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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Elucidation of the quinone methide tautomer of riboflavin and generation of a flavin nitroxyl radical

Frost, John Wesley January 1981 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Includes bibliographical references. / by John Wesley Frost. / Ph.D.
12

Sobre a formação do ligante nitroxila e a reação de transferência de óxido nítrico em tetraaminas de rutênio / Nitroxyl formation and nitric oxide transfer reaction in ruthenium tetraammines

Gustavo Metzker 27 August 2013 (has links)
Foram estudadas as reações de formação do NO- / HNO, estados de spin e reatividade frente a redutores dos complexos trans-[RuII(NO+)(NH3)4(L)](X)n onde L = N-heterocíclicos (IsN, Nic e ImN) ou éster de fósforo (P(OEt)3). O potencial para o par redox [RuII(NO0)]n+ / [RuII(NO-)](n-1)+ foi identificado somente para L = P(OEt)3 com valor de Ep = -0,41V. Cálculos DFT indicaram que após a redução, a espécie singleto coordenada (NO-) é formada por ser mais estável que forma tripleto (3NO-), sendo imediatamente protonada, dando origem a espécie singleto protonada (1HNO) não havendo, portanto proibição de spin para a reação de protonação do ligante, indicando comportamento diferente do observado para o ligante livre, onde a espécie 3NO- é a mais estável. Após a redução química por Zn(Hg), a espécie N2O, produto da dimerização do HNO, pôde ser identificada indicando a liberação de HNO pelo complexo trans-[RuII(NO+)(NH3)4(L)]n+. A reação de transferência de óxido nítrico entre os nitrosilo complexos onde L = IsN, Nic, ImN, P(OEt)3, P(OMe)3, P(OIsp)3 e P(OH)(OEt)2 e espécies de Fe(III) (mioglobina, hemoglobina e [FeIII(H2O)TPPS]) foi investigada, indicando a reação de nitrosilação redutiva das espécies de Fe(III), gerando como produtos os respectivos nitrosilo complexos de Fe(II) e trans-[RuIII(H2O)(NH3)4(L)]n+. A espécie binuclear [RuII(μ-NO)FeIII] foi proposta com base em resultados obtidos por polarografia de pulso diferencial (PPD) e a analise do comportamento cinético desta reação cujas constantes de velocidade específica para a formação e decaimento foram calculadas. Diferentemente das outras reações de transferência de NO descritas na literatura, foi observada a oxidação do centro metálico (RuII), indicando que o ligante NO+ pode agir como ponte para a transferência de elétrons. Esta reação pode ser uma via alternativa para a nitrosilação redutiva de heme proteínas, uma das principais vias de ação biológica do NO. / The formation reaction of NO- / HNO, spin states and reactivity towards reducing agents of the complex trans-[RuII(NO+)(NH3)4(L)]n+ where L = N-heterocyclic (IsN, Nic and ImN) or phosphorus ester (P(OEt)3). The redox potential for the redox pair [RuII(NO)]n+ / [RuII(NO-)](n-1)+ was identified only for L = P (OEt)3 with Ep = -0.41 V. DFT calculations have indicated that upon reduction, the coordinated singlet species (1NO-) is formed to be more stable than the triplet form (3NO-), being immediately protonated giving rise to singlet protonated species (1HNO). The protonation of coordinated 1NO- is not a spin forbidden reaction, indicating the different behavior observed for the free ligand, 3NO- where the species is more stable. After the chemical reduction of Zn(Hg), the s N2O, a HNO dimerization product, could be identified, indicating HNO release from the complex trans-[RuII(NO+)(NH3)4(L)]n+. The nitric oxide transfer reaction between nitrosyl complexes where L = IsN, Nic, ImN, P(OEt)3, P(OMe)3, P(OIsp)3 e P(OH)(OEt)2 and Fe(III) species (myoglobin, hemoglobin, and [FeIII(H2O)TPPS]) was investigated, indicating the reductive nitrosylation reaction of species of Fe(III) species, generating as by-products iron-nitrosyl complexes and trans-[RuIII(H2O)(NH3)4(L)]n+. The binuclear species [RuII(μ-NO)FeIII] could be identified through electrochemical techniques and their specific rate constants for its formation and decay were calculated. Unlike other NO transfer reactions described in the literature, was observed the oxidation of the metallic center (RuII), indicating that the NO+ ligand can act as a bridge for electron transfer. This reaction may be an alternative pathway for the reductive nitrosylation of heme proteins, one of the major routes for biological action of NO.
13

Sobre a redução do óxido nítrico em complexos de tetraaminas de rutênio(II) / Aspects of the reduction of nitric oxide in ruthenium tetraammine complex

Stefaneli, Eliane Vasconcelos 15 February 2008 (has links)
A redução eletroquímica de íons complexos do tipo trans-[Ru(NH3)4LNO]2+, foi investigada com o intuito de verificar a possibilidade desses complexos atuarem como doadores de nitroxil (HNO/NO-). Neste trabalho foi dada uma ênfase especial no estudo da espécie em que L = P(OEt)3. Aplicando-se as técnicas de voltametria cíclica e de pulso diferencial, voltametria de onda quadrada e espectroeletroquímica, foi possível verificar que a espécie trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]2+ sofre redução monoeletrônica gerando o íon complexo trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]+. Foram analisadas as estabilidades relativas das espécies possivelmente formadas, trans- [Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]+ e trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3HNO]2+, baseadas na Teoria de Densidade Funcional (DFT). Após a transferência eletrônica, de acordo com a equação abaixo, a espécie formada sofre isomerização de spin, ocorrendo posteriormente a dissociação do grupo NO O processo apresenta-se como irreversível no espectro voltamétrico devido às restrições de spin. A reação do íon complexo trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]3+ com o alfacetoglutarato (Ered = -0,90 V), composto capaz de agir como redutor de dois elétrons por transferência de elétrons de esfera externa, foi monitorada eletroquímica e espectrofotometricamente utilizando a metmioglobina, Mb - Fe(III), captador seletivo de nitroxil. Os resultados obtidos sugerem o complexo supracitado como um possível doador de niroxil. / The electrochemical reduction behavior of the complexes trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]2+ was investigated in order to determine the possibility of these complexes to serve as nitroxyl donors (HNO/NO-). Special emphasis was given when L = P(OEt)3. Using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse, square wave voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry techniques was possible to infer that the ion complex trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]2+ suffers an one electron reduction generating the ion complex trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]+. Analyzing the behavior of the cyclic voltammetry spectra, is possible to conclude that the process is irreversible by spin restrictions. The reaction of the ion complex trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]+ with the reductor agent alpha-ketoglutarate (Ered = -0,90V), a two electron reductor by outersphere pathway, was monitored by electrochemistry and UV-vis spectroscopy techniques using Mb-Fe(III) as a selective nitroxyl scavenger. The results obtained with these experiments confirm the original purpose of this study.
14

Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Nitrogen Oxide Releasing Prodrugs

Bharadwaj, Gaurav January 2013 (has links)
The main goals of this research were to synthesize nitrogen oxide releasing diazeniumdiolates and their prodrugs and to evaluate their pharmacological effects. The different projects and their results are described below. i. Comparison of HNO and NO donating properties of cyclic amine diazeniumdiolates Diazeniumdiolates are an attractive class of donor compounds as they can be tuned to release NO or both NO and HNO depending upon the amine backbone. Isopropylamine (IPA/NO) and cyclohexylamine (CHA/NO) diazeniumdiolates are currently the only examples of primary amine based diazeniumdiolates. A series of structurally related cyclic amine based diazeniumdiolates were synthesized and characterized. An acetoxymethyl derivative was also synthesized to facilitate cellular uptake and to achieve higher HNO levels in cells. ii. Nitrogen oxide releasing diazeiumdiolate based adducts of N-des-methyl-tamoxifen Nitrogen oxide (NO/HNO) donating diazeniumdiolate adducts of N-desmethyltamoxifen (a key metabolite of the breast cancer drug tamoxifen) were synthesized. DEA/NO-AcOM, an NO donor was also synthesized to monitor the effect of NO on breast cancer cell survival. Derivatives of N-desmethyltamoxifen were found to be effective towards estrogen receptor positive (ER+) cells only. DEA/NO-AcOM was found to be cytotoxic towards estrogen-dependent and independent cell lines, in combination with tamoxifen, or by itself. iii. Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen oxide adducts with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Our group has shown HNO releasing diazeniumdiolate derivatized aspirin to be comparably effective in preventing gastric ulceration to NO-releasing diazeniumdiolate based aspirin analogues. Series of such NSAID adducts were further extended by synthesizing such derivatives of indomethacin and niflumic acid. NO/HNO releasing analogues of aspirin and indomethacin were cytotoxic towards two different breast cancer cell lines, irrespective of estrogen dependence.iv. Chlorambucil analogue of PABA/NOChlorambucil, an alkylating agent is used in leukemia treatment. Tumor cells resistant to alkylating agents often have increased glutathione levels and increased activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). PABA/NO is an NO donor with a promising anticancer profile. The chlorambucil analogue of PABA/NO was synthesized to utilize GST for releasing NO and to potentially overcome cellular resistance.
15

Sobre a redução do óxido nítrico em complexos de tetraaminas de rutênio(II) / Aspects of the reduction of nitric oxide in ruthenium tetraammine complex

Eliane Vasconcelos Stefaneli 15 February 2008 (has links)
A redução eletroquímica de íons complexos do tipo trans-[Ru(NH3)4LNO]2+, foi investigada com o intuito de verificar a possibilidade desses complexos atuarem como doadores de nitroxil (HNO/NO-). Neste trabalho foi dada uma ênfase especial no estudo da espécie em que L = P(OEt)3. Aplicando-se as técnicas de voltametria cíclica e de pulso diferencial, voltametria de onda quadrada e espectroeletroquímica, foi possível verificar que a espécie trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]2+ sofre redução monoeletrônica gerando o íon complexo trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]+. Foram analisadas as estabilidades relativas das espécies possivelmente formadas, trans- [Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]+ e trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3HNO]2+, baseadas na Teoria de Densidade Funcional (DFT). Após a transferência eletrônica, de acordo com a equação abaixo, a espécie formada sofre isomerização de spin, ocorrendo posteriormente a dissociação do grupo NO O processo apresenta-se como irreversível no espectro voltamétrico devido às restrições de spin. A reação do íon complexo trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]3+ com o alfacetoglutarato (Ered = -0,90 V), composto capaz de agir como redutor de dois elétrons por transferência de elétrons de esfera externa, foi monitorada eletroquímica e espectrofotometricamente utilizando a metmioglobina, Mb - Fe(III), captador seletivo de nitroxil. Os resultados obtidos sugerem o complexo supracitado como um possível doador de niroxil. / The electrochemical reduction behavior of the complexes trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]2+ was investigated in order to determine the possibility of these complexes to serve as nitroxyl donors (HNO/NO-). Special emphasis was given when L = P(OEt)3. Using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse, square wave voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry techniques was possible to infer that the ion complex trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]2+ suffers an one electron reduction generating the ion complex trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]+. Analyzing the behavior of the cyclic voltammetry spectra, is possible to conclude that the process is irreversible by spin restrictions. The reaction of the ion complex trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3NO]+ with the reductor agent alpha-ketoglutarate (Ered = -0,90V), a two electron reductor by outersphere pathway, was monitored by electrochemistry and UV-vis spectroscopy techniques using Mb-Fe(III) as a selective nitroxyl scavenger. The results obtained with these experiments confirm the original purpose of this study.
16

Radikálové produkty oxidace vybraných typů fenolů a aminů / Radical products of the oxidation of selected phenols and amines

Holubcová, Petra January 2008 (has links)
In the framework of diploma thesis, radical products of the oxidation of selected para­methyl phenols and secondary amines were investigated. In the case of para-methyl phenols using EPR spectroscopy the reaction mechanism was proved, where the abstraction of hydrogen from para-methyl group is involved. In this way benzyl radicals are formed, which can be identified by spin-trapping technique using nitroso compounds. The adducts formed undergo the consecutive rearrangement, which leads to the formation of the corresponding nitrones. In addition to phenols, the radical products of the oxidation of some secondary amines using peroxy radicals and peroxy acids were studied. In both cases new types of nitroxyle radicals were generated and the EPR parameters were determined by spectral simulation.
17

Mechanistic Studies on the Reactions of Vitamin B12 Complexes with the Nitroxyl (HNO) Donors Angeli's Salt and Piloty's Acid

Subedi, Harishchandra 29 July 2014 (has links)
No description available.
18

DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOACTIVATABLE NITROXYL (HNO) DONOR MOLECULES USING PHOTOLABILE PROTECTING GROUPS

Zhou , Yang 31 July 2017 (has links)
No description available.
19

Studies toward the synthesis of photolabile HNO donors – an exploration of selectivity for HNO generation

Fejedelem, Zachary Alan 25 August 2015 (has links)
No description available.
20

Liberação de HNO e NO por nitrosilos de rutênio e sua atividade antileishmania / Dissociation of HNO and NO: leishmanicidal activity of nitrosil of ruthenium

Pereira, José Clayston Melo 05 November 2009 (has links)
Foram testados complexos de rutênio trans-[RuNO(NH3)4L](X)3 (X = BF4- ou PF6- e L = imN, 4-pic, isn, py, pz, L - hist, nic, imC, P(OEt)3, SO3-2) e [Ru(NO)Hedta)] como agentes antiproliferativos contra o parasito Leishamania major. Os complexos onde L = imN, pz, 4-pic, py, isn, e P(OEt)3 exibem IC50pro na faixa de 36 (L = imN) a 280μM (L= isn). A curva de crescimento das formas promastigotas, incubadas com os compostos mais promissores, trans-[RuNO(NH3)4L](BF4)3 (L= imN, pz, py, 4-pic), foi avaliada por meio de contagem de células viáveis e por ensaio colorimétrico (MTT). Uma relação entre os valores de k-NO e efeito antipromastigota segue a seguinte ordem: imN>4-pic>pz>py. Foi observado um aumento na inibição do crescimento das formas promastigotas incubadas com o complexo trans-[RuNO(NH3)4P(OEt)3](PF6)3 na presença de ácido ascórbico, confirmando o mecanismo de nitrosilação dos complexos utilizados. O complexo trans-[RuNO(NH3)4imN](BF4)3 e o sal de Angeli (Na2N2O3) exibiram efeitos similares frente as formas amastigotas intracelulares. O composto trans-[RuNO(NH3)4imN](BF4)3 apresentou efeito antileishmania em experimentos in vivo. A reação entre trans-[RuNO(NH3)4L](X)3 (X = BF4- or PF6- and L = imN, 4-pic, py, isn, P(OEt3)) e excesso de L-cisteína foi investigada e os seus produtos analisados. HNO e NO0 foram encontrados como produtos da redução do ligante nitrosônio. Esta reação ocorre em varias etapas com a formação dos complexos trans-[Ru(NH3)4LN(O)SR]n-1 e trans-[Ru(NH3)4LN(O)(SR)2]n-2 cujo as constantes de formação k1 (1,7×107 - 2,2×104 mol-1Ls-1) e k2 (3,3×104 - 4,9×101mol-1Ls-1) foram calculados para L = P(OEt)3, 4-pic, py e isn). Estas espécies podem sofrer reações subseqüentes com dissociação de HNO e NO. Exceto para L = P(OEt3), a reação não ocorre quando CH+>= 1×10-6 mol L-1. Em solução onde CH+ = 4×108 mol L-1, a reação ocorre principalmente segundo: trans-[RuNO(NH3)4L]+3 + 2RS- + H2O → trans-[Ru(NH3)4L(H2O)]2+ + RSSR + NO- Para L = P(OEt3), e em meio ácido, NO0 é preferencialmente o produto da redução do ligante NO+: trans-[RuNO(NH3)4P(OEt)3]+3 + RSH + H2O → trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3(H2O)]2+ + ½ RSSR + NO0 + H+ Os resultados experimentais em solução sugerem que ambas as espécies NO e HNO podem ser responsáveis pelo efeito antiparasitário dos nitrosilos de rutênio aqui estudados. A relação entre a concentração das espécies NO/HNO será determinada pelas condições de pH do meio e concentração do redutor. / Ruthenium complexes type trans-[RuNO(NH3)4L](X)3 (X = BF4- or PF6- and L = imN, 4-pic, isn, py, pz, L- hist, nic, imC, P(OEt)3, SO32-), and [RuNO(Hedta)] were tested as antiproliferative agents against the Leishmania major parasite. The complexes where L = imN, pz, 4-pic, py, isn, and P(OEt)3 exhibited IC50pro ranging from 36 for trans-[RuNO(NH3)4imN](BF4)3 to 280 μM for trans-[RuNO(NH3)4isn](BF4)3. The growth rate of the promastigote forms incubated with the most promising compounds, trans-[RuNO(NH3)4L](BF4)3 (L= imN, pz, py, 4-pic) had been evaluated trough motile cell counting and colorimetric assay (MTT). The trend between k-NO values and the antipromastigote effect follows the order: imN>4-pic>pz>py. An increase on the inhibition of the promastigote forms growth by the trans-[RuNO(NH3)4P(OEt)3](PF6)3 and trans-[RuNO(NH3)4imN](BF4)3 species was observed when the ruthenium complexes and ascorbic acid were simultaneously incubated, confirming the nitrosylation behavior of these complexes. Inhibitory effects of the trans-[RuNO(NH3)4imN](BF4)3 and of the Angeli\'s salt (Na2N2O3) were similar on the intramacrophage amastigote form grown. Encouraged by the antileishmanial effect of the complex trans-[RuNO(NH3)4imN](BF4)3 observed in vitro, in vivo experiments were carried out in infected BALB/c mice. The reaction between trans-[RuNO(NH3)4L](X)3 (X = BF4- or PF6- and L = imN, 4-pic, isn, P(OEt)3) and excess of L-cysteine was investigated and the products analysed. HNO and NO are the products of nitrosonium ligand reduction. This reaction yields the complexes trans-[Ru(NH3)4LN(O)SR]n-1 and trans-[Ru(NH3)4LN(O)(SR)2]n-2 which present k1 (1,7×107 - 2,2×104 mol-1Ls-1) and k2 (3,3×104 - 4,9×101mol-1Ls-1) for L = P(OEt)3, 4-pic, py e isn). This species react with RS- producing HNO and/or NO. Exception for L = P(OEt)3, this reaction does not occurs when CH+>= 1×10-6 mol L-1. For solution in which CH+ = 4×10-8 mol L-1, the reaction occur mainly trough: trans-[RuNO(NH3)4L]+3 + 2RS- + H2O → trans-[Ru(NH3)4L(H2O)]2+ + RSSR + NO- For L = P(OEt)3, and in acid media, NO0 is preferentially the reduction product of NO+ ligand. trans-[RuNO(NH3)4P(OEt)3]+3 + RSH + H2O → trans-[Ru(NH3)4P(OEt)3(H2O)]2+ + ½RSSR + NO0 + H+ The experimental results from solution studies suggest that both NO and HNO could be responsible for the antiparasitaric effect of these ruthenium nitrosyl. The concentration ratio of NO/HNO could be dictated by the local conditions of pH.

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