本研究旨在探討新聞編輯的專家與生手在問題解決表現上是否有差異。本研究以認知心理學的專家與生手理論切入，探究新聞編輯在問題解決過程中的建立問題表徵階段的初步分析、分類基礎與知識結構表現是否會有不同，在執行解決方案階段的解題策略、評估策略及監控能力表現是否會有差異，並希望了解影響新聞編輯問題解決表現的職業背景因素，本研究以「從事新聞編輯的年資」、 「從事新聞工作的年資」及「是否為新聞科系畢業」等三個職業背景來檢驗它們與問題解決表現的相關性。 　　本研究選定四個報社新聞編輯為個案研究對象，透過實地觀察及深度訪談，了解他們在問題解決過程的表現。所得研究結果簡述如下： 　　l、從事新聞編輯的年資與初步分析、知識結構、解題策略及監控能力呈正相關： 　　本研究發現，新聞編輯的問題解決表現的確會有差異。而從事新聞編輯年資愈深者，在初步分析、知識結構、解題策略及監控能力上的表現，傾向於專家。而年資較淺耆，則在上述表現具有生手的解題特性。 　　2、從事新聞編輯的年資與評估策略呈負相關： 　　本研究發現，從事新聞編輯年資較深者，所提出的厥面其他方案（評估方案）較年資淺者少，反而具有生手的特性，相反的，年資較淺者，提出較多的版面其他方案，在此表現上傾向於認知心理學研究中的專家。 　　3、從事新聞工作年資與知識結構呈正相關： 　　本研究發現，從事新聞工作年資愈深者，在面對各種不同稿件時，製作標題的反應時間（知識結構）較短，亦即狀況與行動在知識結構中的聯結較為緊密，傾向於專家。而新聞工作年資較淺者，會花費較多的時間在製作標題，顯示面對狀況時，無法有效的提取適當的行動，聯結程度較差，具有生手的解題特性。

Dissertation Transformation of a profession of a news editor in the Czechoslovak/Czech Radio describes a formation and development of a newsroom in Czechoslovak and later Czech Radio and the development of its employees' job content in connection with technological progress, ideology, organization, but also with the amount and structure of news' content. The thesis begins with the birth of first Czech Radio station called Radiojournal and year 1923, despite the fact that the news were prepared by Czech News Agency at that time. A big part of the thesis deals with the period, when Czechoslovak Radio began to prepare its own news. Author focuses on a connection between the Radio and Communists Party of Czechoslovakia, the role of radio news coverage in the years 1948, 1968 and 1989, which are very important to Czech history in the 20th century and deals with then censorship as well. The thesis also tries to illustrate an atmosphere and working environment in the newsroom.

國際新聞向來不受重視，也常為人所詬病，過去對國際新聞的研究都以守門人觀念、內容分析、資訊不平衡、通訊社和記者為主。沒有人針對國際新聞的特性和從事編輯[編譯]工作者的人格特質，以及它們對工作滿足的影響進行研究。本研究企圖探討國際新聞的工作特性，編輯[編譯]人員的人格特質對工作滿足的影響進行研究。 本研究在人格特質上，採用成就取向、權威取向、權術取向、風險取向及內控取向等五個構面，在工作特性上，採用自主性、變化性、完整性、重要性和回饋性等五個構面。在工作滿足方面則採用內在及外在兩項工作滿足構面。並加入性別、年齡、職位、薪資、學歷和年資等因素，探討國際新聞編輯[編譯]人員的工作滿足。 本研究透過問卷方式調查，並以深度訪談進行質化研究。問卷內容包括人格特質以Robbins的「人格特質量表」衡量，工作特性以「工作診斷量表」與「工作特性量表」合製而成的量表進行衡量，工作滿足以「明尼蘇達短式問卷」衡量。深度訪談以Gieber (1956)的研究發現為主發展出的問題，分別訪問資淺、資深編輯[編譯]與主管人員。 研究發現： （一）人格特質構面的「成就取向」對內在滿足有顯著的解釋力。 （二）工作特性構面的「重要性與變化性」對內在滿足有顯著的解釋力。 （三）部分個人屬性變項對人格特質、工作特性與工作滿足造成差異性。 （四）國際新聞編輯[編譯]人員的人格特質有兩大改變，過去注重工作細節和態度是消極的，現在則注重社會責任與態度是積極的。 （五）工作滿足方面，由於外在滿足不易，因此多數國際新聞編輯[編譯]人員轉向追求內在滿足。 關鍵字：人格特質，工作特性，工作滿足，國際新聞編輯[編譯]。 / For many years, international news coverage in Taiwan has often been overlooked and subject to criticism. Previous studies have focused on the perception of the gatekeeper, content analysis, information imbalance, news agencies and the reporters. Moreover, little emphasis has been placed on the personality trait of the foreign news editors/translators, job characteristics and job satisfaction. This study aims to examine the correlation among the personality traits, job characteristics and job satisfaction for foreign news editors/translators in Taiwan. The dimension of personality consists of five items including locus of control, achievement orientation, authoritarianism, machiavellism and risk taking. The five components in the dimension of job characteristics are autonomy, task identity, task importance and skill variety. The dimension of job satisfaction consists of two components including intrinsic satisfaction and extrinsic satisfaction. In addition, demographic characteristics such as gender, compensation, and job rank are considered in our analysis. We utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis in this study. Specifically, data are collected on the aforementioned dimensions of interest using questionnaires and statistical analysis was conducted to assess correlations quantitatively. We also conducted depth-discussion with foreign news editors/ translators based on the Gieber study. The results of these discussions are summarized qualitatively. Our investigation leads to the following conclusions: 1. Achievement orientation of the personality trait has significant positive effect on intrinsic satisfaction. 2. Importance and variety of the job characteristics has significant positive effect on intrinsic satisfaction. 3. Parts of demographic characteristics cause various different effect on the personality trait, job characteristics and job satisfaction. 4. In personality trait, there are two changes, their emphasis changes from detailed work to social responsibility and their attitude changes from passive to positive. 5. In job satisfaction, it is not easy to get extrinsic satisfaction, they pursue intrinsic satisfaction instead. Keywords; personality trait, job characteristics, job satisfaction, foreign news editor/translator