Cette thèse porte sur le maba, une langue nilo-saharienne du groupe maban, parlée à l’Est du Tchad par quelques 300.000 locuteurs. Cette langue est très peu décrite, et nous avons tenté de faire ressortir les caractéristiques phonologiques et morphosyntaxiques de la langue.Dans un premier temps, nous avons décrit l’inventaire des phonèmes ainsi que la formation des mots. Puis nous avons abordé le système nominal, c’est-à-dire le nom, les déterminants du nom ainsi que le constituant nominal. L’une des particularités du maba sont les coverbes, lexèmes actualisés soit à l’aide d’un morphème nominal ou d’un verbe support. Nous avons traité le système verbal, décrivant la morphologie du verbe ainsi que les TAM et les opérations de modifications de la valence. Nous nous sommes attachée à décrire les propositions complexes, qu’elles soient complétives ou adverbiales, subordonnées, coordonnées ou juxtaposées. L’un des points saillants du système est la fréquence de l’emploi des converbes, formes verbales non finies, dans le discours. Pour terminer la description, nous nous sommes attardée sur le discours, mettant en évidence quelques mécanismes de focalisation et de topicalisation, et revenant sur le discours rapporté.L’une des traits caractéristiques de la langue est la complexité du nombre, tant nominal que ver-bal, ceci étant une particularité des langues nilo-sahariennes de façon générale. Le marquage du nom-bre est morphologique – suffixation, ou syntaxique – indiqué par l’accord entre le nom et ses dépen-dants, le nom et le verbe ou le verbe et l’objet. / This thesis concerns Maba, a Nilo-Saharan language from the Maban group, spoken by some 300,000 speakers in Eastern Chad. The language has been very little studied up to now, and my aim in this thesis has been to research and describe its phonological and morphological characteristics.I begin by describing the phoneme inventory and the rules governing word formation. This is followed by a consideration of the nominal system, including sections on the noun, the noun determi-nants and the noun phrase. One of the points of special interest in the language is the use of co-verbs. Co-verbs are lexemes which are accompanied either by a nominal morpheme or by a support verb. The thesis continues with a description of the verbal system, including the verb morphology, the TAM sys-tem and modifications in valency. This is followed by a discussion of complex clauses, including com-pletive and adverbial clauses, subordinate clauses, and coordinate and juxtaposed clauses. Then the discussion returns to the co-verbs, examining the frequency of use of the ‘non-finished’ verb form in the discourse. To close the description, we look at other aspects of discourse, showing some topicalisa-tion and focalisation mechanisms, and finishing with reported speech.One of the characteristics of the language which is featured in this thesis is the complexity of number, be it nominal or verbal number. This complexity is a particularity of Nilo-Saharan languages as a whole. Number is marked morphologically, by suffixation, or syntactically, by concord between the noun and its dependants, the noun and the verb or the verb and the object.

Thesis (Ph. D (African Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical (leaf 178-191).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a organização da indústria de beneficiamento de tilápias-do-nilo criadas em cativeiro no Estado do Paraná, destacando-se aspectos de sua estrutura, conduta e desempenho. Para a sua realização foi utilizado o paradigma estrutura-conduta-desempenho da Organização Industrial. Os dados foram obtidos via entrevista e via telefone junto aos proprietários de todas as unidades de beneficiamento de tilápia, situadas no Paraná, e que, em 2000, estavam autorizadas, pelo Serviço de Inspeção Sanitária e Industrial dos municípios, do Estado do Paraná ou do Ministério da Agricultura, a beneficiar e comercializar pescados e derivados no mercado paranaense. Quanto aos aspectos da estrutura da referida indústria, constatou-se que ela apresenta uma concentração moderada-baixa, com a presença de muitas empresas produtoras, muitos compradores e algumas barreiras à entrada de novas empresas. No entanto, quando analisou-se a concentração nos mercados regionais, verificou-se diferentes graus de concentração, ou seja, moderada-alta nas regiões Oeste e Sudoeste, moderada-baixa na região Norte e alta nas regiões Noroeste e Sul. Constatou-se ainda que o acesso à matéria-prima e as dificuldades na comercialização decorrem da estrutura de governança adotada pelas empresas em que as transações com fornecedores e distribuidores ocorrem via de mercado. Com relação à formação de preços, observa-se que a maioria das empresas toma o preço dos seus produtos no mercado. Além disso, as firmas não fazem acordos formais nem estabelecem contratos para aumentar o seu poder de mercado e gastam relativamente pouco com propaganda e promoções. Em relação ao desempenho da indústria, observou-se que os preços reais do filé de tilápia mantiveram-se praticamente estáveis, apresentando uma leve tendência de queda no período analisado. No que diz respeito às margens de comercialização do atacadista constatou-se que oscilaram bastante, revelando um comportamento decrescente. Conclui-se que a estrutura atomizada e pouco concentrada deste mercado, aliada à conduta pouco agressiva das empresas explica a tendência de queda nos preços e nas margens absolutas de comercialização do filé, a baixa produtividade e a elevada capacidade ociosa que comprometem não apenas a sustentabilidade da indústria de beneficiamento como também dos demais setores da cadeia produtiva. Ao finalizar este estudo conclui-se que é imprescindível que as empresas discutam e adotem medidas que visem melhorar a qualidade e reduzir o preço dos insumos, que viabilizem o aproveitamento da carcaça e da pele de peixe, resolvendo um problema ambiental e melhorando seu desempenho e que lhe permitam coordenar a produção de matéria-prima e a distribuição do produto final, aumentando a eficiência e a competitividade ao longo da cadeia produtiva da piscicultura / The aim of this paper is to study the industrial organization of the processed industry of the Nile tiIapias raised in the state of Paraná , focusing on its structure, conduct and performance. In order to accomplish this work, the Industrial Organization paradigm - structure-conduct-performance was used. The data used were obtained through interviews and telephone calIs to the owners of alI the fish raising units in the state of Paraná, which, in the year 2000, were authorized by the Sanitary and Industrial Inspection Service of cities in the Paraná state or the Ministry of AgricuIture, to suppIy and commercialize fish and derivatives in the "paranaense" market. As for the structural aspects of the aforementioned industry, it was evidenced that it shows a moderate-Iow concentration with the presence of a good deal of producing enterprises, many purchasers and a few restrictions for the coming of new enterprises. However, when the concentration of the regional markets was ana1yzed, it was evidenced different degrees of concentration, which is, moderate - high in the Westem and Southwestem regions, moderate - low in the Northem region and high in the Northem and Southem regions. It was also evidenced that the access to raw material and difficulties in the commercialization resulted from the managing structure adopted by enterprises whose transactions with suppliers and distributors happen via market. As for the prices practices, it is noticed that most of the enterprises quote their products in the market. Moreover, neither do companies have formal agreements nor establish aims to increase their market share. Relatively little is spent in adverting and promotions. As for industrial performance, it was evidenced that the real prices of the fillet of tilapias remained practically stable, with a slight tendency to decrease over the period of analysis. As for the commercialization margins in wholesale, it was noticed that they vary considerably revealing a decreasing behavior. It is concluded that the atomized structure, little concentrated in this market, allied to the little aggressive enterprises conduct, explain the tendency of decrease in prices and in the absolute margins of the fillet commercialization, the low productivity and the high idleness which jeopardize not only the industrial sustainability as well as other sectors of the productive chain. Finalizing this study, it is concluded that it is of vital importance that enterprises discuss and adopt procedures aiming to improve quality and reduce inseam prices which make the use of fish carcass and skin feasible, solving one environmental problem and improving its performance and that allows it to coordinate raw material production and the distribution of final product, increasing efficiency and competition along the chain production of fish

Orientador: Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano / Coorientador: giovani Sampaio Gonçalves / Coorientador: Ricardo Borghesi / Banca: Manoel Garcia Neto / Banca: Leandro Kanamaru Franco de Lima / Banca: Morris Ricardo Villarroel Robinson / Banca: Rubèn Bermejo Poza / Resumo: Biomassas microbianas produzidas a partir de resíduos e coprodutos industriais podem ser utilizadas como fonte de proteínas e de antioxidantes em dietas de peixes, reduzindo os custos para a indústria com tratamento e descarte e auxiliando na preservação do meio ambiente. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e o status oxidativo de tilápias alimentadas com diferentes biomassas microbianas e a qualidade de sua carne. Juvenis de tilápia-do-Nilo (26,84 ± 1,03 g) foram alimentadas com as dietas experimentais durante 76 dias. Os tratamentos incluíram uma dieta controle negativo (sem biomassa microbiana), uma dieta controle com 0,01% de vitamina E (VE) e as demais contendo três tipos de biomassa microbiana em duas concentrações (0,25 e 0,5%): Rubrivivax gelatinosus (RG25 e RG50), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC25 e SC50) e Spirulina platensis (SP25 e SP50). Foram avaliados o desempenho e o status oxidativo dos peixes e os parâmetros físicos, químicos e bromatológicos da qualidade da carne. A inclusão de biomassa microbiana nas dietas reduziu o status oxidante total do plasma, o malonaldeído e a atividade respiratória dos leucócitos, e aumentou o status antioxidante total, sem interferir nos parâmetros bioquímicos. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram resultado similar para os parâmetros de desempenho, exceto pela conversão alimentar aparente do RG50 que foi menor que do grupo controle negativo. No filé, o uso de biomassa microbiana diminuiu as substâncias reati... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Microbial biomass produced with industrial residues can be used as sources of proteins and antioxidants in fish feeds. The practice results in reduced amounts of waste to treat and discard and so brings benefits to the industry and to the environment. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the growth and the oxidative status of tilapia fed microbial biomass and the quality of its flesh. Nile tilapia (26.84 ± 1.03 g) were fed one of experimental diets for 76 days. Treatments included a negative control diet (without microbial biomass), a control diet supplemented with 0.01% vitamin E (VE), and diets containing three types of microbial biomass in two concentrations (0.25 and 0.5%): R. gelatinosus (RG25 and RG50), S. cerevisiae (SC25 and SC50), and S. platensis (SP25 and SP50). The growth and the oxidative status of the animals and the physical, chemical and bromatological parameters of the flesh quality were evaluated. Adding microbial biomass to diets decreased plasma total oxidant status, malonaldehyde and leukocyte respiratory burst, increased the total antioxidant status and did not affect the blood biochemical parameters. All treatments had similar growth parameters, except feed conversion ratio that was lower for RG50 than for negative control group. In the flesh, the use of the microbial biomass lowered the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased redness (except for S. cerevisiae), carotenoid deposition (except SC25) and protein content and improved the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Maria Célia Portella / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a substituição parcial da farinha de peixe por farinha de inseto em dietas para tilápia-do-nilo na fase inicial de crescimento. Foi realizado um experimento inteiramente casualizado constando de seis tratamentos de níveis crescentes de inclusão de farinha de mosca-soldado negra em substituição à farinha de peixe (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% e 50%), com cinco repetições de cada tratamento, por um período de 30 dias. Larvas com 3 dias pós-eclosão foram estocadas na densidade de 10 larvas.L-1 em tanques de 50L dispondo de fluxo contínuo de água e aeração constante, e receberam cinco arraçoamentos diários. Durante o experimento foram realizadas quatro avaliações biométricas (aos 7, 14, 21 e 30 dias) para determinação do peso úmido, peso seco, comprimento total, comprimento padrão e altura dos animais. Além disso, foram calculadas as taxas de crescimento específico e de sobrevivência, e a relação entre peso úmido e peso seco. Os peixes também foram classificados em três categorias de tamanho (pequeno “P”, médio “M” e grande “G”) ao final do experimento, de acordo com comprimento total. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças significativas (p> 0,05) apenas no 30 º dia para comprimento total e no 14º dia para altura. Em relação à taxa de crescimento específico, verificaram-se diferenças significativas no 14º e 30º dia de experimento. Em relação às categorias de tamanho, as larvas que foram alimentados com maiores níveis de inclusão da farinha d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study evaluated the partial replacement of fishmeal by insect meal in diets for Nile tilapia during the initial phase of growth. A completely randomized experiment was carried out with six treatments of increasing levels of inclusion of black soldier fly meal instead of fish meal (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%), with five repetitions of each treatment, for a period of 30 days. Larvae at the 3 rd day after hatching were stocked at the density of 10 larvae.L-1 in 50L tanks with continuous water flow and constant aeration, and received five daily meals. Four biometric evaluations were performed during the experiment (at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days) to determine the wet weight, dry weight, total length, standard length and height of the animals. In addition, specific growth rate, survival rate and the relationship between wet weight and dry weight were calculated. The fish were also classified into three size categories (small “P”, medium “M” and large “G”) at the end of the experiment, according to total length. The results showed significant differences (p> 0.05) only on day 30 for total length and day 14 for height. Regarding the specific growth rate, significant differences were observed on the 14th and 30th day of the experiment. Considering the size categories, the larvae that were fed with higher inclusion levels of insect meal showed, at the end of 30 days, the lowest percentages of small juveniles and the highest percentages of large juveniles. The control diet was the o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal / El virus del Nilo Occidental fue descubierto por primera vez en una mujer en la región Oeste del Nilo en Uganda, desde entonces se ha presentado con diversos brotes en el mundo afectando a humanos, aves y equinos principalmente, provocando sintomatología nerviosa e incluso la muerte. En 1999 un brote del Virus del Nilo Occidental, en la ciudad de New York Estados Unidos de América (EUA), alertó a las autoridades, pero no pudieron detener su avance por la región, diseminándose prácticamente por la totalidad de EUA. Desde entonces, ha habido brotes de la enfermedad en Canadá, México y países de Centroamérica. En este nuevo escenario mundial de la enfermedad es importante evaluar el potencial riesgo de ingreso del virus a Chile. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue categorizar mediante un estudio de análisis de riesgo cualitativo el nivel de riesgo de introducción del Virus del Nilo Occidental al país. Para cumplir con dicho objetivo se recurrió a la información bibliográfica de fuentes documentales y electrónicas actuales. Para la información no disponible en la actualidad se recurrió a un panel de expertos utilizando la metodología Delphi, de esta forma también se pudo evaluar distintas opciones de manejo de riesgo acorde a la realidad de Chile. Se desarrolló un árbol de escenarios, pudiendo observarse en él las principales vías a través de las cuales el virus podría llegar a Chile. Como resultado de este estudio se puede concluir que existe un alto riesgo de introducción del Virus del Nilo Occidental a Chile, principalmente debida a la migración natural de aves desde zonas de riesgo, el riesgo de introducción de mosquitos infectados con el virus, y la internación ilegal de aves

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000749767.pdf: 5466815 bytes, checksum: 704a9b0728bde03901f47140694ddee1 (MD5) / Essa tese no qual esta dividida em quatro capítulos. O capitulo I apresenta uma introdução geral, onde são abordados alguns aspectos gerais da aquicultura assim como os impactos ambientais provocados pela atividade, a comunidade fitoplanctônica e o tratamento de efluente por wetlands construídas. Os capítulos subsequentes são referente ao experimento desenvolvido no Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (CAUNESP) (21º 15’22”S e 48º18’48”W), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, realizado entre os meses de março e junho de 2010. Os principais objetivos destes capítulos foram: avaliar e caracterizar a dinâmica e a estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica de viveiro de criação de tilápia-do-nilo e relaciona-las com as variáveis físicas e químicas da água como uma forma de avaliar o impacto da criação na água de abastecimento e caracterizar a eficiência de sistemas que utilizam macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes como o aguapé e emergentes como a taboa, como forma de tratamento do efluente de viveiro de criação. Os resultados do (capitulo II) permitem concluir que como resposta da constante entrada de nutrientes no centro do viveiro de piscicultura observamos um acréscimo no biovolume fitoplanctônico e que a instabilidade do sistema com consequência do método de criação, aliada ao forrageio de organismos pastadores favoreceu a presença de espécies fitoplanctônicas com pequenas dimensões celulares e adaptadas a ambientes intermediários de colonização. No (capitulo III) podemos concluir que o sistema de piscultura apresentou como característica principal a exportação de nutrientes, material particulado em suspensão e biomassa fitoplanctônica, mas não foram observadas densidades que caracterizassem florações de cianobactérias no efluente do viveiro. No (capitulo IV) concluímos que os sistemas de tratamento apresentaram comportamentos diferentes entre os tipos de sistemas... / It was organized into four chapters. The (Chapter I) provides a general introduction, which outlines some general aspects of aquaculture as well as the environmental impacts of the activity, the phytoplankton and wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands. The subsequent chapters are related to the experiment developed in Aquaculture Center of UNESP (CAUNESP) (21 º 15'22 S and 48 º 18'48 W), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, conducted between March and June 2010. The main objectives of these chapters were: evaluate and characterize the dynamics and structure of the phytoplankton community in Nile tilapia culture and relate them to the physical and chemical variables of water as a way to assess the impact of culture in the water supply and characterize the efficiency of systems using aquatic macrophytes such as the floating water hyacinth and emergent as cattail, as treatment of the effluent of fishpond. With the results (chapter II) we can conclude that in response of the constant nutrient input in the center of the fishpond an increase in phytoplankton biovolume were observed. Indeed, an instability in the system due to the method of culture, together with the grazing organisms favored the yield of phytoplankton species with reduced cell size and adapted to intemediated environments of colonization. In Chapter III we can observed that the fishpond system was characterized as a nutrient exporter, and that it was not due to algae densities, that characterize cyanobacterial blooms in the fishpond effluent. In Chapter IV we can concluded that treatment systems had different performance types depending of the systems and macrophytes used. Although soil systems filter and cattail have outcomes in a better percentage of nutrient removal, the cattail contribution was lower than the water hyacinth in the system without soil filter

En los últimos años se han desarrollados numerosas investigaciones con el fin de mejorar el cultivo del camarón gigante de Malasia, investigaciones en policultivo, siembra de juveniles graduados y la adición de substrato han dado muy buenos resultados. La mayoría de estas investigaciones han tenido como objetivos la maximización de los niveles de producción, obtener mejoras en los pesos finales e incrementar la resistencia a enfermedades. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento y la supervivencia del camarón gigante de Malasia Macrobrachium rosenbergii con 2 densidades de siembra (D1 y D2) y 2 porcentajes de incremento de substratos (S1 y S2) en policultivo con Oreochromis niloticus tilapia roja. Para alcanzar este objetivo se utilizó un diseño factorial 2 x 2, es decir, se evaluaron 4 tratamientos, 2 niveles por cada uno de los 2 factores (D1S1, D1S2, D2S1 y D2S2), cada tratamiento con tres repeticiones. Los datos de talla, peso, supervivencia y biomasa, obtenidos de las biometrías fueron analizados utilizando el software estadístico Statgrapfhic v.7,0 analizado al 95% de confianza (α es menor que 0,05). Después de 80 días de cultivo se observó que el tratamiento T3 (D2S1) obtuvo los mejores crecimientos (7,05 ± 2,13 g) y los mejores porcentajes de supervivencia (97,5%) para el camarón gigante de malasia. Los dos niveles de adición de substrato fueron igualmente efectivos para el crecimiento del camarón, se encontró una relación inversa entre el incremento de los substratos y los porcentajes de supervivencia. El crecimiento en talla de la tilapia solo fue afectado por la interacción de los factores densidad y substrato donde los tratamientos T2 (D1S2) y T3 (D2S1) presentaron crecimientos significativamente mayores; el crecimiento en peso de la tilapia solo fue afectado por el factor substrato, encontrándose una relación directa; no se encontró diferencia significativa (p es menor que 0,05) para los porcentajes de supervivencia. Se encontró una relación directa entre el incremento de la densidad y la biomasa final del camarón gigante de Malasia, siendo el nivel D2 significativamente mayor que D1. El tratamiento T3 (690,1 Kg ha-1) presentó una biomasa significativamente mayor que T2 (420,9 Kg ha-1) y T1 (387,1 Kg ha-1), T3 y T4 no fueron significativamente diferentes (p es mayor que 0.05). Para la tilapia se encontró una relación directa entre en incremento del substrato y la biomasa final, siendo el nivel S2 significativamente mayor que S1. La biomasa del tratamiento T2 (629,7 Kg ha-1) fue significativamente mayor respecto a T1 (453,4 Kg ha-1). En el análisis de producción los tratamientos T2 y T3 alcanzaron los mejores valores, el análisis de proyección mostró que el policultivo camarón tilapia, con adición de substrato, es una buena alternativa para obtener mejores rendimientos y ganancias. / In recent years, several researches have been developed with the objective of improve the culture of the fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, for instance polyculture, size grading juveniles and adding artificial substrate to the ponds have achieve results, in addition the majority of those investigations in the fresh water prawn have had different objectives, such as increasing the productions levels, increasing the harvest weight and increasing the resistance of different illnesses. This study was designed to evaluate the growth and supervivence of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii with 2 different densities (D1 y D2) and 2 percentages of added substrates (S1 y S2) in polyculture with Oreochromis niloticus “red tilapia”. In order to achieve this objective, the experiment was designed such as 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting in 4 treatment combinations with 2 levels for each of 2 factors (D1S1, D1S2, D2S1 y D2S2) and which 3 replicate for each treatment. The size, supervivence and total production obtained from biometries were analyzed using the software Statgrapfhic v.7,0 at 95 % confidence (α =0,05). After 80 days of culture, T3 (D2S1) treatment had the best weight (7,05 ± 2,13g) and percentage of supervivence (97,5%) to freshwater prawn, in addition the different levels of substrates had similar effect on the harvest weight of freshwater prawn, moreover an inverse relation was found between added substrate and percentage of supervivence. The body length of tilapia was only affected by density and substrate interaction, where T2 and T3 treatment had the best growth. The harvest weight of tilapia was only affected by the substrate and a direct relation was found between them. A significantly effect (p is less than0,05) was not found between the different percentages of supervivence. A direct relation was found between density and total production of the freshwater prawn, where D2 obtained better results than D1. T3 treatment (690,1 kg ha-1) had better yield than T2 (420,9 kg ha-1) and T1 (387,1 kg ha-1), T3 and T4 were not different. Tilapia had a direct relation between added substrate and total production, where S2 was significantly higher than S1. The production from T2 treatment (629,7 kg ha-1) was significantly higher than T1 (453,4 kg ha-1). The production analysis showed that polyculture of prawn-tilapia with added substrate, is a good alternative in order to obtain best productions and weights. / In recent years, several researches have been developed with the objective of improve the culture of the fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, for instance polyculture, size grading juveniles and adding artificial substrate to the ponds have achieve results, in addition the majority of those investigations in the fresh water prawn have had different objectives, such as increasing the productions levels, increasing the harvest weight and increasing the resistance of different illnesses. This study was designed to evaluate the growth and supervivence of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii with 2 different densities (D1 y D2) and 2 percentages of added substrates (S1 y S2) in polyculture with Oreochromis niloticus “red tilapia”. In order to achieve this objective, the experiment was designed such as 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting in 4 treatment combinations with 2 levels for each of 2 factors (D1S1, D1S2, D2S1 y D2S2) and which 3 replicate for each treatment. The size, supervivence and total production obtained from biometries were analyzed using the software Statgrapfhic v.7,0 at 95 % confidence ( =0,05). After 80 days of culture, T3 (D2S1) treatment had the best weight (7,05 ± 2,13g) and percentage of supervivence (97,5%) to freshwater prawn, in addition the different levels of substrates had similar effect on the harvest weight of freshwater prawn, moreover an inverse relation was found between added substrate and percentage of supervivence. The body length of tilapia was only affected by density and substrate interaction, where T2 and T3 treatment had the best growth. The harvest weight of tilapia was only affected by the substrate and a direct relation was found between them. A significantly effect (p<0,05) was not found between the different percentages of supervivence. A direct relation was found between density and total production of the freshwater prawn, where D2 obtained better results than D1. T3 treatment (690,1 kg ha-1) had better yield than T2 (420,9 kg ha-1) and T1 (387,1 kg ha-1), T3 and T4 were not different. Tilapia had a direct relation between added substrate and total production, where S2 was significantly higher than S1. The production from T2 treatment (629,7 kg ha-1) was significantly higher than T1 (453,4 kg ha-1). The production analysis showed that polyculture of prawn-tilapia with added substrate, is a good alternative in order to obtain best productions and weights. / Tesis

Orientador: Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo / Coorientadora: Andréa Tucci / Banca: Célia Leite Sant'Anna / Banca: Cacilda Thais Janson Mercante / Banca: Irineu Bianchini Junior / Banca: João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes / Resumo: Essa tese no qual esta dividida em quatro capítulos. O capitulo I apresenta uma introdução geral, onde são abordados alguns aspectos gerais da aquicultura assim como os impactos ambientais provocados pela atividade, a comunidade fitoplanctônica e o tratamento de efluente por wetlands construídas. Os capítulos subsequentes são referente ao experimento desenvolvido no Centro de Aquicultura da UNESP (CAUNESP) (21º 15'22"S e 48º18'48"W), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, realizado entre os meses de março e junho de 2010. Os principais objetivos destes capítulos foram: avaliar e caracterizar a dinâmica e a estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica de viveiro de criação de tilápia-do-nilo e relaciona-las com as variáveis físicas e químicas da água como uma forma de avaliar o impacto da criação na água de abastecimento e caracterizar a eficiência de sistemas que utilizam macrófitas aquáticas flutuantes como o aguapé e emergentes como a taboa, como forma de tratamento do efluente de viveiro de criação. Os resultados do (capitulo II) permitem concluir que como resposta da constante entrada de nutrientes no centro do viveiro de piscicultura observamos um acréscimo no biovolume fitoplanctônico e que a instabilidade do sistema com consequência do método de criação, aliada ao forrageio de organismos pastadores favoreceu a presença de espécies fitoplanctônicas com pequenas dimensões celulares e adaptadas a ambientes intermediários de colonização. No (capitulo III) podemos concluir que o sistema de piscultura apresentou como característica principal a exportação de nutrientes, material particulado em suspensão e biomassa fitoplanctônica, mas não foram observadas densidades que caracterizassem florações de cianobactérias no efluente do viveiro. No (capitulo IV) concluímos que os sistemas de tratamento apresentaram comportamentos diferentes entre os tipos de sistemas ... / Abstract: It was organized into four chapters. The (Chapter I) provides a general introduction, which outlines some general aspects of aquaculture as well as the environmental impacts of the activity, the phytoplankton and wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands. The subsequent chapters are related to the experiment developed in Aquaculture Center of UNESP (CAUNESP) (21 º 15'22 "S and 48 º 18'48" W), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, conducted between March and June 2010. The main objectives of these chapters were: evaluate and characterize the dynamics and structure of the phytoplankton community in Nile tilapia culture and relate them to the physical and chemical variables of water as a way to assess the impact of culture in the water supply and characterize the efficiency of systems using aquatic macrophytes such as the floating water hyacinth and emergent as cattail, as treatment of the effluent of fishpond. With the results (chapter II) we can conclude that in response of the constant nutrient input in the center of the fishpond an increase in phytoplankton biovolume were observed. Indeed, an instability in the system due to the method of culture, together with the grazing organisms favored the yield of phytoplankton species with reduced cell size and adapted to intemediated environments of colonization. In Chapter III we can observed that the fishpond system was characterized as a nutrient exporter, and that it was not due to algae densities, that characterize cyanobacterial blooms in the fishpond effluent. In Chapter IV we can concluded that treatment systems had different performance types depending of the systems and macrophytes used. Although soil systems filter and cattail have outcomes in a better percentage of nutrient removal, the cattail contribution was lower than the water hyacinth in the system without soil filter / Doutor

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität zu Köln. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 497-512).