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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
441

L'idéal extra-mondain et la valeur des montagnes-eaux : sur l'invention de shanshui et le naturalisme dans les milieux lettrés en Chine des Wei-Jin (220-420) / Yearning for the Otherworld and Value of Mountains-Waters : emerging of Chinese Landscape and Naturalism in Literate Milieus under the Wei-Jin (220-420) / 世外理想與山水之境 : 中國魏晉時代的山水生成與自然主義

Liu, Nan 21 February 2018 (has links)
Considéré généralement comme objet de l’art, sujet de la littérature et catégorie de l’esthétique chinoise, shanshui, les « montagnes-eaux », est censé relever d’un sentiment et d’une conception de la nature relativement différente de celle de l’Occident. Or la construction moderne de shanshui au prisme de la nature n’intègre la multiple pratique paysagère historiquement fondée dans la tradition lettrée, inextricablement liée à l’invention des montagnes-eaux : l’érémitisme, la recherche d’immortalité, l’excursion, la réunion littéraire lettrée, la création poétique, picturale et du jardin. Centrée sur l’histoire tri-séculaire après la chute de la Dynastie Han, en exposant les conjonctures particulières, analysant la notion ‘ziran’ dans l’étude du Mystère, rassemblant et traduisant les écrits et poèmes thématiques qui témoignent des mouvements et tendances extra-mondains dans les milieux lettrés sous les Wei-Jin (220-420), cette thèse vise à montrer que shanshui, plutôt que d’être constitué par la dualité nature/art, est inventé comme un paradigme confrontant, dans une bipolarisation de la réalité lettrée à cette époque, l’espace confucéen et l’espace taoïste, le service et la retraite, les affaires mondaines et la recherche de l’idéal par-delà la société. Autour de shanshui se cristallisent les idées-valeurs comme l’authenticité, la dévotion, la vertu, la liberté, le naturalisme, le mysticisme, la créativité et la transcendance immanente, en cela, nous supposons la co-naissance des montagnes-eaux et d’un idéal-type de l’humanisme classique chinois. / Generally regarded as the object of art, the subject of literature and Chinese aesthetic category, Shanshui (mountains-waters) is believed to be relevant to aesthetical feelings as well as the philosophical concept of nature that is different from that of the West. However, the modern construction of Shanshui through the prism of nature does not integrate the multiple landscape practices historically founded in the gentry's tradition, which had contributed to the invention of mountains-waters: eremitism, immortality seeking, excursion, gathering of literary circles, and the creation of poetry, paintings and gardens. Focusing on the history of Wei-Jin (220-420) after the fall of the Han dynasty, exposing the particular contexts, analyzing the notion of 'Ziran' in the Xuanxue school, gathering and translating the writings and thematic poems showing the extra-mundane movements and tendencies in literate milieus under this time, this thesis aims to show that Shanshui, rather than being constituted by the duality of nature and art, has been invented as a cultural paradigm to confront, in a bipolarization of the reality of ruling gentry class, the Confucian space and the Taoist space, service and disengagement, mundane concerns and pursuit of the Ideal beyond society. Around Shanshui the ideas and values such as authenticity, deep affection, virtue, liberty, naturalism, mysticism, creativity and immanent transcendence are crystallized, in this way, we may assume the co-birth of mountains-waters and an ideal type of Chinese classical humanism. / 山水研究以往側重于詩歌,繪畫與哲學分析,并普遍將山水視為自然再現,自然情感與某種不同於西方自然觀的審美表達。然而,“相對不同”的判定卻是建立在自然/文化兩分的現代二元范式的“普世應用”上的。因為僅僅強調山水源於“發現自然”並不能整合與山水緊密相關且貫穿於士傳統中的文化實踐:如隱逸,遊仙,遊覽,雅集,以及對世外理想之境的不懈書寫,描畫與營造。本論文考察了魏晉時期(220-420)的社會,政治與文化背景:名教自然的對立,隱逸遊仙的結合,魏晉風度,衣冠南渡,僑立,宗教興起,道釋義理在文化士族內部經由玄學促生的思想轉向等;通過分析魏晉玄學中的自然概念,整理翻譯相關的歷史文本與詩歌,試圖說明,與其說山水是自然/藝術的二元構建,毋寧說山水是士階層在仕與隱,經世與玄遠,世表與塵外的現實兩極化中所創建的一種文化範式。圍繞山水,凝聚了一系列具有重要文化特徵的理念与價值——保真,養身,自足,逍遙,自然主義,暢神玄覽,內在超越與審美理想。這意味著與山水共生的是一種中國古典人文主義的理想型。
442

The Incompatibility of Freedom of the Will and Anthropological Physicalism

Gonzalez, Ariel 01 May 2014 (has links)
Many contemporary naturalistic philosophers have taken it for granted that a robust theory of free will, one which would afford us with an agency substantial enough to render us morally responsible for our actions, is itself not conceptually compatible with the philosophical theory of naturalism. I attempt to account for why it is that free will (in its most substantial form) cannot be plausibly located within a naturalistic understanding of the world. I consider the issues surrounding an acceptance of a robust theory of free will within a naturalistic framework. Timothy O’Connor’s reconciliatory effort in maintaining both a scientifically naturalist understanding of the human person and a full-blooded theory of agent-causal libertarian free will is considered. I conclude that Timothy O’Connor’s reconciliatory model cannot be maintained and I reference several conceptual difficulties surrounding the reconciliation of agent-causal libertarian properties with physical properties that haunt the naturalistic libertarian.

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