OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia y las características materno natales de pacientes hospitalizados por ictericia neonatal tratados con fototerapia en el hospital nivel I Octavio Mongrut Muñoz en el periodo enero 2013 – enero 2015. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal de tipo retrospectivo. Se revisó las historias clínicas del servicio de Neonatología de los años: 2013, 2014 y 2015. La población de estudio constituida por 132 neonatos, según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos, con diagnóstico de ictericia neonatal. Los datos se ingresaron en una base de SPSS para su análisis. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de ictericia neonatal fue de 4.9% en 25 meses, siendo de 4.1% en el 2013; en el 2014, 6% y en enero 2015, de 5%. Las características maternas: el tipo de parto: cesáreas 50% y eutócicos 50%; edad gestacional: recién nacido pretérmino con 0.8%, a término temprano 21.97%, a término completo 70.45% y a término tardío 6.82%; paridad: primigestas 43.94%, un hijo vivo 37.12%, dos hijos vivos 11.36%, tres hijos vivos 6.82% y cuatro hijos vivos 0.76%; edad materna: entre 15-20 años con 7.58%, de 21 a 30 años 53.79% y mayores de 30 años 39.64%; grupo sanguíneo: “O” 79.55%, “A” 12.88%, “B” 6.06% y “AB” 1.52% y el factor Rh (+) con 99.24% y (-) con 0.76%. Las características natales: sexo: masculino 60.61% y femenino 39.39%; peso al nacer: bajo peso al nacer 1.52%, adecuado 84.09% y macrosómicos 14.39%; grupo sanguíneo: “O” 46.21%, “A” 35.61%, “B” 15.91% y “AB” 2.27% y factor Rh (+) con 100%; Test de APGAR: vigoroso 96.21%, deprimido moderado 3.03% y severamente deprimido 0.76%; Test de Capurro: a término con 98.48% y postmaduro con 1.52%. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia es de 4.9%, es decir que de cada 100, cinco neonatos presentaron ictericia. El tipo de parto es indistinto, el grupo de recién nacido a término, las primigestas, edad entre 21-30 años y el grupo sanguineo “O” y factor Rh (+) materno son las más frecuentes. Así como en neonatos, el sexo masculino, el peso adecuado, el grupo “O” y factor Rh (+), Apgar vigoroso y recién nacido a término por Capurro.

published_or_final_version / Pathology / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

Tese de mestrado. Engenharia Biomédica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2005

The admission of an infant to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) has the potential to produce significant stress for the mothers of these infants. Researchers suggest that this may contribute to difficulties with coping following discharge. Past research on this topic has been primarily focused on Caucasian women. Approximately 9% of the U.S. population is of Mexican heritage; therefore, this population is significantly underrepresented in the existing literature. For this reason, the purpose of this grounded theory study was to identify the basic social processes used by English-speaking mothers of Mexican heritage who have experienced the admission of an infant to the NICU. Maximum variation sampling was utilized to recruit 15 English-speaking mothers of Mexican heritage who were at least 18 years of age and had experienced the admission of an infant to the NICU. The women were recruited from various locations in San Antonio, Texas. Data collection was conducted through audio-taped, semi-structured individual interviews and transcribed field notes. Data analysis consisted of constant comparison, open coding of data, and theoretical coding. This investigation resulted in the substantive theory making sure my baby is cared for by being there for my baby. The process began with the unexpected event of having an infant in the NICU and played out in the context of opposing forces: trying to be the mother or making meaningful connections. The mothers developed strategies for managing this situation by balancing responsibilities, leaving part of me with my baby, and watching over. The process concluded with one of two consequences: bringing my baby home or losing my baby. The theory that emerged from this study offers insight for researchers, nurse educators, and neonatal nurses who provide care for English-speaking, Mexican-heritage mothers and their infants as well as for the care of all NICU mothers and their infants. / text

Magister Curationis - MCur / Background: The neonatal period starts at birth and ends 28 days after birth, and is the most defence less period in the newborn's life. Improving newborn health is a priority for the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) in Namibia. The national neonatal mortality rate stood at 21.80 per 1000 live births in the country, and Namibia was unable to attain Millennium Development Goal 4 which focused on reduction of the child mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Aim: This study investigated the factors contributing to neonatal deaths at a national hospital in the Khomas region of Namibia, with the following objectives: (i) to identify causes of early neonatal deaths; (ii) to identify the causes of late neonatal deaths; and (iii) to identify avoidable and unavoidable factors contributing to neonatal deaths. Methodology: The study used a quantitative research approach with a retrospective descriptive design to investigate factors contributing to neonatal deaths. The primary data were collected from a population of 231 record files of all neonates who died during the period 1 January to 31 December 2013 while admitted to the national hospital before 28 completed days of life. Results: The study identified that of the neonates who died, 67.1% (n=155) were early neonatal deaths (during the first 0–7 days of life), while 32.9% (n=76) died during the late neonatal period (from 8–28 days of life). Of the neonates who died, 50.6% (n=117) were male and 48.48% (n=112) were female. The causes of early and late neonatal deaths were similar, although they happened at different stages. The causes of early neonatal deaths have been identified as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) – 24.2% (n=56); neonatal sepsis – 12.1% (n=28); birth asphyxia – 11.7 % (n=27); congenital abnormalities – 14.7 % (n=34); hemorrhagic diseases of newborns – 3.9% (n=9); and unknown – 0.6% (n=1). Neonatal sepsis caused the highest number of late neonatal deaths 17.7 %,( n=41); followed by RDS – 7.4% (n=17); congenital abnormalities – 3.9% (n=9); birth asphyxia – 3.1% (n=7); birth trauma – 0.4% (n=1); and unknown factors – 0.4 % (n=1). The study revealed that avoidable factors related to healthcare providers had a severe impact on neonatal deaths, while congenital abnormalities were unavoidable factors. Conclusion: The study concluded that most neonatal deaths are related to actions or inactions of the healthcare providers and could be avoided. Recommendations: Based on the results of the study, further research is required to assess the knowledge, skills, and behaviors of the healthcare providers. Training and education about neonatal resuscitation needs to be carried out on a regular basis.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2017. / Submitted by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-06-13T10:25:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_LarissaRannySantosOliveira.pdf: 1821423 bytes, checksum: 21eb04ce59abbbc2c838c4469fd91de2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-06-22T15:03:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_LarissaRannySantosOliveira.pdf: 1821423 bytes, checksum: 21eb04ce59abbbc2c838c4469fd91de2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-22T15:03:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_LarissaRannySantosOliveira.pdf: 1821423 bytes, checksum: 21eb04ce59abbbc2c838c4469fd91de2 (MD5) / Os antimicrobianos (AMB) são os medicamentos mais prescritos em Unidades de Terapia Intensivas Neonatais (UTIN). A vigilância da sua utilização para promover seu uso criterioso é crucial para redução da resistência. Com aumento de infecções precoces na população neonatal, somado ao aumento da resistência bacteriana, faz se necessário o estabelecimento de um padrão para comparação do consumo de antimicrobianos entre hospitais de mesmo porte, para condução de estudos de consumo que devem orientar políticas institucionais para o uso racional destes, reduzindo as taxas de infecções hospitalares e o aumento da resistência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o padrão de uso de AMB em uma UTIN em Brasília e calcular sua Dose Diária Definida Neonatal (DDDn) com base na média de peso neonatal para ser utilizada em estudos de consumo. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo envolvendo dados de prescrições e prontuários de recém-nascidos (RN) incluídos no período de 62 dias. Resultados: No total de 66 RN, a maioria foram prematuros (68,2%), com idade gestacional média de 33,5 semanas (± 4,5), media de peso de 1875,87g (± 843,2), tempo médio de internação de 30,4 dias (± 23,3). O principal diagnóstico foi sepse (68%) e 16,6% (n=11) dos RN foram a óbito. Registraram-se 1.519 dias de AMB, com duração média de tratamento de 14,8 dias, sendo os mais utilizados: vancomicina, gentamicina e cefazolina. As DDDn foram calculadas com base no peso médio e diferiram em média 20 vezes da Dose Diária Definida fornecida pela OMS. Conclusão: Foi observado um alto consumo de AMB, sobretudo em RN prematuros de baixo peso. As DDDn encontradas neste estudo incluíram parâmetros fidedignos ao uso de AMB em RN e podem ser utilizadas para condução de estudos de consumo em neonatologia. / Introduction: Antimicrobials (AMB) are the most prescribed drugs in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Consumption surveillance is crucial for reducing resistance. With the increasing rate of infections in neonate population and bacterial resistance, it is necessary that a pattern for antimicrobial consumption between hospitals of same size should be established for the preparation of consumption studies that could guide institutional policies for the rational use of antimicrobials; to reduce the rate of hospital infections; and to hamper bacterial resistance. Objectives: To describe the profile of AMB use in a NICU in Brasilia and to calculate the Neonatal Defined Daily Dose (DDDn) of AMB for antimicrobial consumption studies based on the average weight of the neonate. Methodology: This is a descriptive study, involving prescription and record data of newborns (NB) included during 62 days. Results: In a total of 66 infants, most of them were premature (68.2%), with mean gestational age of 33.5 weeks (± 4.5), mean weight of 1875.87g (± 843.2) and mean period of hospitalization of 30.4 days (± 23.3). The main diagnosis was sepsis (68%) and 16.6% (n = 11) of the 66 newborns died. The study registered a total of 1,519 AMB days, with average of 14.8 days of treatment. The main AMB used were vancomycin, gentamycin and cephazolin. The DDDn was calculated based on the average weight of the neonate and differed in almost 20 times from the general form of the Defined Daily Dose provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Conclusion: The study observed a high consumption of AMB, especially in premature and low birth weight NB. The DDDn found in this study includes reliable parameters for the use of AMB in NB and can be used for consumption research in neonatology.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 2007. / Submitted by Raquel Viana (tempestade_b@hotmail.com) on 2009-11-18T15:38:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_AbrahamJacobSerruya.pdf: 536617 bytes, checksum: 01598cc369671b23846ebe767afcd56b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Carolina Campos(carolinacamposmaia@gmail.com) on 2010-01-12T16:08:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_AbrahamJacobSerruya.pdf: 536617 bytes, checksum: 01598cc369671b23846ebe767afcd56b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-01-12T16:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_AbrahamJacobSerruya.pdf: 536617 bytes, checksum: 01598cc369671b23846ebe767afcd56b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / A toxoplasmose é uma infecção muito freqüente em nosso meio. A forma congênita que é a mais preocupante, pois vai ocasionar lesões neurológicas e oculares, levando a seqüelas tardias, podendo também causar abortos e morte do recém nascido. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a incidência de Toxoplasmose Congênita em dois estado da federação brasileira, sendo Acre e Rondônia no período de 2002 a 2005. Usando o método de coleta de sangue em papel filtro e a técnica de Elisa para a captura de Toxoplasmose IgM. Os resultados encontrados no Estado de Rondônia em 102.963 recém-nascidos que realizaram o exame de toxoplasmose, 126 apresentaram alteração. No Estado do Acre foram triados 34.568 sendo que 56 recém-nascidos apresentaram resultado positivo para a toxoplasmose Congênita. Concluindo que a incidência de Toxoplasmose Congênita no Estado de Rondônia é 1:817 e no Acre 1:617 sobre os recém-nascidos triados. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Toxoplasmosis is a very frequent infection in our way. The congenital form that is most preoccupying, therefore goes to cause neurological and ocular injuries, taking the delayed sequels, also being able to cause abortions and death of just born. This dissertation has as objective to analyze the incidence of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in two state of the Brazilian federacy, being Acre and Rondônia. Using the method of blood collection in paper filter and the technique of Elisa for the capture of IgM Toxoplasmosis. The results found in the State of Rondônia in 102.963 just-been born that they had carried through the examination of toxoplasmosis, 126 had presented alteration. In the State of the Acre 34,568 had been carried through the examination being that 56 just-been born had presented resulted positive for toxoplasmosis Congenital. Concluding that the Congenital Toxoplasmosis in the State of Rondônia is of 1:817 and in the Acre 1:617 on the carried through the examination just-been born ones.

The brain requires a continuous supply of oxygen and even a short period ofreduced oxygen supply risks severe and lifelong consequences for theaffected individual. The delivery is a vulnerable period for a baby who mayexperience for example hypoxia (lack of oxygen) that can damage the brain.Babies who experience problems are placed in an intensive care unit wheretheir vital signs are monitored, but there is no reliable way to monitor thebrain directly. Monitoring the brain would provide valuable informationabout the processes going on in it and could influence the treatment and helpto improve the quality of neonatal care. The scope of this project is todevelop methods that eventually can be put together to form a monitoringsystem for the brain that can function as decision-support for the physician incharge of treating the patient.The specific technical problem that is the topic of this thesis is detection ofburst and suppression in the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. The thesisstarts with a brief description of the brain, with a focus on where the EEGoriginates, what types of activity can be found in this signal and what theymean. The data that have been available for the project are described,followed by the signal processing methods that have been used for preprocessing,and the feature functions that can be used for extracting certaintypes of characteristics from the data are defined. The next section describesclassification methodology and how it can be used for making decisionsbased on combinations of several features extracted from a signal. Theclassification methods Fisher’s Linear Discriminant, Neural Networks andSupport Vector Machines are described and are finally compared with respectto their ability to discriminate between burst and suppression. An experimentwith different combinations of features in the classification has also beencarried out. The results show similar results for the three methods but it canbe seen that the SVM is the best method with respect to handling multiplefeatures.

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