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Deverbal nominals in XhosaMletshe, Loyiso Kevin 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (African Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The relationship between deverbative noun classification and their effect on the semantic
meaning of the derived deverbal nominal has been the focus of many studies in linguistics,
with special reference to African languages in recent years. The study maintains that the
descriptive analysis of deverbal nominals in African languages does not fully interrogate the
predicate argument structures of the verbs that host these deverbal nominals. This thesis is an
investigation of how the syntactic properties of verbs from which deverbal nouns are derived
are invoked in explaining the argument structure and event structure properties of deverbal
nouns, particularly in Xhosa. The analysis presented here is situated in terms of a lexical
semantic representation drawing on Pustejovsky (1996) and Busa (1996), which aims to
capture linguistically relevant components of meaning.
Chapter 1 presents the purpose and aims of the study, and states the theoretical paradigm on
which this study is couched, namely Pustejovsky’s (1996) generative lexicon theory as well as
the methodology for conducting the research.
Chapter 2 contains a literature review on deverbal nominals in African languages. This
chapter explores the general definitions of concepts, the descriptive nature of deverbal
nominals from various African languages, noun classification and the morphology of African
nouns.
Chapter 3 reports on an examination of the generative lexicon theory. This theory contains
multiple levels of representation for different types of lexical information required, namely
the argument structure, the event structure, the qualia structure and the lexical inherent
structure. For the purposes of this study, the first three levels of representation were used for
analysis.
Chapter 4 contains the systematic classification of deverbal nominals that are derived from
various semantic verb classes and are considered under their derivation from intransitive,
transitive and di-transitive verbs, respectively. The first lexical schematic representation for
each verb class gives a classification of various deverbal noun classes 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 and
14 in instances where the noun class applies. The second schematic representation details how
these various verb classes are classified/categorised in terms of their semantic type. There are various noun class nominalisations for each verb class, which serve as a representative for
each group of the various verb classes.
Chapter 5 provides a detailed analysis of various deverbal nouns derived from different verb
classes utilising the generative lexicon theory as a source of reference, particularly the first
three levels of representation. The compositionality and the semanticality of derived nominals
within the predicate argument structures are demonstrated.
Chapter 6 summarises the findings of all previous chapters in this study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verhouding tussen die klassifikasie van deverbatiewe selfstandige naamwoorde en hul
uitwerking op die semantiese betekenis van die afgeleide deverbatiewe nominaal was die
fokus van talle studies in linguistiek, met spesiale verwysing na Afrikatale in die afgelope
jare. Hierdie studie doen aan die hand dat die deskriptiewe analise van deverbatiewe nominale
in Afrikatale nie die predikaat-argumentstrukture van die werkwoorde wat hierdie
deverbatiewe nominale bevat, ondersoek nie. Die tesis behels ’n ondersoek na die manier
waarop die sintaktiese eienskappe van werkwoorde waaruit deverbatiewe selfstandige
naamwoorde afgelei word, aangewend word om die argumentstruktuur- en
gebeurestruktuureienskappe van deverbatiewe selfstandige naamwoorde, veral in Xhosa, te
verklaar. Die analise is gegrond op ’n leksikaal-semantiese ontlening aan Pustejovsky (1996)
en Busa (1996), met die doel om linguisties toepaslike betekeniskomponente vas te lê.
In hoofstuk 1 word die doel en doelstellings van die studie uiteengesit, asook die teoretiese
paradigma waarop die studie berus, naamlik Pustejovsky (1996) se generatieweleksikonteorie.
Die navorsingsmetodologie word ook in hierdie hoofstuk uiteengesit.
Hoofstuk 2 bevat ’n literatuuroorsig oor deverbatiewe nominale in Afrikatale. In hierdie
hoofstuk word ondersoek ingestel na die algemene definisies van konsepte, die beskrywende
aard van deverbatiewe nominale in verskeie Afrikatale, die klassifikasie van selfstandige
naamwoorde asook die morfologie van selfstandige naamwoorde in Afrikatale.
In hoofstuk 3 word verslag gedoen oor die ondersoek van die generatieweleksikon-teorie.
Hierdie teorie bevat veelvuldige vlakke van verteenwoordiging vir verskillende soorte
leksikale inligting wat vereis word, naamlik die argumentstruktuur, die gebeurestruktuur, die
qualiastruktuur en die leksikaal-inherente struktuur. Vir die doel van hierdie studie is op die
eerste drie vlakke van verteenwoordiging tydens die analise gefokus.
Hoofstuk 4 bevat die stelselmatige klassifikasie van deverbatiewe nominale wat uit verskeie
semantiese werkwoordklasse afkomstig is, en oorweging geniet op grond van hul afstamming
van onderskeidelik intransitiewe, transitiewe en ditransitiewe werkwoorde. Die eerste
leksikaal-skematiese verteenwoordiging vir elke werkwoordklas gee ’n klassifikasie van
verskeie klasse van deverbatiewe selfstandige naamwoorde, naamlik 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 en 14,
in gevalle waar die selfstandigenaamwoordklas van toepassing is. Die tweede skematiese verteenwoordiging sit uiteen hoe hierdie verskillende werkwoordklasse in terme van hul
semantiese soort geklassifiseer/gekategoriseer word. Daar is verskeie nominaliserings vir
selfstandigenaamwoordklasse vir elke werkwoordklas, wat as ’n verteenwoordiging vir elke
groep van die onderskeie werkwoordklasse dien.
Hoofstuk 5 bevat ’n gedetailleerde analise van verskeie deverbatiewe selfstandige
naamwoorde wat uit verskillende werkwoordklasse afgelei is met behulp van die
generatieweleksikon-teorie as ’n verwysingsbron, spesifiek die eerste drie vlakke van
verteenwoordiging. Die samestelling en semantiek van afgeleide nominale in die
predikaatargument-strukture word ten toon gestel.
Hoofstuk 6 bevat ’n opsomming van die bevindinge in die voorafgaande hoofstukke.
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Mixed categories in JapaneseHoriuchi, Hitoshi 28 August 2008 (has links)
Not available / text
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Topics in the syntax and semantics of Blackfoot quantifiers and nominalsGlougie, Jennifer R. S. 05 1900 (has links)
Dispersion of mass is a measure of the deviation of transportation of fluid in a reactor
from ideal reactor behavior (perfect mixing or plug flow) caused by the combined effects of
diffusion, convection and migration.
Axial dispersion is always undesirable because it reduces the driving force of the reaction
and therefore causes a lower level of conversion. On the other hand, transverse dispersion is
often a desirable feature since good transverse mixing will reduce the transverse concentration
and temperature gradients and hence improve the selectivity of a thermochemical reactor.
Transverse dispersion of mass is of more importance in a three-dimensional flow-by
electrochemical reactor than that in a thermochemical reactor because the potential drop is in the
transverse direction and the reaction rate and selectivity are determined by the potential as well as
concentration and temperature distributions. The transverse dispersion of mass is expected to
have a more profound effect on the performance of a 3D electrochemical reactor due to the
strong interaction among the concentration, temperature and potential distributions in the
transverse direction.
In the present work, the axial and transverse dispersion of mass were studied with a twodimensional
dispersion model in two types of rectangular packed bed: i) randomly packed glass
beads with the average bead diameter of 2 mm and a macroscopic bed porosity of 0.41; ii) a
representation of a 3D flow-by electrode - consisting of a bed of carbon felt with the carbon fibre
diameter of 20 urn and a macroscopic bed porosity of 0.95.
A tracer stimulation-response system was set up and axial and transverse dispersion of
In Blackfoot, DPs appear to take obligatory wide scope with respect to the universal quantifier
while bare nouns take obligatory narrow scope with respect to the universal quantifier. I propose that the
difference in scope-taking properties of Blackfoot nominals is a consequence of their syntactic position. I
propose that over argument DPs are adjoined to the clause whereas bare nouns are base generated in an
argument position. I suggest that the scope properties fall out from this distinction in the syntax.
The Blackfoot universal quantifier, ohkan-, is a preverb. That is, ohkan- occurs as a part of the
verb stem preceding the verb root itself. I propose that ohkan- is head of its own QP which takes the VP
as its complement. I follow Sportiche (1998) in categorizing ohkan- as a stranded quantifier since it is
base generated external to VP.
Bare nouns, since they are generated within VP, are structurally inferior to ohkan-, since they are
within its c-command domain. The adjoined DPs, however, are structurally superior to ohkan-, since they
are adjoined to the clause. I propose that the structural superiority of DPs translates to their obligatory
wide scope. Conversely, the structural inferiority of bare nouns translates to their obligatory narrow
scope.
Blackfoot is a relatively understudied Algonquian language spoken in Southern Alberta and
Northern Montana. The Blackfoot data presented in this work come primarily from my own work with
two Blackfoot speakers. Both of my language consultants hail from Southern Alberta speak and the Blood
dialect of Blackfoot.
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Vybraná dějová jména v právním textu / Selected Event nouns in a law textBORÁKOVÁ, Markéta January 2013 (has links)
The diploma thesis describes the selected event nominals in the legal texts specifically in the corpus named CORTE. The approaches of these nominals were selected in the relevant bibliography and the diploma thesis focuses especially on the themes and on the criterions which are used to define the event nominals. On the basis of these definitions the selected event nominals will be assess with regard to their action or non-action meanings, valency and colocability with verbs and also to their semantic properties. Furthermore, it is analyzed the relationship between the base and the derivation suffix on the one hand and semantic properties of the event nominals on the other. The corpus CORTE is used for the analysis, SketchEngine, web interface, and program Paraconc serve to find out the information about event nominals.
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Topics on Yorùbá nominal expressionsAjíbóyè, Ọládiípọ̀ Jacob 05 1900 (has links)
This thesis discusses four selected topics on Yoruba nominal expressions: the syntax of
possessives, the construal of bare nouns, the marking of specificity and salience, and
plural marking strategies.
Regarding possessives, it is proposed that they have one base structure (a v P
shell). The difference in surface linear order between verbal and nominal genitives is
determined by which of the two arguments move. In nominal genitives, the possessum
moves. In verbal genitives, it is the possessor that moves.
Regarding the interpretation of Yoruba bare nouns, it is shown that they can be
construed in one of three ways: as generics, as indefinites, or as definites. First, generics
may be lexically conditioned (with permanent state predicates) or grammatically
conditioned (with transitory predicates through the use of imperfective maa-n). Second,
wherever a generic construal is illicit, an indefinite construal is licit. Third, definite
construals are discourse-linked.
Regarding specificity, it is shown that Yoruba overtly marks specificity on NPs
with the element kan. Regarding salience, it is shown that definite DPs are
morphologically marked as salient (by virtue of being unique, in an identity relation or
additive) through the use of ndd.
Finally, regarding plural marking, it is shown that Yoruba uses three different
strategies: contextually, semantically, or morphologically determined plurality. It is
proposed that the deployment of the PLURAL feature is determined by feature
percolation or feature matching. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate
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Topics in the syntax and semantics of Blackfoot quantifiers and nominalsGlougie, Jennifer R. S. 05 1900 (has links)
Dispersion of mass is a measure of the deviation of transportation of fluid in a reactor
from ideal reactor behavior (perfect mixing or plug flow) caused by the combined effects of
diffusion, convection and migration.
Axial dispersion is always undesirable because it reduces the driving force of the reaction
and therefore causes a lower level of conversion. On the other hand, transverse dispersion is
often a desirable feature since good transverse mixing will reduce the transverse concentration
and temperature gradients and hence improve the selectivity of a thermochemical reactor.
Transverse dispersion of mass is of more importance in a three-dimensional flow-by
electrochemical reactor than that in a thermochemical reactor because the potential drop is in the
transverse direction and the reaction rate and selectivity are determined by the potential as well as
concentration and temperature distributions. The transverse dispersion of mass is expected to
have a more profound effect on the performance of a 3D electrochemical reactor due to the
strong interaction among the concentration, temperature and potential distributions in the
transverse direction.
In the present work, the axial and transverse dispersion of mass were studied with a twodimensional
dispersion model in two types of rectangular packed bed: i) randomly packed glass
beads with the average bead diameter of 2 mm and a macroscopic bed porosity of 0.41; ii) a
representation of a 3D flow-by electrode - consisting of a bed of carbon felt with the carbon fibre
diameter of 20 urn and a macroscopic bed porosity of 0.95.
A tracer stimulation-response system was set up and axial and transverse dispersion of
In Blackfoot, DPs appear to take obligatory wide scope with respect to the universal quantifier
while bare nouns take obligatory narrow scope with respect to the universal quantifier. I propose that the
difference in scope-taking properties of Blackfoot nominals is a consequence of their syntactic position. I
propose that over argument DPs are adjoined to the clause whereas bare nouns are base generated in an
argument position. I suggest that the scope properties fall out from this distinction in the syntax.
The Blackfoot universal quantifier, ohkan-, is a preverb. That is, ohkan- occurs as a part of the
verb stem preceding the verb root itself. I propose that ohkan- is head of its own QP which takes the VP
as its complement. I follow Sportiche (1998) in categorizing ohkan- as a stranded quantifier since it is
base generated external to VP.
Bare nouns, since they are generated within VP, are structurally inferior to ohkan-, since they are
within its c-command domain. The adjoined DPs, however, are structurally superior to ohkan-, since they
are adjoined to the clause. I propose that the structural superiority of DPs translates to their obligatory
wide scope. Conversely, the structural inferiority of bare nouns translates to their obligatory narrow
scope.
Blackfoot is a relatively understudied Algonquian language spoken in Southern Alberta and
Northern Montana. The Blackfoot data presented in this work come primarily from my own work with
two Blackfoot speakers. Both of my language consultants hail from Southern Alberta speak and the Blood
dialect of Blackfoot. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate
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Die naamwoordsisteem in Noord-SothoBasson, Ethel 27 March 2014 (has links)
M.A. (African Languages) / Please refer to full text to view abstract
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Lexical semantics and deverbal nominalisations in SesothoPhindane, Pule Alexis 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (DLitt)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation, the semantic and syntactic properties of deverbatives are
analyzed in the context of Generative Lexicon theory, which is a model of lexical
semantics.
The aim of the analysis relates to the existence of the relationship between nominals
derived directly from an event description and their inheritance of the properties of
that event. The deverbal nouns in Sesotho are analyzed semantically within specific
parameters taking into account the deverbal noun as a whole. This is done by
viewing how word meaning interact with a set of generative mechanisms to account
for the creative use of language. These mechanisms involve the levels of
representations (i.e. argument, event and qualia structures) which provides
information about the number and type of arguments; the event type of a lexical item
and how these events are tied together within different relations.
There are correlations between lexically encoded base forms and morphological
derived forms. These correlations provide a need for a representational structure to
distinguish between stage-level and individual-level nominals. Focusing on the role of
events in the semantics of nouns, it is shown that stage-level and individual-level
nouns differ in the type and the quantification of their defining event. This led to the
adoption of the view that that nominals in general should be named after the events
they each fulfil. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie proefskrif word die semantiese en sintaktiese eienskappe van
deverbatiewe in Sesotho ontleed binne die raamwerk van Generatiewe
Leksikonteorie, ‘n model van leksikale semantiek.
Die doel van die analise hou verband met die verhouding tussen nominale direk
afgelei vanaf ‘n gebeurtenis (‘event’) beskrywing en die oorerwing van die
eienskappe van daardie gebeurtenis (‘event’). Die Sesotho deverbatiewe word
semanties ontleed binne spesifieke parameters met inagneming van die semantiese
eienskappe van die deverbatief as geheel. Dit word gedoen deur ‘n ondersoek te
doen na hoe woordbetekenis in interaksie is met ‘n stel generatiewe meganismes om
‘n verklaring te bied vir die kreatiewe gebruik van taal. Hierdie meganismes betrek
die vlakke van representasie (nl. argumentstruktuur, gebeurtenis (‘event’) struktuur
en qualia-struktuur) wat inligting voorsien omtrent die getal en tipes argumente (dit is,
uitdrukkings wat tematiese rolle het), die gebeurtenis (‘event’) tipe van ‘n leksikale
item, en hoe hierdie gebeurtenisse (‘events’) saamhang binne verskillende verbande.
Daar is korrelasies tussen leksikaal ge-enkodeerde basisvorme en morfologiesafgeleide
vorms. Hierdie ko-relasies bied ‘n behoefte vir ‘n verteenwoordigende
struktuur om te onderskei tussen fase-vlak (‘stage-level’) en individuele-vlak
nominale. Daar word aangetoon, met fokus op die gebeurtenisse (‘events’) in die
semantiek van naamwoorde, dat fase-vlak en individuele-vlak verskil in die tipe en
die kwantifisering van hulle definieerbare gebeurtenis. Dit lei tot die aanvaarding van
die siening dat nominale in die algemeen benoem moet word na die gebeurtenisse
waaraan elk voldoen.
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Descriptive nominal modifiers in SetswanaTheledi, Kgomotso Mothokhumo Ambitious 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT:
The study focused on three descriptive nominal modifiers which specify the attributes of
nouns, i.e. the morphological adjective, the relative clause and the descriptive possessive.
The morphological adjective appears in an adjectival phrase, which has to consist of a
determiner and an adjective. The adjective must have agreement with the head noun in
an NP. The adjective root may appear with nominal suffixes such as -ana and -gadi, it can
be reduplicated, it may be transposed to other categories and it may even be
compounded. The AP may also occur in predicative position as well as in comparative
clauses.
The relative clause may have the same semantic properties as the adjective. The relative
clause in Setswana consists of a determiner in the position of the complementizer followed
by an lP. Such an lP may have a copulative or non-copulative verb. Attention in this study
has focused on the nominal relative, which appears as a complement of a copulative verb.
These nominal relative stems have been divided into two sections, i.e. a section in which
the nominal relative stems may not appear in a descriptive possessive construction and a
second section where these stems may also appear as a complement of the possessive
[a]. The semantic features of these nominal relative stems have been isolated and it is
clear that they show a wide variety of semantic features. This type of relative clause
represents the most prolific category, which specifies the attributes of nouns.
The third category, which displays the semantic feature of an attribute of a noun, is the
descriptive possessive construction. The syntactic and semantic structure of this type of
phrase has been investigated. A wide variety of complements of the possessive [a] have
been isolated in Setswana and some semantic features have received specific attention,
i.e. group nouns and partitives. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:
Die studie fokus op drie deskriptiewe nominale bepalers wat die attribute van naamwoorde
spesifiseer nl. die morfologiese adjektief, die relatief en die deskriptiewe possessief.
Die morfologiese adjektief kom voor in 'n adjektieffrase wat bestaan uit 'n bepaler en 'n
adjektief. Die adjektief moet klasooreenstemming hê met die kernnaamwoord in 'n
naamwoordfrase. Die adjektiefstam kan voorkom met nominale suffikse soos ana en gadi,
dit kan geredupliseer word, oorgeplaas word na ander kategorieë en selfs samestellings
vorm. Die adjektieffrase kan ook voorkom in 'n predikatiewe posisie sowel as in
vergelykings.
Die relatief kan dieselfde semantiese eienskappe hê as die adjektief. Die relatief in
Setswana bestaan uit 'n bepaler in die posisie van die komplementeerder gevolg deur 'n
infleksiefrase. So 'n infleksiefrase kan 'n kopulatiewe of nie-kopulatiewe werkwoord bevat.
Die aandag in hierdie studie het gekonsentreer op die nominale relatief wat voorkom as 'n
komplement van 'n kopulatiewe werkwoord. Hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is verdeel
in twee afdelings nl. 'n afdeling waarin die nominale relatiewe stamme nie kan voorkom in
'n deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie en 'n tweede afdeling waar hierdie stamme ook
kan voorkom as 'n komplement van die possessiewe [a]. Die semantiese kenmerke van
hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is geïsoleer en dit is duidelik dat hulle 'n wye
verskeidenheid van semantiese kenmerke het. Hierdie tipe relatief verteenwoordig In baie
wye keuse t.o.v. die attribute van naamwoorde.
Die derde kategorie wat die semantiese kenmerk van 'n attribuut van 'n naamwoord
vertoon, is die deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie. Die sintaktiese en semantiese
struktuur van hierdie tipe frase is nagegaan. 'n Groot verskeidenheid komplemente van die
possessiewe [a] is geïsoleer in Setswana en sommige semantiese kenmerke het
spesifieke aandag gekry nl. groepnaamwoorde en partitiiewe.
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L’onomastique comorienne: etude linguistiqueYahaya, Moinaecha Cheikh 03 December 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Dans cette etude nous nous sommes fixé commee objectif principal la recherche des morphèmes nominaux altérés dans la langue courante et qui se manifestent au niveau des noms propres surtout au niveau des composés. Ces éléments nous permettront de mieux comprendre le système morphologique du comorien et compléter une etude en cours sur la morphologie des nominaux. L’étude morphologique du nom propre sera complétée par une étude syntaxique des différents éléments qui le composent. Les indications socio-culturelles et socio-linguistiques étant très significatives, nous introduirons une approche thématique qui nous éclairera un peu sur ce sujet.
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