what to do in order to help clarify the definition in DSM-5 and the concept in general.

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Målet med vår uppsats är att undersöka och analysera ungdomars användning av Facebook. Genom intervjuer med 10 gymnasieelever från Stockholm kommer vi granska om Facebook skapar ett narcissistiskt beteende. För att förklara detta utgår vi från teorier om narcissismens kultur, svaga bands styrka, symbolisk interaktionism och dramaturgiska perspektiv. Vi har i denna uppsats kommit fram till att det existerar narcissistiskt beteende, i form av respondenternas attityder och deras syn på andra medlemmar. / The goal with this paper is to examine and analyze the way that the youth look at their use of Facebook. A survey was conducted on 10 high school students in Stockholm to review if Facebook reveal narcissistic behavior. To explain this, we gathered information about narcissistic culture, weak band strength, symbolic interactionism and the dramaturgical perspective. To our conclusion, the narcissism dominates on the social network level, as result of their attitudes and view of other members.

This study sought to explore the differential associations of CU traits, narcissistic traits, and Machiavellian traits with overt aggression, relational aggression, delinquency, behavioral dysregulation, and emotional dysregulation in a community sample of boys and girls (ages 11-17). Results indicated that the three personality traits were significantly correlated with each other, yet distinct. CU traits, narcissistic traits, and Machiavellian traits demonstrated different unique associations with behavior problems. Specifically, narcissistic traits showed the strongest unique associations with overt aggression, relational aggression, behavioral dysregulation, and emotional dysregulation. CU traits showed the second strongest unique associations with overt aggression, delinquency and behavioral dysregulation, but were not associated with relational aggression or emotional dysregulation. Lastly, Machiavellian traits showed a strong unique association with emotional dysregulation, but were not uniquely associated with externalizing behavior problems. These findings have implications for intervention with aggressive and antisocial youth.

Esta pesquisa é inspirada na grande ampliação da classe C ocorrida no passado recente de nosso país. A inclusão de milhões de brasileiros em ambientes e atividades antes exclusivas das classes mais abastadas, como o estudo em instituições de ensino superior e ocupações profissionais de natureza mais intelectual do que braçal, é algo extremamente positivo para o País. Porém, ela parece ter gerado efeitos colaterais inesperados: indivíduos apresentando sofrimentos psíquicos que os impedem de prosseguir sua vida durante ou após trajetórias de ascensão social. Este estudo pretende compreender como a ascensão social, que muitas vezes se apresenta como um movimento familiar e multigeracional, pode afetar psiquicamente os indivíduos que vivem esse processo. Para isso, são apresentados três fatos clínicos a partir dos quais procura-se estabelecer ligações entre os sintomas observados e conceitos psicanalíticos que possam elucidá-los, em articulação com reflexões de Souza (2018) acerca do cenário sociocultural em que se deu esse movimento de ascensão social. O primeiro conceito é o de enquadre (Bleger, 1977) que, expandido à noção de metaenquadre (Kaës, 2007/2011), explica o fato de os sintomas de sofrimento se apresentarem de forma obscura, quase imperceptível. Em seguida, há uma reflexão sobre a saída do lugar de origem através do conceito de contrato narcísico (Aulagnier, 1975/2001 e Kaës, 2007/2011), para posteriormente se pensar o lugar de (não) chegada e o desejo de reconhecimento (Hegel, 1807/1988, Benjamin,1988 e Safatle, 2017) / This research is inspired by the large growth of the social class C, which occurred in the recent past of our country. The inclusion of millions of Brazilians into environments and activities which had been, up to a few years ago, exclusive to the wealthier social classes, such as undergraduate education and professional occupations of intellectual nature, rather than those of physical labour, is something extremely positive for the country. Nevertheless, this seems to have generated unexpected side effects: individuals showing psychic sufferings during or after their social ascension trajectories, which prevent them from reaching the objectives they had set for themselves. This study intends to comprehend how social ascension, often being a multigenerational move in the family, can psychically affect the individuals who undertake it. To accomplish that I introduce three clinical facts from which I try to establish liaisons between the observed symptoms and three psychoanalytic concepts to elucidate them. This is done in articulation with Souzas (2018) thoughts on the sociocultural scene where the social ascension takes place. The first concept is frame (Bleger, 1977) which, when expanded into the notion of metaframe (Kaës, 2007/2011), explains the fact that the suffering symptoms present themselves in an obscure, almost imperceptible manner. Following that, there is a reflection on leaving the origin and the inevitable split from several aspects of this birth time-space for that I resort to the concept narcissistic contract (Auglanier, 1975/2001; Kaës, 2007/2011), to then think of the (non-)arrival place and the longing for recognition (Hegel, 1807/1988; Benjamin, 1988; Safatle, 2017)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilmara Aparecida Roriz de Oliveira.pdf: 213656 bytes, checksum: 1fba5fd4bcb0486d95923d5b1ad4f2c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-17 / The present study sought to understand the subjectivity involving the choices and the love relationships of the present time. Psychoanalysis was used as theoretical support in order to understand the subjectivity of the subjects involved in the research. Throughout this journey, the family relationships were taken as the fundamental aspect in the process of psychosexual development and, consequently in the dynamic of choices and love relationships of the subject. The conflicts which surround the family relationship can be elaborated in an identification process and may influence the kind of love choices the subject makes in his adult life. Nowadays, the expectations regarding intimacy are different, there are non-traditional kinds of relationships, different life styles and new family arrangements enable different kinds of choices, including being single. Clinical interviews were carried out with each one of the 10 subjects participating in the research. The material gathered points to a lack or inadequacy of the parental model, which results in a precarious identification, leading to narcissistic object choice making it difficult to establish links. Work and professional life are displayed as a priority over a life with a partner and the marriage comes out as a non-value. The subject s discourses were marked by the work market instability, professional dissatisfaction and difficulties towards female autonomy. The results lead to believe that a new subjectivity is required by the changes of contemporary times. / O presente trabalho buscou compreender a subjetividade que envolve as escolhas e as relações amorosas na atualidade. A psicanálise foi utilizada como aporte teórico necessário para compreensão da subjetividade dos sujeitos pesquisados. Nesta trajetória, as relações familiares foram tomadas como aspecto fundamental no processo de desenvolvimento psicossexual e, conseqüentemente, na dinâmica das escolhas e das relações amorosas do sujeito. Os conflitos que permeiam as relações familiares podem ser elaborados num processo identificatório e podem influenciar no tipo de escolha amorosa que o sujeito fará na vida adulta. Na atualidade, as expectativas com relação à intimidade são diferentes, existem formas nãotradicionais de se relacionar, estilos diferentes de vida e os novos arranjos familiares possibilitam diferentes tipos de escolhas, inclusive ser solteiro. Foram realizadas entrevistas do tipo clínico com cada um dos 10 sujeitos que participaram da pesquisa. O material coletado aponta para falta ou inadequação de modelo parental, o que resulta numa identificação precária, que pode levar a uma escolha objetal narcísica, dificultando estabelecer vínculos. O trabalho e a vida profissional aparecem como prioridades em relação a uma vida a dois e o casamento aparece como não-valor. Os discursos dos sujeitos foram marcados pela instabilidade no mercado de trabalho, insatisfação profissional e dificuldades com relação à autonomia feminina. Os resultados levam a pensar que uma nova subjetividade está sendo exigida pelas mudanças da atualidade.

How can the same object become split when viewed by different groups of observers? What is the relationship between conflict and consensus, and the ritual and the rational? I interrogate these questions through the case of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) in Germanophone Europe and North America. I interviewed forty-five practitioners from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the US and Canada. These conversations were semi-structured and ethnographically inflected. I attempted to take the informant’s perspective earnestly and to read any available works by that author in advance of the interview. To gain a sense of how science differed when not immediately concerned with the treatment of patients, I included an assessment specialist and a social-personality psychologist. Non-expert practitioners, who had not published any books or articles on pathological narcissism, were included to test whether theory is solely alluring to the academician or if it holds sway over the psychotherapist on the street. These respondent pools were matched as closely as possible across the two contexts to facilitate comparison. Approximately six psychotherapeutic schools emerged as important amongst my respondents. After a brief introduction to the different psychotherapies, I begin with the native understandings of NPD or pathological narcissism. These definitions and the wide range of narcissistic patients seen pose the puzzle: How can these definitions be so disparate, and all ostensibly be concerned with NPD as a clinical or scientific object? My concern is less oratorical and more earthy: What precisely do practitioners do? Opening with assessment (Ch. 5), we find some common signs. Diagnostic procedures may employ different technological mixes, but ultimately all follow a single pattern. Chapter 6 addresses empathy and the therapeutic alliance. The notion of a minimal medical model underlying all treatment types I encountered was unearthed despite many methods’ active denial of the ‘medical model.’ The patient-practitioner boundary is, however, far from the final frontier. Conceptualisation helps to guide the ways in which clinicians interact with one another, and ultimately the broader science of psychopathology. Chapter 8 addresses the ways in which different classificatory schemes relate to one another, and how this helps to shape the science of narcissism. What ultimately emerges is a story of (1) the minor differences of narcissism and (2) the narcissism of minor differences. The narcissism (2) can be said to obscure the (1) minor differences. Competition is inherent in the process at multiple levels: between models for both students and patients (attention-space), and through scientific exchange and the effort to gain evidence for one’s theory. I suggest that science serves less to find the best description or explanation for pathological narcissism, and more to legitimate one’s conceptualisation. Evidence of this sort gives a theoretical school means to command more financial and attentional resources. Psychotherapeutic technology is, however, path dependent, limiting the distance between any two methods.

La thèse s’intéresse à la question de la transmission intergénérationnelle de l’exil, en tant qu’évènement et expérience. A partir de l’approche des Histoires de vie, nous cherchons à saisir comment les trois temps de l’exil (temps du projet, de l’exil et de l’étranger) sont transmis aux descendants et pourquoi certains pans de cette histoire sont passés sous silence ou romancés. Nous cherchons à comprendre quelle influence ce vide ou ce trop-plein de mémoire exerce sur la façon dont les descendants investissent cette histoire et s’y inscrivent. La thèse pose que l’exil représente un acte fondateur du sujet, à la fois porté par un désir d’émancipation et inscrit dans une histoire familiale, un imaginaire social, un contexte socio-historique. Cette situation fait de l’exilé un être en rupture mais aussi en continuité avec un héritage. Cette position engendre potentiellement des conflits psychiques qui, non symbolisés par les ascendants exilés, aboutissent à une panne du travail d’auto-historisation pour les descendants, se traduisant par un déni de l’histoire de l’exil. Le recueil de récits sur l’histoire de l’exil familial auprès de descendants laisse apparaitre que la préhistoire de l’exil est placée hors du travail de pensée et de la chaîne temporelle. Cette panne du travail d’auto-historisation créé un empêchement du sujet à relier ce qu’il est à ce qu’il a été, à se projeter vers un devenir et à s’inscrire dans une chaîne généalogique. La genèse de l’exil et l’histoire familiale font l’objet d’un pacte dénégatif scellé entre les exilés et leurs descendants se situant à différents niveaux. S’inscrivant dans l’imaginaire social et historique de la société d’accueil, l’alliance conclue entre les exilés et leurs descendants vise à dénier la préhistoire de l’exil car la rupture engendrée par l’exil vis-à-vis du groupe social et familial est considérée comme un progrès et une condition pour se fondre dans la nation Une. A un niveau psychique inter- individuel, l’alliance a pour fonction de dénier les désirs des ascendants exilés dans l’exil et de présenter sa genèse sous une apparence acceptable / The thesis focuses on the issue of intergenerational Transmission of exile, as an event and experience. From the approach of Life Stories, we seek to understand how the three periods of exile (project, exile and foreign time) are transmitted to descendants and why some parts of this story are ignored or romanced. We seek to understand what influence this emptiness or overflow of memory has on how descendants invest in and write about this story. The thesis posits that exile represents a founding act of the subject which, both driven by a desire for emancipation and inscribed in a family history, a social imaginary, a socio-historical context. This situation makes the exile a being in rupture but also in continuity with an inheritance. This position potentially generates psychological conflicts which, not symbolized by the exiled ascendants, lead to a breakdown of the work of self-historization for the descendants, resulting in a denial of the history of exile. The collection of stories on the history of family exile from descendants shows that the prehistory of exile is placed outside of thought and the time of chain. This breakdown of the work of self historization creates an impediment of the subject to connect what he is to what he has been, to project himself towards and to be a part of a genealogical chain. The genesis of exile and family history are the subject of a denegative pact sealed between exiles and their descendants at differents levels. Being part of the social and historical imagination of the host Society, the alliance concluded between the exiles and their descendants aims to deny the prehistory of exile because the rupture engendered by exile vis-à-vis the social and family group is seen as a progress and a condition for blending into the One Nation. At an interindividual psychic level, the denial pact has the function of denying the desires of exiled ascendants in exile and presenting the genesis of exile under an acceptable appearance

Orientador: Maria Clara Bonetti Paro / Banca: Márcia Valéria Zamboni Gobbi / Banca: Marisa Giannecchini Gonçalves de Souza / Resumo: O debate entre a modernidade e a pós-modernidade tem levado grandes questões para uma compreensão do que representou a primeira e a partir da qual se pode delinear a segunda. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar de que forma um romance pós-moderno, As horas, do autor norte-americano Michael Cunningham (1952- ) se apropriou da obra moderna Mrs. Dalloway de Virginia Woolf. O presente trabalho propõe-se a discutir essa apropriação, evidenciando as relações paródicas entre os dois textos; a investigar a configuração do tempo na narrativa, verificando as possíveis relações entre história e ficção e a analisar a construção das personagens femininas, ex-cêntricas do romance, examinando como o discurso das figuras femininas é construído na referida obra de Cunningham. / Abstract: The discussion between modernism and post-modernism has brought about several questions that we must answer in order to have an overview of both movements, once we are able to understand what the first has represented, we can better situate the second. Taking this into consideration, our aim is to analyze in which ways the contemporary The hours, written by the north-American author Michael Cunningham, appropriates the earlier Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf. Thus, the aim of this study is to discuss these questions, verifying the parodic between the two texts. Furthermore, our intention is to investigate another important discussion: the time, verifying the possibel relations between history and fiction. Lastly, our attention focuses on the construction of the ex-centric characters, examining how the discourse of these characters is built in Cunningham's novel. / Mestre

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