This is a study of the obvious and intimated causes of the Nez Perce War of 1877 in Idaho Territory and a collection of reasons explaining why the terms of surrender agreed upon by Chief Joseph and Colonel Nelson A. Miles were not honored by the United States government. There is a relationship between the events preceeding and following the war as they determined the history of the Nez Perce nation throughout the second half of the nineteenth century. National, state and territorial interests, cultural and religious differences, racial prejudices and white greed for Indian lands all contributed either directly or indirectly in determining those events, and, despite the Indians entreaties for fair treatment, molded the Nez Perce nation into the model desired by the white majority of the United States. Research for this study included an examination of the reports of the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Interior, and the Board of Indian Commissioners from the years 1877 to 1893. The Congressional Record and the Senate Miscellaneous Documents from that period were also examined. An excellent source for local for local attitudes was the Lewiston Teller from the years 1875 to 1892. Copies of the newspaper are on file in the Lewiston, Idaho city library. Additional information was obtained from the newspaper files of the Lewiston Morning Tribune, on file in that newspaper’s office, and the Spokesman Review, filed at the Spokane, Washington city library. The director of the Nez Perce National Park kindly loaned me his microfilm copies of letters and reports from agents of the Lapwai, Lehmi and Fort Hall reservations and related correspondence from the years 1862 to 1880. The latter source is also on microfilm at the University of Idaho. Original sources, monographs and general works were researched in Multnomah County and the Oregon Historical Society libraries of Portland, Oregon.

Le mémoire suivant présente deux projets de recherche dans deux domaines spécifiques sans lien entre les deux. Le premier projet portait sur la comparaison entre la muqueuse nasale et le polype chez un même sujet en relation avec la présence ou la sévérité de l'asthme. Nous avons observé que la muqueuse nasale semble plus différenciée que le polype chez des sujets présentant une polypose nasale, qu'ils soient asthmatiques ou non. De plus, le processus de remodelage serait également plus important dans le polype nasal comparé à la muqueuse nasale. Le deuxième projet consistait à comparer la fonction respiratoire et la présence de cellules inflammatoires dans l'expectoration induite chez les sujets asthmatiques jeunes et âgés. Chez le sujet âgé, nous avons démontré un phénotype asthmatique différent comparé au sujet jeune. Ce phénotype est caractérisé par une obstruction bronchique sévère et une importante neutrophilic Notre étude nous indique que l'approche et le traitement devraient être différents dans les personnes âgées comparées à l'asthmatique plus jeune.

Thèse de doctorat : Mécanique. Biomécanique : Paris 12 : 2006. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 124 réf.

Thesis (M.S. in natural resource sciences)--Washington State University, August 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 21, 2009). "Department of Natural Resource Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-44).

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF VICTOR NOLLEN WHITE, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Health Education, presented On November 14, 2014, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Title: THE USE OF THE EXPANDED HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (EHBM) TO EVALAUTE OSTEOPOROSIS ATTITUDES, KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS AND SELF-EFFICACY OF NEZ PERCE TRIBAL AND NON NEZ PERCE TRIBAL MEMBERS IN NEZ PERCE COUNTY, IDAHO. Major Professor: Dr. Dhitinut Ratnapradipa According to the State of Idaho, the National Osteoporosis Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, osteoporosis is a public health concern nationally among non-Native American (NNA) and Native American (NA) populations. The purpose of this research project is to obtain written survey data on osteoporosis attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy among male and female members of the Nez Perce Tribe (Nimiipuu) and non-Tribal members, aged 18 and over via voluntary completion of a written survey questionnaire based on the expanded health belief model (EHBM). The study was conducted in Nez Perce County, ID. The research involved determining whether or not there is a statistically significant difference in osteoporosis attitudes, knowledge, beliefs and self-efficacy among males and females, aged 18 and over Nez Perce Tribal members as compared to Non-Tribal members in Nez Perce County, ID. Non-Nez Perce tribal members are individuals whom are 1) Native Americans who are not members of the Nez Perce Tribe and 2) all Non-Native Americans in the research study. Exercise self-efficacy and gender seem to be the most significant variables showing evidence against the null hypotheses and in favor of the research hypothesis (Null Hypothesis: H0: Native American=Non-Native American. Research Hypothesis: H1: Native American ≠ Non-Native American). Age also shows evidence against the null hypothesis and in favor of the research hypothesis, but not as strongly as exercise and gender. Seriousness of osteoporosis was the most concern to all respondents and female Native Americans perceived the greatest barrier to preventing osteoporosis was being unable to access dietary calcium on a regular basis.

Although Réjean Ducharme is a major literary figure in Quebec, he is virtually unknown to English Canada. His novels L'Avalée des avalés and Le Nez qui vogue are important in the evolving literary tradition of Quebec because they foreground the functioning of language, but this tendency also explains why translation of Ducharme is a difficult undertaking. Thus, as of 1985, Le Nez qui vogue has not been published in English. The purpose of this study is to examine L'Avalée des avalés and Le Nez qui vogue from two complementary points of view: traditional and metafictional. Both of these novels diverge substantially from the norms of verisimilitude while presenting a wealth of psychological motifs. The psychological coherence of the first-person represented in these texts points out the individual subject's dependence vis-à-vis social and cultural values, the relativity of the concept "subject," and its status as a social construct or "text" in its own right. In other words, the psychological representation of subject evokes the latter's status as fictional or constructed, within the text, as character, and outside of the text, as writer/reader. At the same time, the divergence of the novels from the norms of verisimilitude constitutes an interpretation and critique of those norms and of literary and expository discourse in general. L'Avalée and Le Nez are metafictions, or novels about fiction. The image of subject in L'Avalée des avalés repeats the myth of schizoid deterioration presented in Laing's The Divided Self, while the subject in Le Nez qui vogue repeats Freud's obsessive self. In Part I, I discuss these rapprochements in the light of a traditional interpretation of character. The description of the subject assumes the first-person narrator to be the origin of the discourse which becomes the novel. In Parts II and III of my discussion I reverse this point of view. In Part II, I show how the language and structure of L'Avalée reveal the text as constituting a parody of the psychological novel, by using Linda Hutcheon's concept of parody as repetition with a difference. Semantic incongruity defines the parameters of the text, pointing to meaning as a complex or non-univocal structure, just as the schizoid subject caricatures the non-schizoid subject by never being at one with itself. The subject emerges as an image of the text as realized in the act of reading. Part III of my discussion addresses the relations of subject and text in Le Nez qui vogue, which conforms to verisimilitude more than L'Avalée, by representing its own inscription as the narrator's practise of keeping a journal. Passages of nonsense and word play in the journal gradually give way to a narrative account of the subject's cure and separation from his alter ego. The discourse which produces the cure also performs a critique of discourse itself as tautological, a critique outlined in Patrick Imbert's discussions of Ducharme. This discourse can be displaced only by a récit which is ultimately included within the closed conceptual universe critiqued. The narrative of the alter ego's endangerment and death displaces the narrative of the subject's cure. Instead of reaffirming his cure, the narrator's neglect of textual practise in favour of narrative constitutes his entrapment within a closed conceptual universe; and specifically within the ethos of castration which interprets the other as a degraded version of the same, the unknown as the already known. The possibility of this reversal of interpretation in Le Nez qui vogue accords a high-profile role to the reader by making overt the latter's responsibility in imposing closure on a text. The reduplicating of the narrator's conscious discourse by the unconscious discourse representing castration makes explicit his status as result rather than origin of discourse. The pursuit of psychological subject in L'Avalée des avalés and in Le Nez qui vogue leads one to appreciate subject as text, that is, as an interpreted plurality. It also leads one to recognize text as subject, that is, as realized by the reading process. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

La thèse a pour objet le changement lexical en nez-percé, une langue en danger de l'Idaho (États-Unis)dont le nombre de locuteurs natifs est inférieur à quinze et qui est très peu décrite. L'étude comportedeux axes principaux : la description de la formation des noms de la langue et l'analyse des procédéslexicogéniques employés actuellement dans la création des unités lexicales relatives à l'alimentaire. Aprèsune synthèse linguistique qui renseigne sur la phonologie (plus particulièrement les variations engendréespar les procédés lexicogéniques), l'ordre des constituants et les syntagmes nominaux et verbaux, la thèseétudie la réduplication, la composition, la dérivation affixale (plus spécifiquement les dérivations parsuffixation du morphème de l'analogie et des suffixes ayant subis une conversion catégorielle), et lanominalisation. Puis elle traite de la lexicalisation des métonymies et des métaphores. Enfin, elle analyseles procédés qui conduisent à la création du lexique alimentaire de ces trente dernières années eteffectue une comparaison avec les ressources précédemment identifiées. / The doctoral dissertation analyzes the lexical change in nez perce, an endangered language spoken inIdaho (Unites States of America) that counts less than fifteen native speakers and lacks studies inlexicology. The work is divided into two parts : the description of noun formation, and the analysis of thenew food lexicon. After a synthesis on phonology (modifications due to lexical change), on word order,and on the nominal and verbal clauses, the thesis describes reduplication, compounds, the affixalderivation (especially nouns derived by analogical or converted suffixes) and the lexical nominalisation.Moreover, it deals with the lexicalisations of metonymies and metaphors. Then, it analyzes processes thatlead to the creation of the new food lexicon and compares them with the previously identified processesinvolved in the formation of noun.

Orientador: Carlos Erivany Fantinati / Banca: João Luís Cardoso Tápias Ceccantini / Banca: Alice Áurea Penteado Martha / Resumo: Essa pesquisa tem por finalidade organizar cronologicamente e analisar criticamente artigos, ensaios e referências dedicados às obras A Menina do Narizinho Arrebitado (1920) e Narizinho Arrebitado (1921), de Monteiro Lobato, publicados em livros e periódicos entre 1920 e 2001. O trabalho teve também como objetivo avaliar os estudos críticos divididos em última instância em duas categorias: os que contribuíram com análises esclarecedoras e inovadoras sobre os dois livros e os que se limitaram a repetir lugares-comuns acerca deles. A pesquisa abarcou ainda a recepção das obras em meio eletrônico (Internet). Procurou finalmente verificar em que períodos de nossa história literária as obras foram mais estudadas e os enfoques recebidos. / Résumé: Cette recherche a pour but l’organisation chronologique et l’analyse critique des articles, des assais et des références consacrés aux oeuvres “La fillette au petit nez pointu” (1920) et “Petit nez pointu” (1921), de Monteiro Lobato, publiées en livres et en périodiques entre 1920 et 2001. Ce travail a eu encore le but d’évaluer les études critiques scindés, finalment, en deux catégories: les études qui ont contribués à des analyses éclaircissantes et inovatrices sur les deux oeuvres et ceux qui se sont limités à répéter des lieux-communs sur les deux livres en question. La recherche a eu aussi l’aide des renseignements informatisés (Internet). Et finalement elle a cherché à vérifier les périodes de notre histoire littéraire, où ces oeuvres ont été encore étudiées et comment elles ont été ciblées. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-05-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brero_ce_me_assis.pdf: 6890959 bytes, checksum: af6ae1439938279366fe93dd05b3d2b6 (MD5) / Cette recherche a pour but l organisation chronologique et l analyse critique des articles, des assais et des références consacrés aux oeuvres La fillette au petit nez pointu (1920) et Petit nez pointu (1921), de Monteiro Lobato, publiées en livres et en périodiques entre 1920 et 2001. Ce travail a eu encore le but d évaluer les études critiques scindés, finalment, en deux catégories: les études qui ont contribués à des analyses éclaircissantes et inovatrices sur les deux oeuvres et ceux qui se sont limités à répéter des lieux-communs sur les deux livres en question. La recherche a eu aussi l aide des renseignements informatisés (Internet). Et finalement elle a cherché à vérifier les périodes de notre histoire littéraire, où ces oeuvres ont été encore étudiées et comment elles ont été ciblées. / Essa pesquisa tem por finalidade organizar cronologicamente e analisar criticamente artigos, ensaios e referências dedicados às obras A Menina do Narizinho Arrebitado (1920) e Narizinho Arrebitado (1921), de Monteiro Lobato, publicados em livros e periódicos entre 1920 e 2001. O trabalho teve também como objetivo avaliar os estudos críticos divididos em última instância em duas categorias: os que contribuíram com análises esclarecedoras e inovadoras sobre os dois livros e os que se limitaram a repetir lugares-comuns acerca deles. A pesquisa abarcou ainda a recepção das obras em meio eletrônico (Internet). Procurou finalmente verificar em que períodos de nossa história literária as obras foram mais estudadas e os enfoques recebidos.

La pollution atmosphérique malodorante provient essentiellement de quatre gaz SO2, H2S, NO2 et NH3. Afin de réduire au mieux ces effets néfastes sur la santé et l'environnement, il faut contrôler en continu les émanations de gaz le plus près possible de la source. Ce qui nécessite un appareil capable de détecter ces gaz polluants, simple d'utilisation, de taille et poids réduits. C'est dans cette optique que nous avons réalisé un nez électronique portable, servant à détecter les quatre gaz cibles déjà cités. La partie sensible de ce prototype est constituée d'une matrice de six capteurs à oxydes métalliques semi-conducteurs, dont nous utilisons la sensibilité croisée. Le nez électronique fonctionne sur le même principe que le nez humain, il doit apprendre à reconnaître une odeur. Cette phase d'apprentissage se déroule au laboratoire où nous envoyons sur les capteurs des mélanges gazeux connus et contrôlés. La réponse des capteurs varie en fonction de la nature du gaz (réducteur ou oxydant) et de leur sensibilité à celui-ci. Puis l'utilisation de méthodes d'analyse de données a prouvé que notre nez électronique peut discriminer un mélange gazeux complexe et le quantifier. Ensuite nous avons placé le nez électronique en situation réelle, en étudiant l'odeur dégagée par des fientes de canards dans une ferme expérimentale. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que cet appareil pouvait détecter de manière fiable les variations d'odeur en fonction des paramètres influents. Ainsi, nous avons réalisé la validation de notre prototype en laboratoire puis sur site. Mais les capteurs utilisés présentent un inconvénient, ils doivent conserver sans interruption leur température de fonctionnement (~ 350°C). Afin de prévenir cette forte consommation d'énergie, nous avons développé des capteurs polymères qui fonctionnent à température ambiante. La caractérisation en laboratoire a montré qu'ils sont sensibles aux gaz cibles étudiés. Leurs réponses à H2S laisse apparaître une bonne stabilité à court et moyen terme, qui permettra de les intégrer dans la matrice après complet développement / The malodorous atmospheric pollution results essentially from four gases SO2, H2S, No2 and NH3. To reduce at best these fatal effects on the health and the environment, it is necessary to control continuously the gas emanations closer to the source, That requires adevice enable to detect these polluant gases, easy to use, with reduced size and weight. In this way, we have realized a portable electronic nose, to detect of the four target gases already mentioned. The sensitive part of this prototype is composed of a matrix of six semi conducting metal oxide sensors, offering a good cross sensivity. The electronic nose mimics the human nose, he has to learn to recognize an odour. This learning phase is realised in the laboratoy by introducing in the sensor cell gas mixtures with controlled composition, The sensor response varies with the nature of the gas (reducing or oxidizing) and their own gas sensitivity. The use of analysis and data methods proves that our electronic nose can well discriminate a complex gas mixture and quantify it. Then, we have placed the electronic nose in a real situation, by studying the odour coming from a duck experimental farm. The obtained results showed that this prototype could well detect the variations of the odour level in accordance with the influent parameters. So, we have realized the laboratory and the real site validation of our electronic nose. But the metal oxide sensors present an inconvenient : they have to keep continuously their working temperature (~ 350°C). To prevent this strong energy consumption, we have developed polymer sensors which work at room temperature. The characterization in laboratory showed that they are sensitive to studied target gases. Their responses to H2S have a good stability in short and middle term, allowing to integrate them into the matrix after complete development