Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para caracterização do perfil de consumo de recursos demandados por um programa de computador a partir da análise do código binário do arquivo executável. A categorização de processos de acordo com seus perfis de consumo de recursos durante a execuçãotais como uso de CPU e memóriaé uma informação muito desejada para objetivos de projeto e gerenciamento de sistemas. Técnicas convencionais para este propósito são baseadas em testes de caixa branca (que avaliam o código fonte da aplicação), que tendem a ser de difícil aplicação dado a complexidade das arquiteturas de software além da necessidade de acesso ao código fonte; ou detecção de perfis baseada em dados de execução, que depende da disponibilidade de dados de execução confiáveis e da seleção de características que de fato vão correlacionar o perfil de consumo. A abordagem baseada em mineração de dados proposta neste trabalho evita estas dificuldades uma vez que manipula somente os arquivos binários executáveis. O método combina técnicas provindas da teoria da informação, redes complexas e filogenia para produzir um agrupamento hierárquico de um conjunto de arquivos de programas executáveis que pode ser utilizado para prever potenciais similaridades em termos de consumo de recursos em tempo de execução. As questões de pesquisa deste trabalho investigam se a transformação feita pelo compilador preserva similaridades entre código fonte e binário que podem ser detectadas através de algoritmos de compressão; em caso positivo, verificar se as similaridades encontradas no código binário estão relacionadas com o perfil de execução das aplicações, permitindo inferir o comportamento dos programas a partir da análise do código binário. Este trabalho apresenta a sistematização do método assim como os resultados da aplicação para caracterizar aplicações em termos de consumo de CPU e Entrada/Saída em uma plataforma PC padrão. Diversos experimentos foram executados em um repositório de 80 programas de várias fontes obtendo-se resultados significativos que evidenciam que a similaridade dos perfis de execução obtidas com esta abordagem é consistente com as obtidas experimentalmente por aferição. A aplicação do método também é exemplificado através de casos de estudo que caracterizam o perfil de execução de programas executáveis. / This work introduces a methodology for characterizing the runtime resource demands of a computer program from the analysis of its binary executable file. Categorization of processes according to the kind of resources required during execution such as CPU and memory usage is a sought-after piece of knowledge for the aims of computer system design and management. Conventional techniques available for this purpose include white-box static source code analysis and profile matching based on historical execution data. The former tends to be challenging in face of complex software architectures and requires access to the source code; the latter is dependent on the availability of reliable past data and on the selection of features yielding effective correlations with resource usage. The alternative data mining approach proposed in this paper avoids those difficulties by manipulating binary executable files. The method combines techniques from information theory, complex networks and phylogenetics to produce a hierarchical clustering of a set of executable files, which can be used to predict potential similarities in terms of runtime resource usage. The works research questions investigate if the transformation performed by the compiler preserves similarity information across the source and binary code representation such that it can be detected by standard compression algorithms; and if the so identified similarities in the symbolic object encoding are correlated to runtime resource usage to an extent which allows for inferring the programs behavior from the analysis of the binary file. The paper introduces the methods rationales and presents results of its application to characterize CPU and IO usages of benchmark applications executed on a standard PC platform. Essays carried out over a set of 80 executable programs from varying sources yielded numerically significant evidences that the prediction of resource usage similarity obtained by the approach is consistent with experimentally measured runtime profile. The application of the method is also exemplified in a few case studies aimed at characterizing executable programs runtime profile.

O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar uma família de ligações assimétricas para modelos de regressão binária sob a abordagem bayesiana. Especificamente, apresenta-se a estimação dos parâmetros da família de modelos de regressão binária com funções de ligação potência e reversa de potência considerando o método de estimação Monte Carlo Hamiltoniano, na extensão No-U-Turn Sampler, e o método Metropolis-Hastings dentro de Gibbs. Além disso, estudam-se diferentes medidas de comparação de modelos, incluindo critérios de informação e de avaliação preditiva. Um estudo de simulação foi desenvolvido para estudar a acurácia e eficiência nos parâmetros estimados. Através da análise de dados educacionais, mostra-se que os modelos usando as ligações propostas apresentam melhor ajuste do que os modelos usando ligações tradicionais. / The aim of this dissertation is to study a family of asymmetric link functions for binary regression models under Bayesian approach. Specifically, we present the estimation of parameters of power and reversal power binary regression models considering Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method, on No-U-Turn Sampler extension, and Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs sampling method. Furthermore, we study a wide variety of model comparison measures, including information criteria and measures of predictive evaluation. A simulation study was conducted in order to research accuracy and efficiency on estimated parameters. Through analysis of educational data we show that models using the proposed link functions perform better fit than models using standard links.

Nesta tese utilizamos o Modelo de Bose-Hubbard (MBH) generalizado para duas espécies bosonicas para investigar a estabilidade dinâmica da fase superfluida de uma mistura binaria de átomos bosonicos ultra-frios confinados em uma rede optica periódica anelar com M sítios. Na primeira parte consideramos a Hamiltoniana do MBH sem a presença do tunelamento inter-especies. Deduzimos e resolvemos as equações de Gross-Pitaevskii para os estados de equilíbrio do MBH e mostramos que são misturas binarias de condensados nos quais os átomos de cada espécie ocupam um estado de quase-momento q bem definido. As excitações elementares foram determinadas resolvendo as equações de Bogoliubov-de Gennes o que foi possível graças a estrutura de acoplamento dos quase-momentos que reduziu a Hamiltoniana Efetiva a uma soma direta de um dubleto e quadrupletos. Através da analise do comportamento das energias de excitação como função dos parâmetros de controle do sistema, investigamos a estabilidade dinâmica de dois casos de misturas de condensados onde, em um caso, os átomos de cada espécie ocupam o mesmo estado de quase-momento, qA = qB e, no outro, quase-momentos opostos, qA = qB. Em ambos os casos as condições de estabilidade dependem do quase-momento q estar nos quartos centrais ou laterais da primeira zona de Brillouin. No caso qA = qB vemos que a forma do diagrama de estabilidade independe do quase-momento do condensado. Por outro lado, o mesmo não ocorre nos condensados contra-propagantes qA = qB. Esta diferença fica mais acentuada no limite termodinâmico onde os diagramas de estabilidade no centro e nas extremidades da primeira zona de Brillouin ficam idênticos nos dois casos. Já nas bordas que separam os quartos centrais e laterais o comportamento ´e diferente pois a presença de uma interação interespécies por menor que seja desestabiliza completamente a mistura com qA = qB. Em todos estes casos ficou evidente o papel desestabilizador da interação interespécies. Na segunda parte consideramos o efeito de um termo de tunelamento inter-especies. As soluções das equações de Gross-Pitaevskii revelam uma estrutura biestável de estados de equilíbrio essencial para a ocorrência de bifurcação no sistema e, portanto, a presença de catástrofe. Investigamos se a catástrofe e acessível a uma observação experimental. De acordo com nosso critério, esta observação e impossível se o plano de bifurcação for a fronteira de um domínio de instabilidade dinâmica. Através da analise da estabilidade dinâmica dos estados de equilíbrio vimos que para um sistema invariante por inversão de cor essa resposta depende apenas da razão entre as intensidades de tunelamento intra e inter-especies de modo que se JAB/J > 1 a observação e impossível e se JAB/J < 1 é possível, supondo existir uma rota adiabática ate a bifurcação. / In this thesis we used the two-component Bose-Hubbard Model (BHM) to investigate the dynamical stability of the superfluid phase of a binary mixture of ultra-cold bosonic atoms confined in a ring-shaped periodic optical lattice with M sites. In the first part we considered the BHM Hamiltonian without the presence of interspecies tunnelling. We deduced and solved the Gross-Pitaevskii equations for the equilibrium states of the BHM and showed that they are binary mixtures of condensates where the atoms of each species occupy a state of well defined quasi-momentum q. The elementary excitations were determined solving the Bogoliubov-de-Gennes equations which was possible thanks to the coupling structure of the quasi-momenta that reduced the Effective Hamiltonian to a direct sum of a doublet and quadriplets. Through the analysis of the behavior of the excitation energies as a function of the control parameters of the system, we investigated the dynamical stability of two cases of mixtures of condensates where, in one case, the atoms of each specie occupy the same state of quasi-momentum, qA = qB, and, in the other, opposite quasi-momentum, qA = qB. In both cases the stability conditions depend of the quasi-momentum q to be in the central or lateral quarters of the first Brillouin zone. In the case qA = qB, we see that the form of the stability diagram is not dependent of the quasi-momentum of the condensate. However, the same does not occur in the counter-propagating condensates qA = qB. This difference is accentuated in the thermodynamic limit where the stability diagrams in the center and in the extremities of the first Brillouin zone are identical in both cases. In the borders that separate the central and lateral quarters the behavior is different because the presence of a slightly non vanishing inter-species interaction completely destabilize the mixture with qA = qB. In all these cases it was evident the destabilizing role of the inter-species interaction. In the second part we considered the effect of a inter-species tunnelling term. The solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equations reveal a bi-stable structure of equilibrium states that is essential for the occurrence of the bifurcation in the system and, therefore, the presence of catastrophe. We investigated if the catastrophe is accessible to a experimental observation. According to our criteria, this observation is impossible if the bifurcation plane is the frontier of a dynamical instability domain. Through the analysis of the dynamical stability of the equilibrium states we saw that for a system invariant by color inversion this answer depends only on the ratio between the intra and inter-species tunnelling intensities in a way that if JAB/J > 1 the observation is impossible and if JAB/J < 1 it is possible, supposing that it exists an adiabatic route until the bifurcation.

A análise de dados binários é usualmente feita através da regressão logística, mas esse modelo possui limitações. Modificar a função de ligação da regressão permite maior flexibilidade na modelagem e diversas propostas já foram feitas nessa área. No entanto, não se sabe de nenhum pacote estatístico capaz de estimar esses modelos, o que dificulta sua utilização. O presente trabalho propõe uma implementação em R de quatro modelos de regressão binária com função de ligação paramétrica usando tanto a abordagem frequentista como a Bayesiana. / Binary data analysis is usually conducted with logistic regression, but this model has limitations. Modifying the link function allows greater flexibility in modelling and several proposals have been made on the field. However, to date there are no packages capable of estimating these models imposing some difficulties to utilize them. The present work develops an R implementation of four binary regression models with parametric link functions in both frequentist and Bayesian approaches.

The purpose of this work is to study the effects of boundaries on granular flows down vibrating inclines, on segregation in granular mixtures induced by boundary vibrations, and on flows of granular mixtures through vibrating sieves. In each case, we employ techniques borrowed from the kinetic theory to derive an appropriate set of boundary conditions, and combine them with existing flow theories to calculate the profiles of solid volume fraction, mean velocity, and granular temperature throughout the flows. The boundaries vibrate with full three-dimensional anisotropy in a manner that can be related to their amplitudes, frequencies, and phase angles in three independent directions. At impenetrable surfaces (such as those on the inclines), the conditions derived ensure that momentum and energy are each balanced at the boundary. At penetrable surfaces (such as sieves), the conditions also ensure that mass is balanced at the boundary. In these cases, the momentum and energy balances also are modified to account for particle transport through the boundary. Particular interest in all the applications considered here is in how the details of the boundary geometry and the nature of its vibratory motion affect the resulting flows. In one case, we derive conditions that apply to a monosized granular material that interacts with a bumpy, vibrating, impenetrable boundary, and predict how such boundaries affect steady, fully developed unconfined inclined flows. Results indicate that the flows can be significantly enhanced by increasing the total energy of vibration and are more effectively enhanced by normal vibration than by tangential vibration. Regardless of the direction of vibration, the bumpiness of the boundary has a profound effect on the flows. In a second case, we derive conditions that apply to a binary granular mixture that interacts with a flat, vibrating, penetrable sieve-like boundary, and predict how such boundaries affect the process in which the particles pass through the sieve. In the special case in which the particles are all the same size, the results make clear that energy is more effectively transmitted to the assemblies when either the total vibrational energy or the normal component of the vibrational energy is increased, but that an increase in the energy transferred to the material can sometimes actually decrease the flow rates through the sieve. Consequently, at any instant of time in the sieving process, there is an optimum level of vibrational energy that will maximize the flow rate. For the sieving of binary granular assemblies, the physics associated with the effects of energy transfer on the flow rates still applies. However, in these cases, the flows through the sieve are also profoundly affected by segregation that occurs while the particles reside on sieve before the pass through. For this reason, we also isolate the segregation process from the sieving process by considering the special case in which the holes in the vibrating sieve are too small to allow any particles to pass through. In this case, the results show that under most circumstances the region immediately adjacent to the vibrating surface will be populated almost entirely by the smaller particles or by the more dissipative particles if there is no size disparity, and that the reverse is true in a second region above the first.

Incorporating survey weights into likelihood-based analysis is a controversial issue because the sampling weights are not simply equal to the reciprocal of selection probabilities but they are adjusted for various characteristics such as age, race, etc. Some adjustments are based on nonresponses as well. This adjustment is accomplished using a combination of probability calculations. When we build a logistic regression model to predict categorical outcomes with survey data, the sampling weights should be considered if the sampling design does not give each individual an equal chance of being selected in the sample. We rescale these weights to sum to an equivalent sample size because the variance is too small with the original weights. These new weights are called the adjusted weights. The old method is to apply quasi-likelihood maximization to make estimation with the adjusted weights. We develop a new method based on the correct likelihood for logistic regression to include the adjusted weights. In the new method, the adjusted weights are further used to adjust for both covariates and intercepts. We explore the differences and similarities between the quasi-likelihood and the correct likelihood methods. We use both binary logistic regression model and multinomial logistic regression model to estimate parameters and apply the methods to body mass index data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results show some similarities and differences between the old and new methods in parameter estimates, standard errors and statistical p-values.

Security issues play an important role in almost all modern communication and computer networks. As Internet applications continue to grow dramatically, security requirements have to be strengthened. Hyperelliptic curve cryptosystems (HECC) allow for shorter operands at the same level of security than other public-key cryptosystems, such as RSA or Diffie-Hellman. These shorter operands appear promising for many applications. Hyperelliptic curves are a generalization of elliptic curves and they can also be used for building discrete logarithm public-key schemes. A major part of this work is the development of computer architectures for the different algorithms needed for HECC. The architectures are developed for a reconfigurable platform based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). FPGAs combine the flexibility of software solutions with the security of traditional hardware implementations. In particular, it is possible to easily change all algorithm parameters such as curve coefficients and underlying finite field. In this work we first summarized the theoretical background of hyperelliptic curve cryptosystems. In order to realize the operation addition and doubling on the Jacobian, we developed architectures for the composition and reduction step. These in turn are based on architectures for arithmetic in the underlying field and for arithmetic in the polynomial ring. The architectures are described in VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) and the code was functionally verified. Some of the arithmetic modules were also synthesized. We provide estimates for the clock cycle count for a group operation in the Jacobian. The system targeted was HECC of genus four over GF(2^41).

Resumo: A existência de satélites irregulares é um tema de interesse científico há muito tempo devido às suas características peculiares, isto é, órbitas bem excêntricas, distantes do planeta e geralmente com altas inclinações em relação ao plano equatorial de seu planeta, chegando a ser em grande parte retrógradas. A existência de famílias de satélites irregulares, caracterizadas pela semelhança dos elementos orbitais dos satélites que as compõem é, ainda hoje, um fato não explicado. Tais características sugerem que os satélites irregulares não tenham sido formados juntamente com os planetas que estes orbitam, como se acredita ser o caso dos satélites regulares. Deste modo, uma explicação coerente para a existência dos mesmos é a captura gravitacional de corpos, formados em outras regiões, a partir de órbitas heliocêntricas após a ocorrência de um encontro próximo com o planeta. Entretanto, sob a dinâmica do Problema Circular Restrito de Três Corpos - PCR3C - capturas gravitacionais têm carater temporário, o que torna necessária a existência de um mecanismo de captura auxiliar. Isto tem incentivado, por anos, à proposição de vários modelos para explicar a existência dos satélites irregulares através da captura gravitacional, dentre os quais três se destacam na literatura: Dissipação por arrasto em gás, Pull-down capture - captura por puxão, interação colisional ou por encontros próximos com satélites pré-existentes, capturas de planetesimais durante encontros planetários e captura de asteróides binários. Considerando a dinâmica de 4-Corpos, investigamos numericamente a viabilidade de um modelo no qual um ente de um asteróide binário é capturado após sofrer um encontro próximo com um Júpiter, avaliando as condições que propiciam a captura de cada um dos membros, realizando um mapeamento dos parâmetros de modo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The existence of irregular satellites has been the focus of scientific interest for many years. That is due to their peculiar orbital features, i.e., highly eccentric orbits, large distance from the planet and, usually, with high inclination and many of them are retrograde. There are very well characterized families of irregular satellites, whose origin were not explained yet. These features suggest that irregular satellites were not formed together with the planet, during its formation stage, as were the regular ones. Therefore, an explanation for their existence is the gravitational capture of asteroids, originally in heliocentric orbits, that had a close encounter with the planet. However, considering only the Restrict Three Body Problem dynamics, it is not possible to accomplish permanent captures, being necessary the existence of an auxiliary mechanism. Then, several models were proposed in order to generate a permanent capture. Among the most important we found Gas drag dissipation, Pull-down capture, collisional and close encounters interactions with regular satellites, capture during planetary encounters and capture of binary asteroids. The current research had assessed how viable is a 4-body mechanism in which a member body of a binary asteroid remain captured after a close encounter with Jupiter. In order to accomplish that, we have mapped a set o parameters in order to find the proper conditions to yield the capture of one member. From the main results it is shown a very well permanent capture probability of the minor member when the primordial binary asteroid disrupts at a suitable "quadrature" configuration. Finally, it is also shown that this capture mechanism is well explained through energy exchanges. / Orientador: Othon Cabo Winter / Coorientador: Ernesto Vieira Neto / Banca: Tadashi Yokoyama / Banca: Fernando Virgilio Roig / Mestre

Orientador: Ernesto Vieira Neto / Co orientador: Antônio Delson C. de Jesus / Banca: Rodney da Silva Gomes / Banca: Tadashi Yokoyama / Resumo: Neste trabalho, apresentamos um estudo sobre a formação dos satélites irregulares de Júpiter por meio da captura gravitacional de asteróides binários. Analisamos as condições de ruptura/captura para um dos membros de um asteróide binário após um encontro próximo com o planeta considerando um conjunto de condições iniciais do Modelo de Nice. O sistema integrado é composto por quatro corpos: Sol, Júpiter e os membros do asteróide binário. Analisamos também o efeito do achatamento do membro mais massivo do asteróide binário. Nos resultados apresentados é possível perceber a relevância das perturbações, devidas ao Sol e ao achatamento, nos processos de troca de energia e momento angular para que um membro do asteróide torne-se permanentemente capturado. As configurações finais dos asteróides capturados são compatíveis com os objetos reais observados. / Abstract: In this work, we present a study on the irregular Jupiter's satellites formation by gravitational capture of binay asteroids. We analyze the conditions of capture to one or two members of the binary asteroid after a close-approach wiht the planet considering a set of initial conditions derived from Nice Model. Our system is composed of four bodies: Sun, Jupiter and the members of the binary asteroid. We also analyzed the oblateness effect of the bigger member of binary asteroid. The presented results showed the relevance of perturbations, due to Sun and the oblateness, in the process of exchange of energy and angular momentum for a member of the asteroid who will become permanently captured. The final configuration of captured asteroids are compatible with the real objects observed. / Mestre

A nova is a cataclysmic variable star consisting of a white dwarf and a main sequence, subgiant or red giant companion. In a nova explosion, the white dwarf undergoes a thermonuclear runaway on its surface, as a result of build-up of accreted material from its companion. This leads to a large expulsion of matter from the WD surface, as well as a dramatic increase in the optical magnitude of the system. In this thesis, 5GHz C-band e-MERLIN observations of two novae (V959 Mon and V339 Del) and one symbiotic star (AG Pegasi) are presented. V959 Mon is a classical nova which was discovered in June 2012 by the Fermi Large Area Telescope as a gamma-ray source. High resolution e-MERLIN images of V959 Mon were made at six epochs following the June 2012 outburst, between 90 and 615 days after the Fermi discovery. The first four e-MERLIN observations revealed a morphology which was aspherical and expanding in the east-west direction. However, in the last two epochs, V959 Mon's ejecta morphology changed from being elongated east-west to being elongated north-south. Constant velocity models fit to measurements of V959 Mon's angular size at each epoch indicated that the expansion rate of the north-south component was significantly slower than that of the east-west component. The e-MERLIN observations of V339 Del and AG Pegasi were not as well resolved as the observations of V959 Mon, and only limited analysis of their ejecta structure was possible. In order to understand the complicated morphology seen in the e-MERLIN observations of V959 Mon, radio emission models of nova ejecta were constructed, and e-MERLIN observations of them were simulated. When constructing the models, two possible explanations for V959 Mon's morphology were explored. Firstly, the possibility was considered that the elongation observed in V959 Mon's ejecta, which changed over time from east- west to north-south, was spurious, resulting from incomplete sampling of the uv plane by e-MERLIN. To investigate this, an expanding spherical shell of ejecta was simulated, the extent to which its shape was distorted in simulated e-MERLIN images of it was investigated. Secondly, emission from an ejecta model featuring two components - one fast-moving component in the east-west direction, and another, more slow-moving component in the north-south direction - was simulated, in order to determine whether such an ejecta structure could result in the morphology seen in the e-MERLIN observations of V959 Mon. It was found that the spherical, Hubble flow model simulations were a reasonably good fit to V959 Mon's light curve, but could not explain the east-west elongation seen in V959 Mon's ejecta at the early epochs. Simulated observations of the two-component model were morphologically similar to V959 Mon, but produced light curves which were much fainter than V959 Mon's, indicating that a more in-depth analysis of two-component models of nova ejecta is necessary.