This diploma thesis is focused on happiness in the elderly. It searches answers on questions like: Can be the senior citizens happy? How should we grow old without loosing contentment? The meaning of the word happiness is discussed, as well as multiple points of view on old age. The presence of happiness in elderly is studied including ways toward the happiness. The thesis also includes seven casuistry, which illustrate the happiness of senior citizens. The results of casuistry complement the theoretical parts of the work.

Despite the popularity of free people of color in New Orleans as a research topic, the history of free people of color remains misunderstood. The prevailing view of free people of color is that of people who: engaged in plaçage, attended quadroon balls, were desperately dependent upon the dominant population, and were uninterested or afraid to garner rights for themselves. Contemporary historians have endeavored to amend this stereotypical perception; this study aims to be a part of the trend of revisionist history through an in-depth analysis of the co-plaintiffs in Boisdoré and Goulé, f.p.c., v. Citizens Bank and their case. Because Boisdoré and Goulé sue at critical time in New Orleans history, three decades after the Louisiana Purchase during the American transformation of New Orleans, their case epitomizes the era in which it occurs. In bringing suit, Boisdoré and Goulé attempted to thwart some of those forth coming changes.

Citizen proposal is one of many participation governance arrangements introduced the last few decades in Sweden in order to improve communication between local government institutions and citizens. In 2002 citizen proposal was introduced by the state, thus making it possible for the municipalities to allow citizens and other inhabitants to come up with proposals to the elected. In 2007 the law was revised and now gave the municipalities opportunity to delegate decision-making related to citizen proposals to the committees [nämnder/styrelser]. This study examines the implementation of citizen proposals in Kumla municipality 2002-2019. First analysing the arguments raised by the municipality to implement citizen proposal in Kumla, it then proceeds to show how it was implemented before and after the revision of the law that gave opportunity to delegate decision-making to the committees and what consequences it had on the content of the decisions. The study ends by showing how and why Kumla municipality decided to repeal the citizen proposal in favour of another kind of citizen participation.

European Citizens' Initiative The main core of the thesis is the problematics of the European Citizens' Initiative, a tool relatively new that was put in place by the Lisbon Treaty and allows one million citizens from at least seven EU Member States to ask the European Commission to propose legislation in areas that fall within its competence. This thesis provides a detailed description of this instrument of participatory democracy, its historical foundations, its development and also the recent proposal for a regulation on the European citizens' initiative that aims to fill the gaps discovered during the period of its existence. It describes the formal and procedural requirements required for the successful submission of the initiative to the European Commission, particularly for registration, and thus the official launch of the initiative. It focuses on the forms of statements of support and the complication that it brought. The thesis also introduces some of the initiatives that have been organised since 2012, both successful and unsuccessful, including those that the Commission has refused to register. There is also an evaluation of the initiatives, the experiences and challenges that the organizers have met and especially the impact of the successful ones. The thesis points out particular...

[pt] O aumento da expectativa de vida dos brasileiros é cada vez maior e, conseqüentemente, também sua presença na economia. Assim como o público idoso, o mercado de cartões de crédito também cresce em ritmo acelerado. Este trabalho estuda as características do portador de cartão de crédito do segmento da Terceira Idade, ou melhor, pessoas com mais de 60 anos, assim como seu comportamento em relação ao uso do cartão de crédito. Aplicou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de entrevistas em profundidade, que levou à análise de outras faixas etárias para fins de comparação do comportamento de uso do cartão de crédito, assim como a aplicação de um questionário no aspecto quantitativo. Os resultados apontaram para características conservadoras por parte da Terceira Idade no que se refere ao uso do cartão de crédito. / [en] The increase of life expectation of the Brazilians grows bigger and bigger and, consequently, also their presence in the country's economy. Just as the aged public, the credit card market also grows in an accelerated rhythm. This work studies the characteristics of the Third Age credit card bearer segment, in other words, people over the sixties, as well as their behavior regarding the credit card use. A qualitative research was applied, by means of in- depth interviews, which lead to the analysis of other age groups aiming at the comparison of the credit card use behavior, as well as the application of a quantitative wise questionnaire. The results point towards conservative characteristics on the part of the Third Age as far as the credit card use is concerned.

Today’s digitalized society sees constant change and development. Revolutionary and otherwise controversial inventions are now considered conventional. Sweden is one of the most technologically developed countries in the world, with the exception of our voting system. The biggest change seen during the decades is the inclusion of voters. The current voting system in Sweden is neither effective nor accurate. There have been talks about an electronic voting system but Sweden has seen no effect of this. Other countries have already implemented electronic voting with successful results. Projects in other countries have also been shut down with the reason being users that are not aware of how the system actually works, even though citizens were positive towards the systems. No investments have been made in making sure that users know how the system works. It is therefore important to include the end-user in the design and development of a system. This inclusion ensures satisfaction from both parties. If an ultimate solution is to occur, both from a developer and user perspective, involvement needs to happen.  Through this study, swedish citizens perspective regarding e-voting will be analyzed to enhance an e-voting system in case of a future implementation in Sweden.

The diploma thesis deals with a healthy lifestyle in the elderly. The main goal of the thesis is to determine the elderly's attitudes about physical activity and healthy eating. The results of the research show that the respondents are a very heterogeneous group and their attitudes towards healthy lifestyle are different. Respondents do not have bad habits due to uninformation, but probably because of lack of motivation. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and explorative one. There are four chapters in the theoretical part. First, the old age and ageing are described. According to the relevant literature there are summarized the changes that are associated with this life stage. Attention is focused on the quality of life and the perception of satisfaction in old age. The work is a summary of important documents that deal with the quality of life and deserve improvement. The thesis summarizes the important documents that deal with the quality of life and improve it. The main pillars of a healthy lifestyle for each age category are proper physical activity and nutritionally balanced diet. In the case of seniors there are many factors that prevent the ideal state and which need to be improved. There is also the issue of motivation as a driving force of human behavior. The results in the...

in English language: The thesis deals with the Institute of Citizenship of the European Union. It follows the first of its origins, the institutional framework and the definition of its content to then focus on the contemporary problems faced by this institution in its application and the use of this specific type of citizenship as one of the possible solutions to the problematic legal status of EU citizens and citizens of the United Kingdom after Brexit. The author puts forward suggestions for addressing the different groups of people whose position changes significantly after Brexit, especially with regard to their place of residence, nationality and whether or not they will still be citizens of a Member State of the European Union after Brexit or not. The author presents possible solutions to the problems that such a state of uncertainty brings with references to case law, current professional literature, and also takes into account the course of Brexit bargaining. He also submits proposals for a new definition of EU citizenship and its possible use to protect the rights of British citizens on the territory of EU Member States after Brexit, but also for Union citizens who are in the same time living, working or studying in Great Britain. Attention is also paid to the specific area of Northern...

This thesis explores intersecting processes of inclusion and exclusion among Palestinians in Tel Aviv, a city considered to be essentially Jewish-Israeli. It looks at Palestinians from diverse backgrounds and statuses who engage with the city in search of employment, higher education, political activism, or an urban lifestyle. Although this self-consciously liberal city creates social and economic openings, unequal power relations and conflict prevail over urban civility and citizenship. The Palestinians face a paradox: the deeper their inclusion into Tel Aviv’s political economy, the stronger their estrangement and the more serious their dilemmas. Because their urban inclusion is limited, mobility and constant adaptation become obligatory and eventually disempowering. As they oscillate between conflicting desires and senses of solidarity or identification, the Palestinians in Tel Aviv struggle with intersecting forms of cultural and political power. They seek individual opportunities within a political system they oppose, demand recognition of their identity and history but also seek urban anonymity as unmarked individuals. Their balancing acts resemble acrobats: they walk a tightrope between contradictory worlds, unable to reconcile both into a stable balance and simultaneously prevented from ever fully arriving at the other end. They live in exile ‘at home’.

The thesis analyses together used instruments of marketing communication mix of town Pelhřimov. These instruments are evaluated from the view of informing and linking of citizens into the decision-making process in the public service. By Questionnaire investigation the thesis recognizes the effectivity of marketing instruments and their impact on target groups of inhabitants of the town. It also identifies possible communication barriers and gathers suggestions for new forms of communication. On the basis of the synthesis of found facts it puts before measures for improving of current status of marketing communication of town Pelhřimov.