Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

<p>Påväxt på båtar och andra föremål som sätts ner i vattnet är ett stort och kostsamt problem världen över. I Sverige orsakar havstulpanen, Balanus improvisius, den största påväxten. Havstulpanen har många förstadier innan den blir en vuxen havstulpan. I det stadiet innan den sätter sig fast på olika platser, kallas den cyprid. Det tar mellan tre dagar och upp till några veckor innan cypriden valt plats att settla på. Den väljer plats mycket noggrant då den skall tillbringa resterade delen av sitt liv på denna.</p><p>Mycket forskning läggs ner på att finna ett alternativ till dagens giftiga båtbottenfärger. Tennorganiska föreningar, som använts för att motverka settling på båtbottnar, blir totalförbjudet 1 januari, 2008. Nu mer tillsätts allt oftare kopparföreningar istället vilket inte är någon större förbättring för miljön. Det finns idag många miljövänliga färger, som t.ex. silikonbaserad färg, men de fungerar inte lika bra som färgerna med metaller. Det forskas även på om ytan på båtbotten skall kunna förändras mekaniskt, för att motverka havstulpanens settling.</p><p>De substanser som är testade i denna rapport är selenmetionin och nitroglycerin. De testades i olika koncentrationsintervaller och i olika blandningar med varandra. Med en förhoppning om att selenmetioninen binder in i föreningar och då att hastigheten för reaktioner med tioler kan minska drastiskt och leda till gifteffekter, och att nitroglycerinen skall pacificera cypriden genom att binda till hemoglobinet istället för syre, skall dessa två substanser hålla cypriderna borta från båtbottnarna. Med föraningar om att substanserna har en synergistisk effekt då de blandas, skall lägre koncentrationer kunna användas. Då för höga koncentrationer är kostsamt och har troligen större negativ påverkan på miljön.</p><p>Selenmetionin visade en antydan till att minska settling men nitroglycerinen hade en mer främjande effekt på cypridens settling. Det visade sig även att substanserna hade en synergistisk effekt och därmed kan koncentrationerna för substanserna sänkas.</p> / <p>Biological growth on boats and other objects that are placed in water is a big and expensive problem over the entire world. In Sweden, the barnacle, Balanus improvisius, grows the most easily. This barnacle has many larvae stages before it becomes mature. During the larvae stage when it searching for a surface to settle on it is called cyprid. It takes between three days and a couple of weeks before a cyprid chooses a spot to settle on. It chooses the spot to settle on very carefully because it will spend the rest of its life on that exact place.</p><p>A lot of research goes into to finding a good alternative to today’s toxic boat paints. Tin organic compounds, as used to counteract settling of cyprids on boats, will be totally forbidden in January, 2008. As a replacement, copper compounds are being added more often to paints. These are not much better for the environment. Today there are many environmentally friendly paints, as for example silicon-based paint, but they do not work as well as the paints with metals. Research is also looking at mechanically changing a boat’s surface so that barnacles cannot attach as easily.</p><p>The substances that are tested in this report are selenomethionine and nitro glycerine. They were tested in different concentration intervals and in different mixes with each other with the hope of that selenomethionine will bound into compounds and then the reaction velocity with thioles will be reduced and give toxic effects. The nitro glycerine will make the barnacle passive through the idea that the NO is binding into a heme group instead of oxygen. It was hoped that the substances show a synergistic effect when they are mixed, allowing lower concentrations to be used. With too high concentrations in the paint, the paint becomes too expensive and likely has a bigger negative influence on the environment.</p><p>Selenomethionine showed an indication to reduce the likelihood that barnacles would settle on a pained surface, but nitro glycerine, on the other hand, caused an increased rate of cyprid settling. It was also shown that the substances had a synergistic effect and thus the concentrations for the substances can be lowered.</p>

Påväxt på båtar och andra föremål som sätts ner i vattnet är ett stort och kostsamt problem världen över. I Sverige orsakar havstulpanen, Balanus improvisius, den största påväxten. Havstulpanen har många förstadier innan den blir en vuxen havstulpan. I det stadiet innan den sätter sig fast på olika platser, kallas den cyprid. Det tar mellan tre dagar och upp till några veckor innan cypriden valt plats att settla på. Den väljer plats mycket noggrant då den skall tillbringa resterade delen av sitt liv på denna. Mycket forskning läggs ner på att finna ett alternativ till dagens giftiga båtbottenfärger. Tennorganiska föreningar, som använts för att motverka settling på båtbottnar, blir totalförbjudet 1 januari, 2008. Nu mer tillsätts allt oftare kopparföreningar istället vilket inte är någon större förbättring för miljön. Det finns idag många miljövänliga färger, som t.ex. silikonbaserad färg, men de fungerar inte lika bra som färgerna med metaller. Det forskas även på om ytan på båtbotten skall kunna förändras mekaniskt, för att motverka havstulpanens settling. De substanser som är testade i denna rapport är selenmetionin och nitroglycerin. De testades i olika koncentrationsintervaller och i olika blandningar med varandra. Med en förhoppning om att selenmetioninen binder in i föreningar och då att hastigheten för reaktioner med tioler kan minska drastiskt och leda till gifteffekter, och att nitroglycerinen skall pacificera cypriden genom att binda till hemoglobinet istället för syre, skall dessa två substanser hålla cypriderna borta från båtbottnarna. Med föraningar om att substanserna har en synergistisk effekt då de blandas, skall lägre koncentrationer kunna användas. Då för höga koncentrationer är kostsamt och har troligen större negativ påverkan på miljön. Selenmetionin visade en antydan till att minska settling men nitroglycerinen hade en mer främjande effekt på cypridens settling. Det visade sig även att substanserna hade en synergistisk effekt och därmed kan koncentrationerna för substanserna sänkas. / Biological growth on boats and other objects that are placed in water is a big and expensive problem over the entire world. In Sweden, the barnacle, Balanus improvisius, grows the most easily. This barnacle has many larvae stages before it becomes mature. During the larvae stage when it searching for a surface to settle on it is called cyprid. It takes between three days and a couple of weeks before a cyprid chooses a spot to settle on. It chooses the spot to settle on very carefully because it will spend the rest of its life on that exact place. A lot of research goes into to finding a good alternative to today’s toxic boat paints. Tin organic compounds, as used to counteract settling of cyprids on boats, will be totally forbidden in January, 2008. As a replacement, copper compounds are being added more often to paints. These are not much better for the environment. Today there are many environmentally friendly paints, as for example silicon-based paint, but they do not work as well as the paints with metals. Research is also looking at mechanically changing a boat’s surface so that barnacles cannot attach as easily. The substances that are tested in this report are selenomethionine and nitro glycerine. They were tested in different concentration intervals and in different mixes with each other with the hope of that selenomethionine will bound into compounds and then the reaction velocity with thioles will be reduced and give toxic effects. The nitro glycerine will make the barnacle passive through the idea that the NO is binding into a heme group instead of oxygen. It was hoped that the substances show a synergistic effect when they are mixed, allowing lower concentrations to be used. With too high concentrations in the paint, the paint becomes too expensive and likely has a bigger negative influence on the environment. Selenomethionine showed an indication to reduce the likelihood that barnacles would settle on a pained surface, but nitro glycerine, on the other hand, caused an increased rate of cyprid settling. It was also shown that the substances had a synergistic effect and thus the concentrations for the substances can be lowered.

Access to abstract restricted until July 21, 2015. / Asscess to dissertation restricted until July 21, 2015 / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı, 2005. / Bibliyografya var.

No description available.

Organic nitrates, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), have been used clinically for more than a century. However optimal nitrate therapy is hindered by the development of tolerance, which is associated with a desensitized response to GTN, oxidative stress, and the inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). This thesis evaluated the ALDH2 inactivation hypothesis of GTN tolerance and investigated the role of oxidative stress in GTN tolerance mediated by the lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Evidence for a direct role of ALDH2 in nitrate action was sought using a stably transfected cell line that overexpressed ALDH2, or siRNA to deplete endogenous ALDH2. Neither manipulation altered GTN-induced cGMP formation, indicating that ALDH2 does not mediate GTN bioactivation and tolerance. In a second study using an in vivo GTN tolerance model and a cell culture model of nitrate action, a marked increase in HNE adduct formation was detected in GTN-tolerant tissues, and treatment with HNE reduced the cGMP and vasodilator responses to GTN, thus mimicking GTN-tolerance. Together, the results suggest a primary role for HNE in the development of GTN tolerance, and provide the framework for a unified hypothesis that accommodates the previous findings of sulfhydryl depletion, ALDH2 inactivation and oxidative stress that are associated with nitrate tolerance. Studies have implicated oxidative stress and increased HNE formation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It was hypothesized that the gene deletion of ALDH2 would result in increased HNE-adduct formation leading to impaired cognitive function, and AD-like pathological changes. We observed a marked increase in HNE-adduct formation in Aldh2-/- mouse hippocampi as well as hyperphosphorylated tau, activated caspases, age-related changes in hippocampal amyloid βeta1-42 (Aβ1-42), post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (pCREB) expression, endothelial dysfunction and other vascular pathologies. These data provide further evidence for the importance of HNE and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis, and establish Aldh2-/- mice as a new, oxidative stress-based animal model of age-related cognitive impairment and AD. / Thesis (Ph.D, Pharmacology & Toxicology) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-31 11:10:58.145

Organic nitrates, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), have been used clinically for more than a century. However optimal nitrate therapy is hindered by the development of tolerance, which is associated with a desensitized response to GTN, oxidative stress, and the inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). This thesis evaluated the ALDH2 inactivation hypothesis of GTN tolerance and investigated the role of oxidative stress in GTN tolerance mediated by the lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Evidence for a direct role of ALDH2 in nitrate action was sought using a stably transfected cell line that overexpressed ALDH2, or siRNA to deplete endogenous ALDH2. Neither manipulation altered GTN-induced cGMP formation, indicating that ALDH2 does not mediate GTN bioactivation and tolerance. In a second study using an in vivo GTN tolerance model and a cell culture model of nitrate action, a marked increase in HNE adduct formation was detected in GTN-tolerant tissues, and treatment with HNE reduced the cGMP and vasodilator responses to GTN, thus mimicking GTN-tolerance. Together, the results suggest a primary role for HNE in the development of GTN tolerance, and provide the framework for a unified hypothesis that accommodates the previous findings of sulfhydryl depletion, ALDH2 inactivation and oxidative stress that are associated with nitrate tolerance. Studies have implicated oxidative stress and increased HNE formation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It was hypothesized that the gene deletion of ALDH2 would result in increased HNE-adduct formation leading to impaired cognitive function, and AD-like pathological changes. We observed a marked increase in HNE-adduct formation in Aldh2-/- mouse hippocampi as well as hyperphosphorylated tau, activated caspases, age-related changes in hippocampal amyloid βeta1-42 (Aβ1-42), post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (pCREB) expression, endothelial dysfunction and other vascular pathologies. These data provide further evidence for the importance of HNE and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis, and establish Aldh2-/- mice as a new, oxidative stress-based animal model of age-related cognitive impairment and AD. / Thesis (Ph.D, Pharmacology & Toxicology) -- Queen's University, 2013-05-31 11:10:58.145

Η συνηθέστερη εκδήλωση τις στεφανιαίας νόσου είναι η στηθάγχη, δηλαδή ο παροξυσμικός πόνος στο στήθος λόγω ανεπαρκούς αιμάτωσης και υποξίας. Από τις πιο σύγχρονες φαρμακευτικές αντιστηθαγχικές θεραπείες είναι η συστηματική διαδερμική χορήγηση νιτρογλυκερίνης μέσω εμπλάστρων ή αλλιώς patch. Στην ελληνική αγορά κυκλοφορούν ήδη 5 διαφορετικά τέτοια έμπλαστρα, απόδειξη ότι η φαρμακευτική αγορά είναι μια από τις πιο γρήγορα αναπτυσσόμενες και ταχύρρυθμα εξελίξιμες αγορές. Οι γιατροί οι οποίοι καλούνται να συνταγογραφήσουν καθένα από αυτά τα έμπλαστρα, έχουν κάνει την επιλογή τους με βάση κάποιους παράγοντες. Αυτή η εργασία μελετά ακριβώς αυτούς τους παράγοντες κατηγοριοποιώντας τους γιατρούς ανάλογα με την ηλικία τους, το φύλο τους και τον φορέα απασχόλησής τους. Συνοψίζοντας τα αποτελέσματα της εργασίας αυτής σε έναν συγκεντρωτικό πίνακα στο τέλος, καταλήγουμε στο ότι αν και υπάρχουν κάποιες διαφορές μεταξύ των απαντήσεων των ερωτηθέντων όσον αφορά το φύλο (οι γυναίκες λαμβάνουν πιο πολύ υπόψη τους την ποιότητα ζωή των ασθενών και την ευκολία χρήσης του σκευάσματος από τους άντρες), την ηλικία (οι νεαρότεροι γιατροί λαμβάνουν υπόψη τους περισσότερο την ποιότητα ζωής των ασθενών και την άποψη των συναδέλφων τους) και τον φορέα απασχόλησης (οι νοσοκομειακοί γιατροί λόγω του ότι περνάνε πολλές ώρες με συναδέλφους τους επηρεάζονται περισσότερο από την άποψή τους), αυτές δεν αντικατοπτρίζονται στην επιλογή συνταγογραφίας τους κάποιου συγκεκριμένου διαδερμικού χορήγησης νιτρογλυκερίνης. / The most usual symptomof the cardiovascular disease is angina pectoris, meaning a severe chest pain due to lack of perfusion and hypoxia. One of the most recent pharmaceutical antianginal treatments is the systematic transdermal patchnitroglycerin patch. Currently in the Greek market, there are 5 different patches, which show that this market is one of the most fast growing and evolutionary markets. The doctors who are called to prescribe these patches have made their choice based on some factors. This paper researches these factors by categorizing the doctors based on their sex, age and their workplace. While summarizing the results of this paper in a table, we conclude that while there are some differences between the answers concerning their sex (women take under consideration more seriously the quality of life of their patients and the easiness of use of the product), their age (younger doctors take more seriously the quality of life of their patients and the opinion of their colleagues) and their workplace (hospital doctor due to the fact that they spend more time with their colleagues, they are more influenced by their opinion) these differences are not been shown in their prescription habits of some specific nitroglycerin patch.