Two major goals of managers of Rubondo Island National Park (Rubondo), Tanzania are to increase the number of international visitors to the Park (and thereby increase revenue generated) and to increase support for the Park among residents of nearby communities. I investigated species preferences among children living around Rubondo and the wildlife viewing preferences of international visitors to Tanzania in an attempt to identify flagship species that Park management could use in marketing and outreach campaigns designed to meet their goals. I also assessed local interest in visiting the Park. As local flagships for Rubondo, the Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) and silver cyprinid (Rastrineobola argentea) appear to have the most potential among the species that I assessed (i.e., fish eagle [Haliaeetus vocifer], Egyptian goose, silver cyprinid, little egret [Egretta garzetta], sitatunga [Tragelaphus speki], genet [Genetta tigrina], monitor lizard [Varanus niloticus], spotted-necked otter [Lutra maculicollis], vervet monkey [Cercopithecus pygerythrus], crocodile [Crocodylus niloticus], hippopotamus [Hippopotamus amphibius], giraffe [Giraffa camelopardalis], and elephant [Loxodanta africana]). However, based on either range or limited aesthetic/behavioral appeal, I considered neither species useful as an international flagship. Among species on Rubondo included in investigations of potential international flagships for the Island (including the chimpanzee [Pan troglodytes], crocodile, elephant, giraffe, hippopotamus, vervet monkey, bushbuck, fish eagle, large-spotted genet, goliath heron [Ardea goliath], monitor lizard, sitatunga, and spotted-necked otter), few were concluded to have potential, either because participating visitors had limited "awareness" of and "interest" in viewing the species, local people had strong negative opinions of the species, the animals are not native to the Island, and/or the animals are more easily viewed in more readily-accessible locations. Local people generally had not visited Rubondo but wanted to visit. Not having visited the Park appeared to influence perceptions of the Park, wildlife tourism, and conservation among some participants. Recommendations for local and international marketing and outreach strategies for Rubondo are made based on the outcomes of the aforementioned investigations of local and international species preferences and interest in visiting the Park.

In an effort to increase understanding of social values connected with natural resources, a methodology was developed to identify and assess community values of 14 National Park Service (NPS) units in Virginia. The methodology used a qualitative research approach which emphasized meaning and understanding. Numerical analyses were used where appropriate. This thesis reports the design, application, and evaluation of the methodology. Representatives of the NPS, local government, and chamber of commerce were chosen to provide a broad-based perspective of community values. Time and budget constraints excluded the use of a random survey. Interviews using open-ended questions elicited comments about various topics related to community values. The survey results were used to quantify the relative importance of services and contributions of the NPS units. The survey indicated relatively high importance of educational and cultural/historical contributions to all groups. Active recreation pursuits and social activities were least important. Differences in perceived contributions between NPS personnel and the community (local government and chamber of commerce) were greatest in the education, economic, and cultural/historical categories. NPS personnel always indicated a higher value in the education and cultural/historical categories and the community indicated higher value in the economic category. Comments received were analyzed by categorizing and examining them for common themes. Common themes were found in the areas of land use, education, psychological benefits, and interactions between the NPS and community. Many of these themes included values recognized by NPS personnel and community representatives. Key differences include land development buffer and psychological benefits that were perceived to be greater by community representatives. The results of the survey and interview comments enhanced understanding of the types of community values associated with NPS units and how they affect public perceptions of the NPS. Evaluation provided feedback to improve the methodology in its future applications to NPS units in other states or regions and for other preserved cultural and natural landscapes. Suggestions are given for future research to examine specific community values which this study identified. / Master of Science

Lam Lai Ling Charis. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2003-2004, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-137). / INTRODUCTION / Chapter PART I --- RESEARCH STUDIES / Observations / Exploration - Model / PRECEDENT STUDIES / Mass with light / Chapter - --- Peter Zumthor / Chapter - --- Louis I. Kahn / Chapter - --- Rafael Moneo / Chapter - --- Le Corbusier / Chapter - --- Tadao Ando / Chapter - --- Steven Holl / Chapter - --- Alberto Campo Baeza / Chapter - --- Carlos Ferrater Lambarri / Chapter - --- James Turrell / Chapter - --- Keith Sonnier / Law Court / Chapter - --- Sandwich-type / Chapter - --- Core-type / Chapter - --- Courtyard-type / Chapter - --- Distinct-type / Chapter PART II --- DESIGN / Site selection / Schematic design / Programatic design / Spatial design / Final design

M Sc (Botany) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / The Kruger National Park is a world renowned organization and is rated as one of the best nature reserves in nature conservation in the world. Despite all the efforts made to control and protect nature in the Park, there is a need for the involvement of the community around the Park. Community-based conservation in particular has been subjected to a series of scathing criticisms, and it has become increasingly acceptable to advocate a return to more coercive forms of conservation. The establishment of the Park forum consisting of the neighbouring communities and the Park requires new strategies for better integration of conservation and rural development. The interest of conservation can be threatened by various factors, mainly poverty, poaching and wildlife conflicts. The interests of the population residing in the immediate neighbourhood of Kruger National Park can be threatened by proposed wildlife management options, other neighbouring conservation areas, and new tourist development activities. Effective conflict prevention mechanisms need to be developed together with the communities and especially in the implementation process. The study presents a critical analysis of the impact of the development made by the Park to the local communities. The available policies need to be implemented in order to assess their developmental impact they are making on the communities. The community has developed a negative attitude towards the park because they think the park is not doing enough in terms of development and training and skills development. The issue of a budget is a concern because it is not clear whether the park has a budget or not for the community. In as far as the community is concerned, there is no budget available and in as far as the park is concerned, the budget is available for community development. There is no cooperation between the park and the community. It seems the park is operating parallel to the community. There are a lot of uncertainties on the side of the community which has developed into mistrust. Communities like Makuleke are involved in farming such that some of the community members have got some subsistence farming skills. If training may be given to these people, most of them may begin to engage in commercial farming. There is also a strong feeling that the Hlanganani forum which represents the community is not recognized by the KNP management. It is there to fulfill the requirement of the policy. It became clearly that Kruger National Park does not involve the forum which has been formed to function as a link between the Park and the community. The negotiated partnership between the park and the community in terms of nature conservation is now at stake. The community is now more concerned about their safety and that of their livestock because of the wild animals roaming around day and night. This is a very serious problem which exists between the park and the community which in a way may hamper the progress in terms of sustaining the relationship 5 currently being nurtured. It is recommended that the park management as the main active role player should put in place a good, viable and effective communication strategy which will form the basis of communication between the park and the community. This will assist both the park and the community to communicate the available developmental policies to the community. And if that is well communicated it is going to eliminate unnecessary conflict in terms of not knowing what the park has for the community and the policies available to address such developmental issues. / N/A

Evaluating the integration of multiple land uses in protected areas by assessing user satisfaction assists in identifying the balance between ecological protection and the socio-economic and cultural needs of local populations. Urho Kekkonen National Park in northern Lapland, Finland, provides an example of such integration through the management of reindeer herding, visitor recreation and conservation within park boundaries. Through use of questionnaires, discussions, observations and maps, the impacts and perceptions of reindeer herding, visitor recreation and park management upon each other were assessed, including their relation to conservation. Results revealed a complex co-existence of the users, based on the intensity of demand for an area and spatial location within the park, with overall benefits from the existence of the national park. Discussion of similar arctic-subarctic land use issues in Canadian parks management made apparent the many commonalities of the concerns among national parks worldwide.

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-172).

Thesis (M.L. Arch.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 231-235). Also available via the Internet.

Includes the full and summary reports of State of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area: an evaluation of management effectiveness. / Title from home page (viewed on June 9, 2005). Full report also issued in print and CD.

Includes the full and summary reports of State of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area: an evaluation of management effectiveness, "bonus material ... and papers describing the management evaluation system."--Container insert. / Title from home page (viewed on June 9, 2005). Full and summary reports also available in print and on the internet.