Orientador: Maria Orlanda Pinassi / Banca: Isabel Maria F. R. Loureiro / Banca: Eliana Maria de Melo Souza / Resumo: Em toda a sua trajetória, Michael Löwy notabilizou-se pela flagrante disposição em reler diversos autores e visões de mundo do passado à luz das condições de possibilidade do cenário histórico contemporâneo - caracterizado, entre outras coisas, por um esgotamento do "progresso" capitalista e do modelo civilizatório vigente, como sugere a emergência vertiginosa da crise ecológica. Partindo desta constatação, o objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar e problematizar a defesa teórica e política de Michael Löwy da necessidade de uma ruptura do marxismo com as ideologias do progresso e com o paradigma civilizatório capitalista-moderno. A hipótese central é a de que o tema da crítica da modernidade - que se manifesta concretamente nos debates em torno do eco-socialismo - é o eixo a partir do qual se torna possível conferir concretude histórica à trajetória intelectual de Löwy: de seus primeiros trabalhos na década de 1960 até suas incursões mais recentes por diferentes expressões da recusa crítica e/ou utópica da modernidade, tais como a crítica benjaminiana da temporalidade histórica do "progresso" dos vencedores, a crítica weberiana e romântica da modernidade e, por fim, a rejeição utópico-religiosa do capitalismo moderno, presente em algumas expressões do messianismo judaico na Europa Central ou do cristianismo de libertação latino-americano / Abstract: Throughout his career, Michael Löwy was most notable by rereading several authors and worldviews from the past to the brightening possibilities of the actual times - characterized, among others, by the increasing lack of capitalist "progress" and the current model of civilization, as suggested by the vertiginous emergency of the ecological crisis. From this viewpoint, this dissertation's goal is to present and discuss Michael Löwy's theoretical and political defense of the rupture necessity of marxism from the progress ideologies and the modern-capitalism civilizacional paradigm. The central hypothesis is that the subject-matter of modernity's critique - which concret expression may be found on debates on eco-socialism - is the center line in which it will be possible to check out on 8 Michael Löwy's career its concret intellectual history: from his first works in the 60's till his most recent incursions on different expressions of critical and/or utopical modernity's refusal, such as benjaminian critiques to the winners "progressive" temporality, weberian and romantic critiques to modernity and, at last, the utopian-religious rejection of modern capitalism, present in some Central Europe jewish messianism expressions and in latin-american liberating christianity / Mestre

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Thesis (M.A.)--The University of Texas at San Antonio, 2008. / Adviser: Thomas J. Bellows. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-235).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Anthropology, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

The problem to be dealt with in this paper is the theory of capitalistic stagnation. Why is it important to examine the theory of capitalistic stagnation? The continuity of the theory of stagnation is the only portion of economic doctrine that is held in common by the Classical, Marxian, Keynesian, and Institutional economists.

The main goal of the thesis is to develop an understanding of the history of international society, reinterpreting it as the uneven and combined development of capitalism. It is argued that uneven and combined development is the historical form that capitalism has taken in expanding international society. The way in which each individual society was integrated into the expanding international society depended on the local conditions and how this fed into the international context set by an already-existing world market and states-system. When subjected to the pressures of capitalist expansion, states attempted to quickly consolidate their power and increase revenue by developing their productive capacity through copying the methods of production and political organisation which had made Europe so strong. This produced a particular model of development in that advanced forms were often grafted onto pre-existing structures. The experience of this creates the particular context in which political action takes place. The case studies of Egypt and Vietnam provide two local comparative applications of the theory. Each case study shows, through historical reconstruction, how the history of international society and the history of individual societies are intertwined. It will also show that in both cases the experience of uneven and combined development created a particular distorted and twisted class structure which meant that social and political instability was built in. By charting their different experiences an explanation is provided for the two very different routes they took: in Egypt's case - a nationalist military coup d'etat, and in Vietnam's case - Communist revolution and war. But the theory goes further than just providing an analysis of domestic instabilities, it also shows how it is the management of these very instabilities which has dominated the policies and actions of the major powers throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

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