Dans cette etude nous nous sommes fixé commee objectif principal la recherche des morphèmes nominaux altérés dans la langue courante et qui se manifestent au niveau des noms propres surtout au niveau des composés. Ces éléments nous permettront de mieux comprendre le système morphologique du comorien et compléter une etude en cours sur la morphologie des nominaux. L’étude morphologique du nom propre sera complétée par une étude syntaxique des différents éléments qui le composent. Les indications socio-culturelles et socio-linguistiques étant très significatives, nous introduirons une approche thématique qui nous éclairera un peu sur ce sujet.

In der Ausbildung angehender Lehrkräfte kann fragmentiertes Wissen zu Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit komplexen Problemsituationen im Unterricht führen. Fähigkeiten im Bereich des vernetzten Denkens, speziell verschiedene Bereiche des Lehrerprofessionswissens miteinander vernetzen zu können, können in komplexen problematischen Unterrichtssituationen hilfreich sein. Um die Fähigkeiten des vernetzten Denkens der Studierenden zu fördern, wird in dieser Studie die Fallmethode im Master of Education der Biologie eingesetzt und in Bezug auf die Förderung der Vernetzungsfähigkeit von Studierenden überprüft. Die Theoriegrundlage der Studie bilden biologiespezifische Kategorien des fachdidaktischen Lehrerprofessionswissens und ein Modell des vernetzten Denkens. In Verbindung mit dem Einsatz von Fällen sollen Fähigkeiten zur theoriebasierten Analyse problematischer Unterrichtssituationen und zur Bildung von Handlungsalternativen, in denen verschiedene Aspekte biologiespezifischen Lehrerprofessionswissens miteinander verknüpft sind, gefördert werden. Die eingesetzten Fälle werden in dieser Studie als theoriebasierte und gleichzeitig praxisnahe Darstellungen komplexer problematischer Unterrichtssituationen verstanden. Die Effektivität der Intervention wird durch eine Interviewstudie sowie durch ein Zwei-Gruppen-Prä-Post-Test, in dem die Studierenden Fälle bearbeiteten, überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei beiden Studierendengruppen bereits grundlegende Fähigkeiten im Bereich der theoriebasierten Unterrichtsanalyse vorliegen. Studierende der Interventionsgruppe zeigen zudem eine deutliche Zunahme der Fähigkeiten, Handlungsalternativen für Unterrichtsituationen zu entwickeln, in denen verschiedene fachdidaktische Bereiche miteinander vernetzt sind. Weiterhin konnten vier Fallbearbeitungstypen identifiziert werden. Die Anzahl der Studierenden, die die Kriterien des besonders leistungsstarken Fallbearbeitungstyps erfüllen, nahm bei der Interventionsgruppe deutlich zu. / Teacher education students fragmented knowledge can create difficulties to cope with complex and problematic teaching incidents. The ability to draw on cross-linked thinking, particularly with regard to connect certain aspects of professional teacher knowledge, is helpful in their approach to complex and problematic teaching incidents. To foster the students’ cross-linked thinking ability, the case method of teaching was implemented and evaluated in a module of the masters course in biology teacher education. The theoretical background of the study is based on biology specific pck categories and a model of cross-linked thinking. The central aim of the study is to develop students’ capability in analysing teaching incidents and their capability in creating different action possibilities to deal with teaching incidents, and to identify which different aspects of pck are connected to one another. The multiple intervention study implements a variety of learning cases in a module of the master course in biology teacher education. In this study a case is understood to be based in theory and has to be as close to the practical teaching situation as possible. The effect of the intervention was evaluated by using guided interviews and utilising a two group pre- and post-test design, in which the students analysed test cases. The results show that masters students of the intervention and control group have basic skills in case analysis. Students, particularly in the intervention group, showed an increase in the number of possible ways to deal with case studies of difficult teaching incidents, in which different areas of pck could be cross-linked. Based on students’ test case analyses, four different case-processing types were identified. Furthermore the number of students, whose case analysis ability fell into the strong performance case-processing type, had particularly increased in the intervention group.

Background Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a rare and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Since clinicians may see only very few cases during their professional career, it is important to be familiar with the clinical presentation and progression, to perform appropriate investigations, and allow for quick diagnosis. Case presentation A 73-year-old British Caucasian woman presented with acute confusion of 2 weeks’ duration on a background of low mood following a recent bereavement. Her symptoms included behavioral change, visual hallucinations, vertigo, and recent falls. She was mildly confused, with left-sided hyperreflexia, a wide-based gait, and intention tremor in her left upper limb. Initial blood tests, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of her brain showed no significant abnormality. Following admission, she had rapid cognitive decline and developed florid and progressive neurological signs; a diagnosis of prion disease was suspected. A lumbar puncture was performed; cerebrospinal fluid was positive for 14–3-3 protein, real-time quaking-induced conversion, and raised levels of s-100b proteins were detected. An electroencephalogram showed bilateral periodic triphasic waves on a slow background. The diagnosis of probable Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease was made. Conclusions This case report highlights key features in the initial presentation and clinical development of a rare but invariably rapidly progressive and fatal disease. It emphasizes the importance of considering a unifying diagnosis for multifaceted clinical presentations. Although it is very rare, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease should be considered a diagnosis for a mixed neuropsychiatric presentation, particularly with rapid progressive cognitive decline and development of neurological signs. However, to avoid overlooking early signal change on magnetic resonance imaging, it is important to take diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for all patients with neuropsychological symptoms. Importantly, early diagnosis also ensures the arrangement of suitable contamination control measures to minimize the risk of infection to health care professionals and other patients.

Dans cette etude nous nous sommes fixé commee objectif principal la recherche des morphèmes nominaux altérés dans la langue courante et qui se manifestent au niveau des noms propres surtout au niveau des composés. Ces éléments nous permettront de mieux comprendre le système morphologique du comorien et compléter une etude en cours sur la morphologie des nominaux. L’étude morphologique du nom propre sera complétée par une étude syntaxique des différents éléments qui le composent. Les indications socio-culturelles et socio-linguistiques étant très significatives, nous introduirons une approche thématique qui nous éclairera un peu sur ce sujet.

Background Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a rare and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Since clinicians may see only very few cases during their professional career, it is important to be familiar with the clinical presentation and progression, to perform appropriate investigations, and allow for quick diagnosis. Case presentation A 73-year-old British Caucasian woman presented with acute confusion of 2 weeks’ duration on a background of low mood following a recent bereavement. Her symptoms included behavioral change, visual hallucinations, vertigo, and recent falls. She was mildly confused, with left-sided hyperreflexia, a wide-based gait, and intention tremor in her left upper limb. Initial blood tests, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of her brain showed no significant abnormality. Following admission, she had rapid cognitive decline and developed florid and progressive neurological signs; a diagnosis of prion disease was suspected. A lumbar puncture was performed; cerebrospinal fluid was positive for 14–3-3 protein, real-time quaking-induced conversion, and raised levels of s-100b proteins were detected. An electroencephalogram showed bilateral periodic triphasic waves on a slow background. The diagnosis of probable Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease was made. Conclusions This case report highlights key features in the initial presentation and clinical development of a rare but invariably rapidly progressive and fatal disease. It emphasizes the importance of considering a unifying diagnosis for multifaceted clinical presentations. Although it is very rare, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease should be considered a diagnosis for a mixed neuropsychiatric presentation, particularly with rapid progressive cognitive decline and development of neurological signs. However, to avoid overlooking early signal change on magnetic resonance imaging, it is important to take diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for all patients with neuropsychological symptoms. Importantly, early diagnosis also ensures the arrangement of suitable contamination control measures to minimize the risk of infection to health care professionals and other patients.