L'objet de la recherche concerne l'Innovation Participative, nouveau dispositif de gestion qu'on peut qualifier de routine au sens de Feldman et Pentland (2003). La littérature distingue les aspects «ostensifs» et « performatifs» des routines. Pour comprendre la signification d'une telle routine, sa portée, son fonctionnement effectif, Feldman et Pentland (2003) et Feldman (2000) distinguent la routine dans son aspect «ostensif» en tant que norme correspondant à la représentation de ce qu'est la routine (par exemple une routine de l'embauche) de son aspect « performatif », à savoir la manière dont elle est mise en œuvre. Nous nous inspirons du cadre méthodologique préconisé par Sarley et Tolbert (1997) qui repose notamment sur la notion de scripts. Ce travail doctoral s'intéresse d'un point de vue théorique à la possible transformation d'une routine organisationnelle et s'inscrit dans des travaux récents (Feldman, 2000 ; Feldman et Pentland, 2003). Nous formulons notre question de recherche de la façon suivante : En quoi et comment une routine organisationnelle peut-elle se transformer et accompagner l'évolution du pilotage d'une organisation? Le cas de l'Innovation Participative à la SNCF. Les questions qui étayent notre recherche et nous permettent de traiter notre problématique sont les suivantes : - Quelle est la réalité de la routine Innovation Participative en termes d'innovations produites? - Quelle est l'évolution de la routine d'Innovation Participative et comment peut-on l'interpréter? Le cas de la transformation des entreprises comme la SNCF est en effet particulièrement intéressant dans le contexte actuel d'ouverture à la concurrence. Après avoir décrit l'Innovation Participative sur un plan «ostensif» et identifié des routines élémentaires correspondant à l'Innovation Participative, nous expliquons comment cette routine s'est transformée au cours de son histoire. Pour cela, nous nous intéressons, une fois les scripts de l'Innovation Participative mis en évidence, à l'analyse des aspects «ostensifs» de cette routine qui permettent d'expliquer sa transformation au cours du temps. / The aim of this research deals with Participative Innovation, a new way of managing which can be termed a routine as Pent.land and Feldman (2003) understand il (2003). The literature considers the ostensive and performative aspects of'the routmes. We wlll rely on. the methodology recommended by Barley and Tolbert (1997). From a theorical wiewpomt this doctoral study is concerned with the possible transformation of an organisational routine, and Il IS re!ate~ to recent .works (Feldman, 2000 ; Feldman and Pentland, 2003).This is how we word our research : How can an organisatlonal routine be transformed and support the evolution of piloting an organisation? The example of Participative Innovation with SNCF. The question of the transformation of firms such as SNCF is particularly interesting in the present context of opening to competltion. After describing Part!cipative Innovation from an ostensive point of view and identifying basic routines corresponding to Participative Innovation, we wIll explam how thls routme evolved along its history. Wilh this in view, once the scripts of PartIcIpatIve Innovation are made clear, we will get interested in the analysis of the ostensive aspects of this routine that enable us to explam Its transformatlon in the course of time.

The purposes of this study are 1) to investigate the development of physical fitness through the medium of fifteen-minute exercise routines in junior college physical education classes; 2) to determine the relationship between each of four exercise routines and the improvement of physical development in a specific body area; and 3) to compare the results of intensive, isometric, calisthenic, and continuous exercise routines to determine if any one routine was of greater value to three alternate routines in assisting the individual to attain a higher degree of physical fitness development.

Crime is a problem that many Americans would undoubtedly want to curtail. Routine activities theory provides a rather straightforward way of conceptualizing and then predicting criminal activity at the macro and micro levels. Cohen and Felson (1979), the original authors of routine activities theory, suggested that crime occurs during the simultaneous convergence of a motivated offender, suitable target, and a lack of capable guardians. Thus, as the authors alluded to, all three of the components are required in order for a criminal act to take place. Therefore, it is easy to see that citizens can take proactive steps to decrease their likelihood for criminal victimization. Several scholars have tested RA theory and have found support in urban and large national samples (e.g., Spano & Freilich, 2009). However, scholars have failed to provide insight into the adult rural population throughout the United States (in relation to RA theory). Therefore, the current study utilized a 2009 telephone survey of rural adults in order to test RA theory's applicability when attempting to explain burglary victimization in a rural environment. It is shown that motivation (percent in poverty) is the only component of the three to yield support for RA theory in the current study. Implications of the findings for theory, research, and policy are discussed.

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Most gatekeeping studies involve evaluating journalists and editors with years of media writing experience to determine how they are influenced by gatekeeping forces. While many universities publish a campus newspaper that is written and edited by the students, no research was found analyzing the impact that gatekeeping has on student newspaper publications. Therefore, this study attempted to measure the influence of gatekeeping forces on student reporters and student editors who work on university newspaper publications. Data was collected through a web-based questionnaire that measured the influence of individual and routine gatekeeping forces. A convenient sample size of N = 42 was used to gather information about how students perceived a news story's level of newsworthiness. Results of this study indicated that particular routine forces of news media actions and influences of newsworthiness were more significant than other forces and significant relationships exist among certain individual and routine forces. This study also looked at how news media job titles can determine the level of importance and influence of gatekeeping forces on news stories before reaching the final destination of publishing. Results indicated that significant differences exist in routine gatekeeping forces when compared to university student job title.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / L. Susan Williams / A major public concern is what to do with sex offenders. This seven-year study utilizes first-hand accounts from sex offenders who pursue children, exploring recruitment methods – that is, how they find and gain access to victims. Much public perception about sex offender recruitment is based on well-publicized cases such as that of Polly Klaas, Megan Kanka, and Jaycee Dugard – young girls who were abducted and, in the case of Klaas and Kanka, murdered, by strangers. Legislative efforts responded with laws such as “three strikes” and sex offender registries. Scientific studies have found such laws to be ineffective, yet heightened media exposure persists, perception of “stranger danger” prevails, and untried legislative initiatives continue. The most recent is “buffer zone” laws that limit where sex offenders live. To better inform perception and policy, this study investigates two samples of sex offenders concerning child recruitment. The first sample targeted a general population of sex offenders in state custody with a determinate sentence. The second focused on a population of sexually violent predators (SVP), as defined by Kansas law, constituting repeat offenders with a long history of sex offenses and/or those deemed legislatively as unfit for release into the community. The bulk of data came through interviews addressing activities that surrounded the offense(s), details of child recruitment, and, pertaining to the SVP sample, how offending corresponded with certain life events. Theoretically, the study is informed by Routine Activities Theory (RAT) and Life-Course Theory (LCT). RAT is based on a rational choice perspective of motivation and opportunity – an individualistic approach – while LCT sees offending episodes as strongly influenced by structural position. These two seemingly divergent theories represent a unique framework referred to here as conditioned activities, demonstrating how routine activities are altered by certain life events, or turning points, which, in turn, influence persistence or desistence in offending. It was discovered that child victim recruitment varies across the life course, specifically tied to changes in the offender’s social position. Age of the offender interacts with both position and life events.

The Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) movement has gained considerable influence in the healthcare industry, including psychotherapy. The American Psychological Association's (APA) official stance on EBP encouraged clinicians to used standardized outcome measures in routine practice in order to establish the efficacy of their interventions. Routine Outcome Measurement (ROM) systems were designed specifically to accomplish this purpose, and have been shown to improve client outcomes and provide valuable aggregate data that contributes to empirical literature. Despite this research and the endorsement of the APA's official EBP stance, these measures have not been widely adopted by clinicians. Several studies have found that clinicians find the measures impractical and lacking in clinical relevance. In order to accommodate these clinician concerns, while still maintaining the major features of ROM, the Clinically Adaptive Multidimensional Outcome Survey (CAMOS) was developed. The CAMOS employs a unique system that allows clinicians to be able to tailor the measure to the needs of their client, while still maintaining a core of standardized items. The present study attempted to identify a short form of McBride's measurement model, in order to determine which items would form this standardized core. The study found evidence for the validity and reliability of the CAMOS short form. With this evidence, the short form can serve as the basis for the CAMOS's unique tailoring system. It is hoped that the novel features of the CAMOS can help accomplish the APA's goals in relation to EBP.

<p>The change in course recently taken by the Swedish Armed Forces results in an increased use of equipment, and thereby increased requirements of preventive maintenance. This paper aims to examine the current responsibilities for preventive maintenance in an army unit. The intended effect of this examination is to disclose possible flaws, and to help make routines for preventive maintenance more effective.</p><p>The questions asked in this paper are;</p><ul><li>Who, in an army unit, is responsible for the routine maintenance?</li><li>When is this responsibility valid?</li><li>What demands does the technical service have on responsibilities for the routine maintenance?</li><li>How are these demands met?</li><li>How ought to be responsible for the routine maintenance?</li></ul><p>To answer these questions the author has chosen to use a descriptive method to show the current facts. A theorizing method is chosen to, from described facts, clarify the demands of the technical service on routine maintenance. A comparing method is chosen to compare responsibilities and the different responsibility-posts.</p><p>This paper presents the following conclusions;</p><ul><li>Much of the current literature, concerning the subject, is in dire need of being synchronised and updated.</li><li>Routines for how the supply-responsibility is to be most effectively distributed in the unit ought to be established.</li><li>The user ought to be given more responsibility to choose what routine maintenance should be carried out.</li></ul>

The change in course recently taken by the Swedish Armed Forces results in an increased use of equipment, and thereby increased requirements of preventive maintenance. This paper aims to examine the current responsibilities for preventive maintenance in an army unit. The intended effect of this examination is to disclose possible flaws, and to help make routines for preventive maintenance more effective. The questions asked in this paper are; Who, in an army unit, is responsible for the routine maintenance? When is this responsibility valid? What demands does the technical service have on responsibilities for the routine maintenance? How are these demands met? How ought to be responsible for the routine maintenance? To answer these questions the author has chosen to use a descriptive method to show the current facts. A theorizing method is chosen to, from described facts, clarify the demands of the technical service on routine maintenance. A comparing method is chosen to compare responsibilities and the different responsibility-posts. This paper presents the following conclusions; Much of the current literature, concerning the subject, is in dire need of being synchronised and updated. Routines for how the supply-responsibility is to be most effectively distributed in the unit ought to be established. The user ought to be given more responsibility to choose what routine maintenance should be carried out.

Management pressure has been increasing for most companies due to fierce competition from the same industry and rapid changes and complexities in the larger context. To survive the competition and ensure sustainable management, the introduction of organization yearly performance management system is necessary. It allows a company to clarify its overall yearly goals and to extend them to individual employees according to departmental functions, linking the goals of the company, its departments, and its individual employees together. The present study takes a semiconductor packaging assembly company as case study and analyzes the factors influencing its yearly performance management system. The study first conducts a literature review, delineating the theoretical bases and results of related literature, in order to establish the theoretical model for this research. It then provides the research hypothesis based on the case company, which will be tested by analyzing the data collected from questionnaires using SPSS. Questionnaires are designed according to the four hypothesized indices of the case company: the supervisors¡¦ recognition of the function of yearly performance management, departmental yearly goals not linked with the company¡¦s yearly goals, routine management functions not synchronized with performance goals, and information system. SPSS testing shows that the Cronbach¡¦s £\ is all higher than 0.7, indicating a high reliability of scale, in other words, high conformity. The research results demonstrate that: 1. Mean and standard deviation analysis shows that different levels of supervisors in the case company have conformed recognition regarding the influence of the four indices on the organization¡¦s yearly performance. 2. Correlation analysis of the four hypothesized indices shows that they are highly correlated. This study evaluates the turnover and gross profit of the past three years from the case company based on the four indices that influence its yearly performance management system and finds that there is much room for improvement. Therefore, the four indices still have considerable influence with regard to a company¡¦s administration of performance management.