Yim-Binh, Sze. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-235). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement / Abstract / Table of Contents / List of Tables / Chapter Chapter 1 --- : Introduction Page / Chapter (1.1) --- Research questions --- p.1 / Chapter (1.1.1) --- Space and spoken languages --- p.1 / Chapter (1.1.2) --- Space and sign languages --- p.4 / Chapter (1.1.3) --- Nominals in Hong Kong Sign Language --- p.8 / Chapter (1.1.4) --- Research focus: interaction of space and nominals --- p.11 / Chapter (1.2) --- Thesis outline --- p.12 / Chapter (1.3) --- A brief note on the transcription convention --- p.13 / Chapter (1.4) --- Sociolinguistic background of Hong Kong Sign Language --- p.15 / Chapter (1.5) --- Documentation of Hong Kong Sign Language and Chinese Sign Language --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Space and Grammatical Relations / Chapter (2.0) --- Introduction --- p.21 / Chapter (2.1) --- On the grammatical relations 'subject' and 'object' --- p.21 / Chapter (2.2) --- Literature review --- p.28 / Chapter (2.2.1) --- Grammatical relations in American Sign Language (ASL) --- p.28 / Chapter (2.2.2) --- Grammatical relations in Chinese Sign Language (CSL) --- p.35 / Chapter (2.3) --- Experiment 1: Picture description and selection task --- p.36 / Chapter (2.4) --- Results: --- p.39 / Chapter (2.4.1) --- Non-reversible sentences --- p.39 / Chapter (2.4.2) --- Reversible sentences --- p.52 / Chapter (2.4.2.1) --- Linear representation: S V O --- p.52 / Chapter (2.4.2.2) --- "Spatial representation: the use of loci, inflecting verbs and classifiers" --- p.54 / Chapter (2.4.2.3) --- Reversible and non-reversible data: a further discussion --- p.64 / Chapter (2.4.3) --- An extension to dative constructions --- p.71 / Chapter (2.5) --- Chapter summary --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Space and NP Referential Properties / Chapter (3.0) --- Introduction --- p.78 / Chapter (3.1) --- On the various referential properties --- p.78 / Chapter (3.2) --- Realization of referential properties in spoken and sign languages --- p.79 / Chapter (3.3) --- Specific NPs: indefinites and definites --- p.89 / Chapter (3.3.1) --- Experiment 2: picture story description and picture reordering --- p.89 / Chapter (3.3.2) --- NPs in subject positions --- p.90 / Chapter (3.3.2.1) --- Specific indefinites --- p.91 / Chapter (3.3.2.2) --- Specific definites --- p.96 / Chapter (3.3.3) --- NPs in object positions: specific indefinites and definites --- p.106 / Chapter (3.4) --- Non-specific indefinites and generics --- p.118 / Chapter (3.5) --- Chapter summary --- p.121 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Space and Referential Loci --- p.123 / Chapter (4.0) --- Introduction --- p.123 / Chapter (4.1) --- Literature review --- p.1 24 / Chapter (4.1.1) --- Frame of reference in sign languages --- p.1 24 / Chapter (4.1.2) --- Nature of space and loci --- p.129 / Chapter (4.1.3) --- Shift of loci/ frame of reference --- p.133 / Chapter (4.2) --- Observation of Hong Kong Sign Language --- p.138 / Chapter (4.2.1) --- Localization of referents in narrative discourse --- p.138 / Chapter (4.2.2) --- Shift of loci / frame of reference in HKSL --- p.150 / Chapter (4.2.2.1) --- Role-play/ locus shift in HKSL --- p.150 / Chapter (4.2.2.2) --- Three more types of locus shift --- p.153 / Chapter (a) --- Loci contrast exaggeration --- p.153 / Chapter (b) --- Shifted focalization --- p.157 / Chapter (c) --- Token-surrogate alternation --- p.162 / Chapter (4.3) --- Chapter summary --- p.170 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Suggestions for Future Research --- p.171 / Appendix 1: Notation conventions --- p.176 / Appendix 2: Picture stimuli for experiment1 --- p.179 / "Appendix 3: Topic, Comment and Topicalization in HKSL" --- p.181 / Appendix 4: Picture stimuli for experiment2 --- p.190 / Appendix 5: Illustrations --- p.203 / References --- p.225

陳遠秀. / "2013年9月". / "2013 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-94). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Chen Yuanxiu.

Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland Galves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T22:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_NormaLuciaFernandesde_D.pdf: 6510856 bytes, checksum: a46eb2168392d42baaaf6b9d7d9c8ef0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho é uma descrição do sujeito nulo numa variedade de língua pouco estudada, o português popular falado em comunidades rurais baianas. O objetivo geral é verificar se ainda há categorias vazias na posição de sujeito nessa variedade de língua, tendo os seguintes objetivos específicos: a) descrever sócio-historicamente as comunidades; b) identificar os contextos de maior manutenção do sujeito nulo; c) observar se há, no PB, no que se refere a esse fenômeno, uma ou mais gramáticas em atuação, através da comparação de grupos etários e de resultados encontrados em estudos com dialetos urbanos; d) verificar se há evidência do encaixamento de uma possível mudança no sistema, representada pelo uso de duplos sujeitos / Abstract: This work is a deseription of the null subjeet on a little studied language variety, the ordinary Portuguese spoken in bahian rural communities. The general goal is to cheek if there are still empty categories as subject on this language variety, by having the following specifie goals: a) deseribe the communities socially and historieally; b) identify the contexts of greater maintenance of the null subject; e) observe if there is, in BP (Brazilian Portuguese), about this phenomenon, one or more grammars in action, through the comparison of age groups and results found in studies with urban dialects; d) cheek if there is evidence of the insertion of a possible change in the system, represented by the use of double subjects / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

Orientador: Juanito Ornelas de Avelar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T21:58:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_MarcosEroni_M.pdf: 658766 bytes, checksum: 0d51879d2d0dee80f48bf84667a72f87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Seguindo a versão minimalista da Teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros (Chomsky, 1995 e obras posteriores), esta dissertação tem como objetivo propor um quadro formal para capturar propriedades sintáticas e semânticas demonstradas por sintagmas preposicionados locativos (PPLocs do tipo (lá) em cima de, (aqui) debaixo de, (ali) em frente a, (aí) por trás de, (lá) por dentro de, (aqui) para fora de etc.) em sua relação com constituintes nominais no português brasileiro. Assumindo uma configuração clausal para os PP-Locs (Koopman, 1997; Dikken, 2003; Avelar, 2006; Svenonius, 2007), o estudo aborda casos em que o sintagma locativo funciona ou como um modificador restritivo do nome (quando é tradicionalmente classificado como adjunto adnominal), ou como um elemento que estabelece com a categoria nominal uma predicação secundária (quando assume uma função predicativa). A análise explora a ideia de que, para ter uma função restritiva e funcionar como um adjunto adnominal, o PP-Loc precisa ser complemento de uma categoria que codifique informações sobre referencialidade, de modo a atender requerimentos da interface semântica. A abordagem explora algumas consequências do modelo proposto por Kayne (1994), especificamente no que diz respeito ao estatuto das relações especificador-núcleo, assim como a proposta de Starke (1995), segundo a qual as relações de predicação que caracterizam small clauses envolvem uma projeção LexP. Adotando uma estrutura expandida para os sintagmas nominais de acordo com Vangsnes (2001), o estudo conclui que para um PP-Loc ser [+restritivo] precisa ser obrigatoriamente tomado como um complemento de D(eterminante) na computação sintática, portando consigo um traço de dêixis / Abstract: Following the minimalist version of the Principles and Parameters Theory (Chomsky, 1995 and following works), this thesis aims at proposing a formal framework to capture syntactic and semantic properties displayed by prepositional locative phrases (PP-Locs as (lá) em cima de, (aqui) debaixo de, (ali) em frente a, (aí) por trás de, (lá) por dentro de, (aqui) para fora de etc.) in their interaction with nominal constituents in Brazilian Portuguese. Assuming a clausal configuration for PP-Locs (Koopman, 1997; Dikken, 2003; Avelar, 2006; Svenonius, 2007), the study addresses cases in which the locative phrase works either as a restrictive modifier of the name (when it is traditionally classified as an adnominal adjunct), or as an element that provides a secondary predication together with the nominal category (when it assumes a predicative function). The analysis explores the idea that in order to have a restrictive function and to operate as an adnominal adjunct, PP-Loc needs to be a complement of a category that encodes information about referentiality so as to meet the requirements of the semantic interface. The approach explores some consequences of Kayne's (1994) especifically with respect to the status of Spec-head relations; and also Starke's (1995) proposal, according to which predication relations that characterize small clauses involve a LexP projection. Adopting na expanded structure for nominal phrases following Vangsnes (2001), the study concludes that in order to a PP-Loc to be [+restrictive] it must necessarily be taken as a complement of D(eterminant) in the syntactic computation, carrying with it a deixis feature / Mestrado / Gramatica / Mestre em Linguística

Dans cette etude nous nous sommes fixé commee objectif principal la recherche des morphèmes nominaux altérés dans la langue courante et qui se manifestent au niveau des noms propres surtout au niveau des composés. Ces éléments nous permettront de mieux comprendre le système morphologique du comorien et compléter une etude en cours sur la morphologie des nominaux. L’étude morphologique du nom propre sera complétée par une étude syntaxique des différents éléments qui le composent. Les indications socio-culturelles et socio-linguistiques étant très significatives, nous introduirons une approche thématique qui nous éclairera un peu sur ce sujet.

This thesis documents the grammatical processes and semantic impact of innovative ways to pejoratively reference individuals through adjectival nominalization. Research on nominalized adjectives suggests that when meanings shift from having one property (1) to becoming a kind with associated properties (2), the noun form often encodes stereotypical attributes: [1] "Her hair is blonde." (hair color); [2] "He married a blonde." (female, sexy, dumb). Likewise, the linguistic phenomenon of genericity refers to classes or kinds and different grammatical structures reflect properties in different ways. In 1 and 2 above, the shift from adjectival blonde to indefinite NP a blonde moves the focus from the definitional characteristic to the prototypical. Similarly, adjectival gay [3] is definitional, but the marked, nominal form [4] adds socially-based conceptions of the "average" gay (example from Twitter): [3] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay man? (sexuality) [constructed]; [4] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay? … (flamboyant, abnormal). To investigate innovative reference via nominalization, two corpus studies based in human judgment were conducted. In the first study, a subset of the corpus (N=121) was annotated for pejoration by five additional linguists following the same guidelines as the original annotator. In the second study, 800 instances were annotated by non-experts using crowd-sourcing. In both studies we find a correspondence between nominal status and pejorative meaning.

Thesis (M.A. (Translation Studies and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The prime goal of this study is to explore, form and analyse the semantic content of compound words in Sepedi. The study used the qualitative method. Data were collected using participant observations from various written sources and it was analysed through Content Analysis. The Theory of Construction Morphology was tested on endocentric, exocentric, and copulative compound words to locate the headedness of Sepedi compound words. The study revealed that the head of compound words can be located on the nominal prefix, left-hand side, right-hand side, on both nominal prefixes and it can be determined outside of the compound word for metaphoric exocentric nominal compounds. Furthermore, because of the role noun class prefixes play on determining the head of compound words, the study found that Sepedi compound words are nominals. The formation of Sepedi compound words involves the combination of different word aspects such as objects concords, deverbatives, verbal roots, stems, suffixal endings, and lexical categories such as nouns, Adjectives, and verbs. The resultant compound word of these combinations always results in a compound noun. It was recommended that future researchers should investigate the semantic content of exocentric compound words in African languages, especially the Sepedi language. The study further highlighted that there is still a need for a study that looks at the influences of nominal prefixes on the headedness of compound words in Sepedi. Furthermore, the study recommended that to alleviate the gap of shortage of literature in Sepedi, future studies should focus on word formation processes in Sepedi. / Feenix Crowdfunding and C Track Fleet Management Solutions Pty Ltd

Cette étude s'inscrit dans le champ de la sémantique lexicale et explore plus particulièrement la question de la polysémie dans le domaine nominal. Dans une première étape, on explicite les enjeux théoriques d'une telle recherche. Cela conduit à accorder une place centrale au concept d'invariant sémantique pour rendre compte de l'identité sémantique d'un nom (en langue) par-delà sa variation de sens (en contexte). Dans une deuxième étape, on circonscrit l'objet empirique – les noms de parties du corps humain en français contemporain – tout en justifiant ce terrain d'étude. Puis, on précise l'approche méthodologique. La suite de la thèse est consacrée à l'investigation empirique proprement dite. Il s'agit d'abord d'offrir une description générale du potentiel de variation sémantique des noms de parties du corps humain en français. Ensuite, c'est une analyse sémantique approfondie du nom cœur qui est proposée. D'une part, on formule un invariant sémantique susceptible de subsumer tous ses emplois (au cœur du sujet, Paul a mal au cœur, avoir à cœur de réussir...). D'autre part, on montre en quoi la diversité de ses emplois présente un caractère finalement régulier. Enfin, quatre autres noms (artère, épaule, bouche et pied) font également l'objet d'une analyse spécifique. Chacune de ces quatre études est l'occasion d'éprouver la pertinence du concept d'invariant sémantique pour rendre compte de la polysémie dans le domaine nominal. / This study comes within the scope of lexical semantics. More specifically, it deals with the topic of polysemy in the nominals. As a first step, theoretical issues of such a research are clarified. It leads to focus on the concept of semantic invariant to give an insight into the semantic identity of a given noun regardless of its contextual variations. As a second step, the empirical object of this research – human body part nouns in contemporary French – is delimited. This gives an opportunity to justify the choice of these nouns as a field of research and to set out the methodological approach. The rest of the dissertation consists in the empirical investigation itself. First of all, an overall description of the semantic variation of the French human body part nouns is provided. Then, a semantic analysis of the noun cœur (“heart”) is developed: on one hand, a semantic invariant – suiting all cœur's contextual variations (au cœur du sujet, Paul a mal au cœur, avoir à cœur de réussir…) – is formulated; on the other hand, it is shown how this variation is deeply regular. Eventually, four more nouns (artère “artery”, épaule “shoulder”, bouche “mouth” and pied “foot”) are studied from a semantic point of view. Each of these four studies offers a new opportunity to test the relevance of the semantic invariant concept in order to give an account of the polysemy in the nominals.