Investigation on a series of hydrogen-bonded networks constructed with N-heteroaryl acids is described in Section 3.4. In this section, we focused on the connection modes within the heteroaryl dimer. The study of co-crystals and inclusion compounds based on 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) or trithiocyanuric acid (TCA) indicated that the dimer of TBA is present in all three crystals in the forms of ribbon, tetramer or separated dimer. In the case of 5-nitrobarbiturate, its dimer occurs in two ammonium salts and in three of its four thiourea complexes, but is absent in all three urea complexes. / Self-assembly of two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded honeycomb grids exhibiting the rosette motif has been conducted with the guanidinium cation and various anions as the building blocks, tetraalkylammonium ions of suitable bulk being employed as interlayer templates. It is noteworthy that the rosette layer constructed from three different trigonal-planar molecular components has been achieved. In addition, deviating from conventional topological design, the generation of new rosette layers, albeit highly distorted, has also been accomplished with 1,2-dithiosquarate and the dianionic form of 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2',6,6'-tetracarboxylate that do not conform to C3-symmetry. Although threefold molecular symmetry is regarded as a sacrosanct requirement for molecular building blocks in the construction of hydrogen-bonded rosette motif, this study shows that rosette motifs can be generated even if one of the building blocks does not have inherent threefold symmetry. / Study of compounds containing the deprotonated forms of Kemp's triacid (H3KTA) has revealed the chair or twist-boat conformation in six crystal structures. X-ray structural analysis showed that [C(NH2) 3+] · [C6H6(CH3) 3(COOH)2(COO-)] (2.2.2) exhibits a corrugated layer structure which mimics the rosette motif constructed from the guanidinium ion and the hydrogen carbonate dimer. The tricarboxylate form of Kemp's triacid KTA3- in 3[C(NH2) 3+] · [C6H6(CH3) 3(COO-)3] (2.2.4) registers a record number of eighteen acceptor hydrogen bonds involving the convergent N--H donor sites from nine guanidinium ions. The crystal structure of 3[(C2H5)4N+] · 20[C(NH 2)3+] · 11[C6H6(CH 3)3(COOH) (COO-)2] · [C6H6(CH3)3(COOH)2(COO -)]·17H2O (2.2.3) features a hydrogen-bonded aggregate with a centrosymmetric pseudo-octahedral arrangement of H2KTA- anions surrounding an inner core composed of eight guanidinium ions. The unusual twist-boat conformation of KTA3- is found in [(CH3)4N +] · 2[C(NH2)3+] · [C6H6(CH3)3(COO- )3] · 2H2O (2.2.6), which is stabilized by the co-existence of guanidinium and tetramethylammonium cations. / Systematic investigation on hydrogen-bonded supramolecular assembly using aromatic carboxylic acids bearing linear or bent skeletons with urea/guanidinium resulted in the formation of mainly R228 and R126 synthon motifs. In addition, isostructures were also constructed by varying the length of the linker between two carboxylate groups, as in naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate (2.3.2) and biphenyl dicarboxylate (2.3.3). / This thesis reports a systematic investigation on the generation of new inclusion compounds by the combined use of urea/thiourea, guanidinium ion and various organic anions as building blocks of hydrogen-bonded host lattices and selected quaternary ammonium ion as the enclosed guests. / Various acids bearing specific functional groups have been explored as structure building components, including boric acid, Kemp's triacid, heterocyclic (thio)urea derivatives, aryl and N-heteroaryl carboxylic acids and (dithio)squaric acid. All the co-crystals and inclusion compounds built of molecular components in the afore-mentioned categories have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. As a result, the complexes exhibit a rich variety of inclusion topologies, such as networks containing isolated cages, open channels, intersecting tunnels, double-layer systems, and sandwich-like as well as wave-like layer structures. / Han, Jie. / Adviser: Thomas C. W. Mak. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-01, Section: B, page: 0337. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-218). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Recently in the Netherlands and in Amsterdam, policymakers have started to see generalized trust as an indicator of societal cohesion, which is taken to be endangered by participating in ethnically homogenous or bonding organizations. However, there is no study that supports this negative socialization effect. Existing surveys in the Netherlands and in Amsterdam lack either appropriate data on ethnic minorities or do not allow this question to be properly addressed. They do not contain the relevant variables or do not have a multilevel structure, since the latter requires one to sample many responses from the same organization rather than collect data that is representative of individuals. This thesis addresses this gap in the literature by juxtaposing Turkish (bonding) associations with organizations whose membership consists of different ethnic groups (bridging). I surveyed 40 non-profit organizations in Amsterdam and collected responses from around 450 participants. I subsequently describe different bonding and bridging practices within and between organizations, and demonstrate that Turkish, as compared to mixed organizations, are internally focused on their own group, but externally are more involved in bridging networks. Thus contact within Turkish organizations is confined to fellow ethnics and this allows for testing the contact hypothesis. This thesis employs a multilevel model and distinguishes individual attributes from organizational factors (ethnic composition). However, the variance in generalized trust at the organizational level is only 4%, which indicates that the context of voluntary organizations has not much influence on it. Secondly, I test an interaction effect between the mixed ethnic composition of an organization and the length of participation in years in order to test for a socialization effect (the contact hypothesis). However, this interaction effect is not statistically significant. Finally, I test for another interaction effect, namely the effect of having a close tie in a mixed organization, in order to test for a sufficient but not necessary condition of the contact hypothesis, which might turn contact into attitude change. Again, this interaction is not statistically significant. Beyond bridging and bonding, there are complementary mechanisms which might have affected generalized trust. I, therefore, extend my model to include cognitive evaluations about one’s humanitarian values, negative life experiences and socio-economic factors. Three theoretical frameworks are tested: psychological; norm driven; and social success. The findings suggest that differences in generalized trust are best explained by individual processes rather than contact between ethnically diverse groups in voluntary organizations. Optimism has the strongest effect size on generalized trust. Other key factors are educational levels, and to some extent older age as well as having been widowed or lost one’s partner due to divorce. Younger people who adhere to humanitarian values are also among the high generalized trusters. The effect of education, age and the experience of divorce or separation is also found in other Dutch representative national samples and support the consensus around social success theories in explaining generalized trust.

Chan, Wing Shong Thierry. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-88). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Contents --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1 - --- Dendronized Polymers and Supramolecular Polymers --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction to Dendrons and Dendrimers --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Dendronized polymers --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Graft-from Method --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Graft-to Method --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Macromonomer Method --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Step Growth Polymerization --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Chain Growth Polymerization --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Living Chain Growth Polymerization --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Supramolecular Polymers --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Supramolecular Dendronized Polymers --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2 - --- Design of Supramolecular Dendronized Polymers --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Hydrogen Bonding --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Binary Characters of Hydrogen Bonding --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2 --- 2-Ureido-4[ 1H]-Pyrimidinone (UPy) --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- Effects of Dendrons on Dimerization Constant of UPy --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4 --- Target Supramolecular Dendronized Polymers --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter 3 - --- Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Dendronized Polymers --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Retro-Synthesis --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- Synthesis of [G1]-[G3] Bifunctional Protected Monomers --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3 --- Characterization of Intermediates --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 1H NMR Spectroscopy --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 13C NMR Spectroscopy --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Mass Spectroscopy --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4 --- Deprotection of [G1]-[G3] Biflmctional O-benzyl Protected Monomers --- p.41 / Chapter 3.5 --- Characterization of [G1]´ؤ[G3] Bifunctional Dendronized Monomers --- p.44 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Characterization of [G1] Dendronized Di-UPy Monomer --- p.44 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Characterization of [G2] Dendronized Di-UPy Monomer --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Characterization of [G3] Supramolecular Dendronized Di-Upy Polymer --- p.47 / Chapter 3.6 --- Conclusion --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 4 - --- Properties of Supramolecular Dendronized Polymers --- p.50 / Chapter 4.1 --- Viscosity Measurement --- p.50 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Viscosity Result At Room Temperature --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Viscosity Result At Different Temperatures --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Viscosity Result In Different Solvents --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2 --- Proton NMR --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Scanning Electron Microscopy --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4 --- Gelation Property --- p.61 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 5 - --- Experimental Procedures --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1 --- General Information --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experimental Procedures --- p.67 / References --- p.82 / NMR spectra --- p.89

After a hostage negotiation incident, it is common practice for either no debriefing to occur or a formal, administration-attended debriefing to discuss issues and possible emotional as well as, psychological stressors with the hostage negotiation team members. However, many times negotiators are reluctant to be honest in front of administrators or supervisors about their weaknesses as they feel this will lead to termination or loss of service weapon. Little is known about what effect, if any, best practice hostage negotiation after incident debriefings would have given regarding possible psychological distresses on the negotiators as well as effects on team bonding. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate whether and how after incident hostage negotiation debriefing strategies lower PTSD symptoms among hostage negotiators. The theoretical framework for this study was Kelley's followership theory. The sample was 12 negotiators from a local county negotiation team and a local city negotiation team. The research questions focused on hostage negotiator preference for debriefing strategies, honesty in debriefings in relation to stressors, opinions of the meeting's effects on dealing with trauma, and effects on team bond building. The results were that peer run, peer driven debriefing strategies are most wanted and most effective for hostage negotiators. The positive social change implications are numerous, including a more effective, more mentally fit, and closer bonded hostage negotiation team capable of saving more lives who in turn will have a healthier family life, which will resonate into the community.

No description available.

Errata pasted onto front end-paper. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86). Describes the preparation and characterisation of a novel series of organoplatinum(II) complexes with hydrogen-bonding functionality.

Includes bibliographical references. Pt. 1. Clinical evaluation -- Pt. 2. A SEM and 'In-vitro' study.

Thesis (Ph.D)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / A journal entitled Three-dimensional reconstruction of microleakage pattern using a sequential grinding technique by M.S. Gale, B.W. Darvell and G.S.P. Cheung bound at back of the thesis. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 495-520) Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Graduation date: 2005