The thesis deals with the Czech translations of the Old Testament, the New Testament or the whole Holy Bible, which where made between 1900-2010. It introduces the Scripture translators and their collaborators, the origin of particular translations, the reviews in press, responses to their editions. It only makes a general passing comment about the linguistic aspect of the translations, however it indicates trends, which influenced some of the translators in their work.

Modern interpreters of Paul, confronted with the ubiquitous and enigmatic phrase “in Christ,” have generally ignored “messiah” as a determinative category for explaining the idiom. This is due in part to a scholarly tradition which holds that Paul did not use χριστός with its conventional sense of “messiah.” However, recent scholarship on early messianology, emphasizing the creative interpretation of scripture in the production of messiah texts, has found that Paul’s usage follows the conventions of ancient Jewish messiah language. Drawing upon this revisionist model, I argue that Paul’s use of the phrase ἐν χριστῷ and its variants is explicable in terms of his messianic re-appropriation of authoritative literary traditions. Put differently, Paul’s “in Christ” language is an innovation that nevertheless follows the customs of ancient Jewish messiah speculation. Chapter one, recounting modern treatments of “participationism” and associated language in Paul, illustrates a virtually uniform neglect of messiahship in describing his “in Christ” language. Chapter two reviews the rise of revisionist accounts of ancient Jewish messiah language which eschew the totalizing concept of “the messianic idea” and emphasize instead linguistic conventions common to messiah texts: the creative re-appropriation of scripture, the reuse of messiah syntagms in new literary contexts, and the frequent recourse to a relatively small pool of literary sources to generate conceptions of messiahship. Chapter three, a study of Paul’s messianic interpretation of the promises concerning Abraham’s seed, concludes that the phraseology “in Christ” derives from the Jewish scriptural words “in your seed,” and that the use of the idiom to denote Christ’s instrumentality in God’s actions and the identification of people as believers arises from this tradition. Chapter four, a study of Paul’s messianic interpretation of the victory of the Danielic heavenly man, concludes that Paul’s concept of solidarity with the messiah is based on that between Daniel’s “one like a son of man” and the people of God and is often expressed with the phrase “in Christ.” Finally, chapter five is a two-part catalog of “in Christ” language in Paul’s letters, part one consisting of a syntactical analysis of every instance and part two a conceptual analysis of every instance in light of the findings of chapters three and four. In sum, Paul’s “in Christ” language, like ancient Jewish messiah language generally, is the product of its author’s creative interpretative enterprise to understand and explain his messiah.

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Orientador: Ivan Esperança Rocha / Banca: Paulo Augusto de Souza Nogueira / Banca: Andrea Lucia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi / Resumo: Um jovem pastor beduíno sai à procura por um de seus animais perdido na região do deserto da Judéia, próximo às bordas do mar Morto, no ano de 1947. Quando ingenuamente joga uma pedra em uma fenda de um penhasco, ouve um barulho de jarro quebrando. Assim ocorreu a maior descoberta de textos antigos jamais feita até então - os Manuscritos do Mar Morto. Uma série de cavernas foi encontrada em seguida, das quais algumas também possuíam material manuscrito. Após isso, percebeu-se que estes manuscritos eram oriundos de um sítio arqueológico próximo, conhecido atualmente como Khirbet Qumran. O material literário que foi descoberto nestas cavernas passou desde então a ser estudado por eruditos do mundo inteiro. Entre estes manuscritos, uma parcela importante é de textos hinários que eram utilizados pela comunidade que residiu neste assentamento até pouco tempo antes da destruição de Jerusalém, em 70 d.C. Os textos hinários eram largamente utilizados pela comunidade de Qumran, com uma função importante dentro dos rituais comunitários e em manifestações pessoais de louvor a Deus. Da mesma maneira, percebemos através dos livros do Novo Testamento que nas comunidades cristãs do primeiro século, a prática do canto hinário foi uma constante. Não só suas composições hinárias, mas aspectos doutrinais destas comunidades apresentam influências consideráveis de materiais anteriores e de outras fontes contemporâneas. Antes da descoberta dos Manuscritos do Mar Morto, acreditavase que as maiores influências à literatura do Novo Testamento provinham somente da Bíblia Hebraica. Atualmente, percebemos mais do que isso. Alguns hinos e passagens... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: A youth bedouin shepherd was searching for one of his lost animals in the area of the Judean desert, near the border of the Dead Sea, in the year of 1947. When he ingenuously threw a stone in a rift of a cliff, he heard a vessel noise breaking. Thus happened like this the largest discovery of old texts ever done until then - the Dead Sea Scrolls. A series of caves was found soon after, several of which contained hand written material. Archaeologists soon realized that these manuscripts were originating from a nearby archaeological site, known now as Khirbet Qumran. Scholars worldwide have studied the literary material that was discovered in these caves. The hymnary texts that were used by the community that resided in this settlement from before the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. are among the most priceless documents discovered. The broadly used hymnary texts of the Qumran community had a significant function in the religious and ritualistic life of the community as evidenced by the personal manifestations of praise to God in the texts. This is analogous to the practices of the early Christian communities of the first century, as described in the New Testament, in which the practice of singing hymns was a daily occurrence. In addition to containing hymnal compositions, the texts also present the doctrinal aspects of the Qumran community. The doctrine presented in the texts shows a considerable influence from older sources and contemporary sources of the Qumran community. Before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, it was believed that the largest influence to the literature of the New Testament was solely derived from the Hebraic Bible. / Mestre

abstract: One of the great hallmarks of Russian life during the nineteenth century was the proliferation of alternative identities at nearly every level of society. Individuals found, created, or adopted new ways of self-identifying oneself vis-à-vis religion, nationality, and politics. This project examines the life of Daniil Avraamovich Khvol'son (1819-1911) and his understanding of his identity--from poor Lithuanian Jew to German educated scholar, to leading defendant of Jews accused of ritual murder, to renowned university professor. Khvol'son is often mentioned in works of the period but remains understudied and, as a result, poorly understood. This dissertation is the first to examine the man's life and times, his scholarly and public writings, as well as available commentaries about him from former students, opponents, and colleagues. This project is based on the available archival sources housed in the central archives of Russia and draws upon the different literary venues in which Khvol'son published during his lifetime. While it provides a broad biography of the man, more importantly, it takes on the content of his writing, the themes he explored, and the ways in which his contributions were viewed within their own time. This project argues that the aim of Russian imperial policy toward Jews was based on a hopeful, if hesitant, desire to gradually bring Jews into the state's service. Khvol'son was among the most successful of those candidates who received a world-class German education, a position within the state, and an opportunity to participate fully within Russian intellectual circles. However, Khvol'son's legacy is complex because he promoted a radical rethinking of Christian understanding of Jews and Judaism and by doing so, he challenged the Orthodox world to reconsider in a deeply personal way the ongoing persecutions of Jews based on false tales about them and their religion. Khvol'son painstakingly challenged the blood libel and sought to prove that it was not based in any identifiable reality but perpetuated an un-Christian worldview that demonized and vilified Jews. In doing so, Khvol'son formulated a controversial self-understanding for his position in society as situated between two diametrically opposed worlds--one Christian, the other Jewish. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. History 2014

ABSTRACT SUFFERING, SOUL CARE, AND COMMUNITY: THE PLACE OF CORPORATE LAMENT IN EVANGELICAL WORSHIP Ann Marie Ahrens, Ph.D. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2017 Chair: Dr. Esther R. Crookshank This dissertation examines the biblical foundations of corporate lament practices beginning with the worship of ancient Israel as found in the Psalms, and their continued use by Jesus in his prayers, the gospel writers, and in the epistles of Paul, Peter, and John in the Revelation. It concludes with case studies and recommendations for the inclusion of lament practices in modern corporate worship. Chapter 1 is a chronological literature review beginning ca. 1980, which demonstrates the increase in worship resources, particularly in the last decade, that focus on corporate lament practices. Resources are categorized as follows: (1) biblical and theological studies; (2) practical theology; (3) psychology and soul care; (4) liturgical resources for lament; and (5) corporate worship and the use of the arts. Scholarly and non-scholarly sources are included. Chapter 2 examines the language and theology of lament in the Old Testament, with specific focus on the Psalms. J. L. Austin’s “Speech Act Theory” is also discussed and applied the lament Psalms in order to broaden the understanding of the rich dialogical nature of Israel’s corporate worship practices. Chapter 3 examines the prayers of Jesus and how his use of the lament Psalms serves as a model for modern believers. Chapter 4 applies Rebekah Eklund’s typology of “echoes and extensions” of the lament Psalms in the writings of Paul, Peter, and John in the Revelation. The goal is to demonstrate that use of the lament Psalms continued after the coming of Christ. Chapter 5 contains a summary of conclusions and undergirding premises for the use of lament Psalms in modern corporate worship. The chapter concludes with foundational considerations for implementing these premises into corporate worship practices. Chapter 6 includes four contemporary case studies in which the Psalms of lament are used to pray through and process times of tragedy and suffering. These case studies include personal, corporate, devotional, and pastoral care examples. The chapter concludes with a brief examination of parallel studies and suggested areas for further study.

The diploma thesis Philological Marginal Notes in John's Gospel of Blahoslav's Translations of New Testament deals with the characteristics of the philological marginal notes in John's Gospel of Blahoslav's New Testament from the year 1564 and 1568. The life of Jan Blahoslav, the information about Blahoslav's New Testament and the history of the research about his translation of New Testament are summarised in the thesis as well as the tradition of Bible commentary and marginal notes in their European and Czech contexts. In the practical part the thesis presents the number of philological marginal notes explored in both editions, the number of variants in marginal notes and their word class distribution. It tries to find possible sources for the text in marginal notes. It uses Czech printed translations of the Bible (Klaudyán's New Testament, Lukáš's New Testament, Optát's New Testament, Melantrich's Bible of 1556-1557) and Latin translations by Erasmus and Beza and their annotations and Vulgate. As a supplement to the thesis there is also a list of excerpted philological marginal notes from both editions of Blahoslav's New Testament and corresponding places in Bible translations examined.

The field of New Testament textual criticism is a vast area with a multitude of manuscripts to examine. Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis (hereafter referred to as D) is one of the most diverse manuscripts and has fascinated scholars for centuries with its many peculiar and notable read-ings. Where, in textual criticism, the Alexandrian text-type is the normative, D is a landmark within the “Western” text-type. This thesis examines D by collating it and one of the Alexan-drian text-type’s most attested manuscripts, codex Vaticanus (hereafter B). The collation is done using Nestle-Aland’s critical edition Novum Testamentum Graece 28 ed., because of its critical apparatus. However, due to the size of the critical apparatus the collation involves only the Gospel of John. The aim of this thesis is to search for readings in D that could indicate what context it was written in and, further, finding what tradition lies behind D. For this purpose, a database has been constructed, containing all differences between the manuscripts, classified according to types of differences and the parts of speech they involve.This thesis argues that D clarifies many of the readings of the Gospel of John with stylistic and narrative techniques, such as narrative explanations and the addition of prepositions, accu-satives, genitives and reflexive pronouns. Thus, implicit structures are avoided. Because of said clarifications this thesis argues that D was written in an environment where it was necessary to clarify uncertain aspects of the storyline. It is proposed that while Greek was the main language in the context where D was written it was not the first language of the scribe, and dialects may have affected the language in D.This thesis also argues that D reinforces the perception of the story. The Gospel of John uses the perfect tense more often than any of the other gospels, which results in the story often being perceived as ongoing rather than finished, as would be the perception of the reader. D has reinforced this tendency and also avoids theological utterances applicable to anybody, conse-quently keeping the perception in the gospel that of the story. Some passages in D also show that D has incorporated thinking from the synoptic gospels and created its own tradition.In summary, this thesis argues that some of D’s differences in comparison to B are related to provisions made for needs present in the context it was written in.

The debate about homosexuality in South Africa (and possibly the Church worldwide) does not focus primarily on the acceptance of homosexual persons, but that the church would accept and bless homosexual marriages. In their attempt to get the church to accept such marriages they (pro-gay theologians) have resorted to an hermeneutics which could be considered as postmodernistic. According to this postmodernistic hermeneutics the siences have greater importance than the Bible. The Word of God has been reduced to the words of men in their thoughts about God. This is done by casting suspicion on the Bible and by using similar examples which are not generally accepted anymore. They come to the conclusion that the Bible of today has a new version of morality. Where they do make use of the Bible, they cast suspicion by saying that the Bible has very little to say about homosexual relationships as it is known today. They try to say that the Bible is mainly concerned with perversity and that the Bible knows nothing about homosexual marriages or relationships of love and trust. In this study it has been shown that the above mentioned interpretation of the Bible concerning homosexual relationships and marriages cannot be sustained. Science cannot change a theological term (like sin). All the hermeneutic keys used in the debate (antique history – history of the church; the authority of the Bible and the use thereof; Biblical sexuality and Old and New Testament evidence) reject homosexual relationships – also those of love and trust. / Thesis (PhD (NT Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / New Testament Studies / unrestricted