A continuación, apreciaremos en qué consiste, cómo se imparte, entre otros detalles, los servicios de Talleres y Tutorías en el área de ciencias, en especial en el curso de Nivelación de Matemática MA240, también apreciaremos un estudio de los tres últimos ciclos (2014-1 al 2015-1) del uso de estos servicios por los estudiantes y finalmente se dará algunas conclusiones y sugerencias para tener un estudio más completo.

The following dissertation partially gathers the research carried out within two projects of the DGICyT (Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica, Spanish Government Department for Scientific and Technical Research) in the National Park of Doñana. The main objectives of those projects were to establish a reference frame for positioning within the Park and to determine an accurate geoid. This would allow obtaining orthometric heights derived from GPS observations, which are very useful in those studies regarding the hydrology and geohydrology of the area. The absence of the geoid model would lead to errors when determining the orthometric heights through ellipsoidal ones, due to the great geoid undulation gradient in this zone.The National Park of Doñana is a protected area due to its great ecological value. It is located in the SW coast of Spain, between Huelva and Sevilla, and it has an extension of 500 km2 approximately. Almost half of its territory is a wetland, covered with water during the humid season. Additionaly, there are several restricted areas. These circumstances difficult the field observations. The first part of the work focuses on the analysis of geodetic and levelling networks already established in the area. It is important to know the conditions and accuracy of these networks, since they will become the base for the network instilled in the inner zone of the Park. The network was used initially when adjusting the different geoid models and later when computing a new model. The local network was linked to the Spanish national network (REGENTE) and to the highly precision levelling network (NAP). The adjustment of the gravimetric geoids IBERGEO95 and EGG97 in the zone was checked.Both were adjusted by means of GPS/levelling/gravimetric observations at some selected points, in two axis showing a N-S and E-W direction approximately, in order to control any directional variation.Checking the adjustment of IBERGEO95 and EGG97 allows to deduce that there is no guarantee of centimetre accuracy within the Park. Thus, a geometric geoid was computed by means of the remove-restore technique, using for that purpose: the global model CG01, obtained from the combined solution of earth data and data coming from space missions CHAMP and GRACE; and the digital terrain model obtained by merging the MDT25 model (from the Instituto Geográfico Nacional, National Geographic Institute of Spain) and the bathymetric data of the zone (from the Instituto Hidrográfico de la Marina, Marine Hydrogeographic Institute of Spain)The field data adquired within this work, as well as the geoid model obtained (namely Doñana 2005) will be of great help for the different studies regarding the superficial hydrology of the marshland and the tectonic and hydrogeological structure of the Park. These studies are currently being carried out and clearly show the inter-relationship among geodetic, geological and hydrogeological disciplines.

Determinar en qué grado contribuye el uso de la herramienta Excel como recurso didáctico en el rendimiento de la asignatura de matemática de alumnos adultos de primero – segundo año de enseñanza media del proyecto de regularización de estudios Chile Califica.

El estudio rediseña el sistema de transferencias intergubernamentales peruano a nivel municipalincorporando criterios de equidad horizontal y de compensación transversales en la distribuciónde recursos. Para dicho fin se empleó la metodología propuesta por Ahmad, Singh y Fortuna(2004), la cual plantea una fórmula para la nivelación de las transferencias a partir del cálculo delas capacidades tributarias y de las necesidades de gasto municipales. Los resultados del estudioson 5: (i) las municipalidades localizadas en regiones mineras reciben más recursos que los quedebieran recibir acorde a sus capacidades fiscales y sus necesidades de gasto; (ii) los recursos quelas municipalidades ubicadas en regiones mineras recibieron en exceso, ascendieron en el año2006 a S/. 1.364,3 millones (US$ 455 millones), monto que representa un exceso de 67,5%; (iii)cuando se implementa una reforma integral del sistema de transferencias intergubernamentales,la totalidad de recursos que las municipalidades de regiones mineras reciben en exceso, son absorbidaspor los municipios de regiones no mineras; (iv) la dispersión de la distribución interregionalde recursos municipales se reduce progresivamente en cada una de las tres etapas de la reformapropuesta; (v) para reformar el sistema de transferencias peruano no se requieren recursos adicionales,únicamente voluntad política. El documento concluye estableciendo cuatro lineamientospara la adopción de una reforma del sistema de transferencias intergubernamentales peruano. -- In this study the Peruvian intergovernmental transfer system was re-designed taking into considerationboth horizontal equity and transverse compensation in the distribution of resources.In doing so, the Ahmad, Singh and Fortuna (2004)’s methodology was used, the same whichproposes a formula to equalize intergovernmental transfers by calculating fiscal capacities andspending requirements at the municipal level. The results of the study are 5: (i) the municipalitieslocated at mining regions receive more resources than they should receive according to their fiscal capacities and spending needs; (ii) the municipalities located at mining regions receivedS/. 1.364,3 millions (US$ 455 millions) in excess, which represents a surplus of 67,5%; (iii)when a entire reform of the transfer system is implemented, the whole of the resources thatmunicipalities placed at mining regions receive in excess are redistributed between non-miningmunicipalities; (iv) the variance of the resources inter-regional distribution declines gradually ineach of the 3 stages of the proposed reform; (v) additional resources are not necessary to equalizethe intergovernmental transfer system, only political will is needed. At the end, the study establishes4 guidelines to implement a reform of the Peruvian intergovernmental transfer system.